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Client Privacy, 2006.
A discussion on legal and ethical requirements of confidentiality of service providers.
734 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of client privacy and confidentiality in health care and services. It discusses the code of ethics and standards of practice of the American Counseling Association and the ethical standards of school counselors of the American School Counselor Association. The paper discusses expectations from adults and children in terms of confidentiality and the legal and ethical requirements of the service providers.
From the Paper
"Counselors are expected to demonstrate ethical standards and lawful behavior, regardless of his or her professional credentials or work setting (MacDonald). This can be especially challenging because law and ethics are based on different understandings that produce different actions, and it is these different actions that often present a counselor with ethical-legal dilemmas (MacDonald)."
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Morality and Ethics, 2006.
A discussion of the role of morality and ethics in laws made by people.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of morality and ethics in our society. It presents examples where morality and ethics are discussed in society, such as gay marriages. It also analyzes the concept of a business code of ethics and its implications. The paper concludes with a holistic interpretation of the role of nature in this world.
From the Paper
"As a result, there are two main ways in which ethical codes can be undermined. The first is from the bottom up, and the second is from the top down. In other words, the code might be violated by one employee, in one instance, in order to benefit themselves; or the code might be violated by the overall ethical stance of the business through lack of enforcement. Although the Enron Code of Ethics was relatively consistent in its goals, it meant nothing because an objective enforcement entity was absent. The bureaucratic framework needs to be structured such that autonomy is created between ethical enforcement and the business, rather than mutual dependence."
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Salem Witch Trials of Massachusetts, 2006.
A review of the Salem Witchcraft Trials that occurred in 1692.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the 1692 Salem Witchcraft Trials and the social psychology that dominated during this period. This paper discusses the cultural perspective of the sociology of the time that created distrust and lack of interconnected social fabric breeding. This paper also indicates that skepticism and fear dictated people's belief systems, moralities, influenced their identities and affected their interrelationships.
Contents:
Introduction
Social Psychology and Religion in the Witch Trials
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The witchcraft trials held during 1692 resulted in roughly 150 accusations and 19 executions of victims proclaimed to be witches (Salem 1). The out of control behaviors demonstrated by young women during the trials was more the result of environmental factors, perhaps including dietary deficiencies and group think than the result of actual witchery (Salem 1). The religious beliefs that dominated during the witch trials, those of the New England Puritans, helps explain why culturally members of society blamed witchery and enchantment by the devil for the woman's behavior rather than seek scientific evidence to explain bizarre behaviors demonstrated by the afflicted.
Religious leaders are also to blame for the hyper reaction many people living in Salem had to the irregular behaviors demonstrated during the trials. Many suggest that ministers acted on "the superstitious beliefs of the masses" (Gragg 208) in an effort to influence the masses toward certain religious leanings. The New England Puritans living during the time of the witch trials were if nothing else "zealously obedient to the admonishment from the apostle Peter" who suggested that citizens must be vigilant and sober as the devil "walketh about seeking whom he may devour" (National Geographic 1). "
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Ethics in Marketing, 2006.
A discussion of the ethical and legal requirements of providing product information to the consumer.
2,082 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of ethics in advertising. It discusses the issue of how much information a company should be required to divulge to the consumer about a particular product from the point of view of the law, as well as from an ethical position. The paper also discusses the concept of ethics and providing information in relation to the U.S. government of today.
From the Paper
"Granted, there is no course or class that teaches young consumers how to be discerning and rational when it comes to influential advertising. Unless a student is particularly interested enough to take classes in commercial art or ethics, the fact that most advertising is pure and simple persuasion can easily go over his or her head. The most vulnerable, of course, are teenagers, evidenced by the tendency to buy expensive jeans made from torn, worn and damaged fabric. Teens, who are beginning to have their own income sources, are not old enough to have been burned by deceptive advertising, and are still children enough to swallow whole the fairy tale advertising that they are fed through the media. Sadly, cartoonish characters like Joe Camel can influence destructive behavior. But Joe is a "form of commercial poetry," and the cigarette package clearly states that smokers can die from lung disease (Gordon 404)."
