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Worker Safety: At What Expense?, 2007.
The paper analyzes the Human Rights Watch group's recommendations for protecting workers in the meat and poultry industry.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the recommendations and their potential consequences for both the workers and the industry/general public. The paper explains that these recommendations, while beneficial to some, would cost others millions of dollars, as well as reduce the production speed of meat and poultry products. This paper examines each recommendation using utilitarian and deontological considerations of ethics and shows that despite the costs to the industry, the implementation of these recommendations is both necessary and ethical. The paper maintains that it is the duty of all citizens to ensure safe working conditions for all individuals, regardless of the cost involved.
From the Paper
"Examined using