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"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", 2006.
A discussion of "Sir Gawain and The Green Knight" and morality.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the poem "Sir Gawain and The Green Knight". It discusses the way in which the poem explores the conflict between instinct and nature and the higher order of chivalric and Christian morals. It also refers to the poem as essentially a quest for knowledge and enlightenment.
Table of Contents:
Pagan morality
Chivalry and morality
Christian morality
From the Paper
"On the one hand Bertilak is a figure who can be linkied to nature in his intensive activity; in contrast to Gawain who seems to be inert in his mode of civilized behavior. "Bertilak engages in an expenditure of physical energy, while Gawain, immobilized, suffers a trial both of moral constancy and mannered courtesy. Bertilak's arena is nature, Gawain's society," (Conrad 22). As the Green Knight and Bertilak are one and the same, this also emphasizes the symbol of natural growth and nature, as opposed to civilized manners, in the color green."
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Decision Making, 2005.
A review of literature on the topic of decision making.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the consequences of decision making. It also reviews literature to highlight different types of decisions, pragmatic, ethical, to name a few. In the conclusion, the author of the paper offers a personal opinion on the topic.
From the Paper
"Besides the Silver Rule, Sagan describes the Brass and Iron Rules. The Brass Rule is common: do unto others as they do unto you. If a kid punches you in the schoolyard, punch back. If a person points a gun, you take yours out. The Brass Rule mirrors the Golden Rule in that both are ripe for corruption and devastation. The Iron Rule, however, is worse. As Sagan states, the Iron Rule is essentially the same thing as "He who has the hold makes the rules." Few persons have the social status, let alone the moral inclination, to perfectly enact the Iron Rule."
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The Ethics Debate, 2006.
This paper describes the court cases accusing Yahoo and Match.com of unethical practices in their Internet dating services.
2,588 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the ethical issues and theories in these cases where they were gaining financial advantage by misleading the customers. The paper discusses ethical practices for Internet companies that are easy to implement and maintains that the social responsibility of taking appropriate actions by members and Internet companies can help solve the unintended problems. The paper concludes with two questions to ponder. Should adult oriented sites be made available on subscription only to protect children? Is it ethical to charge poor countries' students and children the same amount as the US for educational materials such as software in the name of intellectual property rights?
Outline:
Parties to this Ethical Case
The Ethical Issues in this Case
Ethics Theories Involved in this Case
Stakeholder in a Question of Ethics
Ethical Alternatives in Dating Companies Case
Evaluation of Alternatives
Justification of the Proposed Alternatives
Suggestions for Studies on Ethics
From the Paper
"In this violation of trust and ethics case parties to the case are customers and potential customers of these dating sites as those who are being misled, dating agencies stand accused of violating the ethics of business by misleading the general public and attempting to gain business by false pretences. The cases lodged in November 2005 accuse Yahoo and Match.com of unethical practices in their Internet dating services. Although the cases have been filed by two individuals the ethics in question apply to all consumers of the two services."
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Ethical Investing, 2006.
This paper explains the concept of ethical investing and why it is so important.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ethical investing is investing in companies that are ethical and promote moral values to its people, its clients and customers. The paper continues by explaining that there are no uniform standards. Every individual has his own idea, choice and concept of what is ethical and what is unethical. The paper offers a definition that anything that can harm is unethical and provides several guidelines that can be helpful to assure that the investment is ethical. The paper also includes the social view on ethical investing, that it is important ethical investing is encouraged because we should all be responsible to our society.
From the Paper
"It is not, on the other hand, just the moral status and standards that a company promotes that investors look for when investing ethically. Of course, the investors require that the company they invest at can provide them with quick returns of investments, competitive returns of investments, and secured method of investing. That is, investors who invest ethically have the goals of being able to earn without going through unethical business procedures or operations. Beal (2005) and her colleagues also suggest that some motivations of investing ethically are the objectives of attaining non-wealth returns and being able to contribute to the society."
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Ethical Analysis of a Medical Situation, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of a medical error and its ethical issues.
3,110 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the case of a young patient who received a heart-lung transplant. However, there was a medical mistake and the patient ultimately was declared legally brain dead, removed from life support and subsequently died. The paper discusses the facts of the situation in more depth and analyzes the ethical medical issues that were involved.
Table of Contents:
Relevant Information
Ethical Problem Statement
Identification of Ethical Issues
Selection of Ethical Framework
Analysis and Justification
Counterarguments
Action to be Taken
Completion and Evaluation of Action
From the Paper
"There are other ways of looking at the situation and so counterarguments could be made. The first counterargument likely to be made is that the physicians and facility made an error and caused the condition of the patient. Therefore, they have a responsibility to restore the condition of the patient. This may be a valid argument if the patient is considered in isolation. However, the nature of the demand for transplant organs means that the patient is not the only consideration. Giving the patient a second set of organs means that another person does not receive them. With thousands of people dying because they do not receive a transplant in time, it is not valid to focus only on the patient while ignoring the bigger picture."
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Enron, 2006.
A discussion of the Enron scandal.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a general discussion on Enron and continues to provide the details of the scandal surrounding the company. It explains the organizational structure of the scandal and it also names names of those involved. In the conclusion, it explains that the Enron scandal is a classic example of accounting fraud and discusses the disastrous economic, political and social consequences of such financial manipulation .
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Enron Scandal
Character Personae
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The financial manipulation and deception started from the top management and involved partner firms and auditors. Enron created and partnered with companies such as RADR, Chewco, and Southampton in order to divert money and hide debts. RADR sold windmills to Enron, and sold these windmills back to RADR for a profit that was pocketed by Enron officials. Chewco was formed by Enron's top executives in order to buy shares from California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS). The partnership was then used to transfer Enron's debts to Chewco's. Lastly, Southampton was used by several executives to divert around $19 million to their own pockets."
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From Natural Law to Human Rights, 2006.
This essay explores how human rights grew from natural rights.
4,511 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer declares that early proponents of natural law argued that people have common sense and are born with an intuitive knowledge of right and wrong. This paper discusses that human rights are those rights that are based on human nature. The writer examines how human rights grew from natural rights. It argues that conceptions of right and wrong are not based on an unchanging, eternal order, but are negotiable; that is, open to revision as the years go by and times change. It is seen, for example, how women and children have used natural rights arguments to gain rights that formerly were denied them.
The writer concludes that human rights have evolved from natural law and natural rights and that human rights are intimately connected to morality and ethics.
Outline:
Introduction
Natural Law and the Concept of Rights
Changing the Law in Response to a New Moral Awareness
Human Rights for Women
Juvenile Death Penalty
Rights versus Utilitarianism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More than anyone else the philosopher John Locke influenced the shape and form of democracy in the United States. He argued that human beings have certain fundamental rights, which governments cannot take away. He argued that no individual has a natural right to rule over others, and that a person's natural state is a state of freedom. Freedom, he explained, was not the same as license or permission to do whatever one wants; rather, freedom is based on the "law of reason which places precise limits on our behavior". Not everyone is able to enjoy their natural rights because other people and the government sometimes violate them; therefore, Locke suggested that men assemble and choose leaders who can be trusted to protect their natural rights. The primary function of government ought to be to protect the natural rights of its citizens, to protect citizens from other states, and to establish and maintain internal order. He suggested that oppressive governments (governments that had broken trust with the people) could, and should, be overthrown; in other words, sometimes, revolution is justified--especially if the government violates the natural rights of its citizens. In questions where natural rights are not the issue, then the will of the majority should prevail. His ideas profoundly inspired the Founding Fathers and the Declaration of Independence; moreover, the Constitution was written mainly to protect the people's rights from government interference, to insure internal order, and to establish defense."
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Ethical Business Practices, 2006.
This paper discusses the need for businesses to establish codes of ethics.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper points out that almost everyday the media covers another organization being accused or investigated for ethical violations. These events around the world have heightened everyone's awareness of ethical business practices. The paper discusses how to establish a business code of ethics and relates that it is a complicated process that needs to be backed by everyone in the organization. The paper stresses that in order to be successful, businesses have to have more than written standards. The paper concludes that as companies become more global, formal ethics programs are becoming even more essential. The "smart" organizations will develop their policies now so they are better prepared for challenges to come.
From the Paper
"There is a good deal of evidence that most people value ethical behavior so much that they will find some way to punish those whom they believe are behaving unethically and reward those who are perceived as ethical (Velasquez 1996). Social psychology research has concluded that people in all kinds of social situations react to perceived injustices with distress and will try to eliminate this distress by restoring justice. On the other hand, they are attracted to just organizations and will reward them with loyalty and commitment. Employees who believe or actually see that their company's dealings are unjust, will exhibit higher absenteeism and turnover and lower productivity and demand higher wages (Vesasquez 1996). However, if employees feel that an organization's decision-making is just, they will exhibit lower levels of turnover, decreased numbers of absenteeism, higher levels of trust, and more commitment to the organization, as well as demand lower wages (Folger, & Konovsky). Further, when employees believe that their company is just, they are more willing to follow the organization's managers. Likewise, customers will turn against a company if they perceive a gross injustice in the way it conducts business and will lower their desire to purchase its products (Brockner, Tyler & Schneider)."
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Rape and Virtue in the Media, 2006.
This paper discusses the depiction of rape and virtue in the media.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses three different sources regarding the subject of rape and virtue. Women and society are looked at in this article. The writer discusses how rape is viewed in society and the many implicated meanings it has in the minds of both men and women. The writer concludes that the articles discussed in this paper indicate a society that prides itself on its advancement and openness, but that really is still in the Stone Age in many respects.
Outline:
Nongovernmental Organizations, "Grassroots," and the Politics of Virtue.
Toward a New Feminist Theory of Rape
Remapping the Event: Institutional Discourses and the Trauma of Rape
From the Paper
"The author's research began right after apartheid ended, and so covers a time of "historical transformation" in the country and in women's lives. The author admits there were many changes to the country after apartheid ended, but more importantly, many things did not change, including women's networks and their empowerment of other women.
She notes that women's organizations were included in the new government, which gave women new opportunities to lead. It also gave them opportunities to network on a global scale with other women, and this also opens up many questions. How do women pick and choose who to nurture and support and who not to? Ultimately, at least some of this nurturing is based not on need, but on women's perceptions of those who are "virtuous" or "deserving" and those who are not. They make choices based on women who are "trying to help themselves" rather than women who are needy or seem to "beg" for aid from others. In other words, they may choose to help one grassroots organization that seems to be worthy because it cooperates with others, but also because they meet certain requirements. For example, these women might not help a black, uneducated woman because they feel she is not doing anything to help herself, but they would help a black woman who has enrolled in school to learn English."
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The Moral Development Of Adolescents, 2006.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the moral development of adolescents.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This study emphasizes the role of faith on the moral development of adolescence. The paper discusses early studies suggesting that faith has a profound impact on young adults' conceptualization of values and beliefs, and subsequent moral development. It debates whether religion has a positive or negative impact. The paper then discusses what other factors may influence moral development including familial factors and school.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Faith in the Moral Development of Adolescents
Analysis of Literature
From the Paper
"The research available is lacking in some respects with respect to the exact effects faith has on adolescent moral development. Much of the theories presented examine whether religion influences young adolescences formation of self identity and values or belief systems. This research also links faith based practices to children's social environment, selection of peers and familial environment. The literature presented by Zern (1997) suggests that clergy may be influential in moral development, but not as influential as familial or school related influences. School related influences include the values and beliefs held by peers and the teachings available in an educational setting. This suggests that an adolescent attending a religious based academy is more likely to adopt the values and beliefs supported in the educational environment than those that might be widely accepted in the community at large."
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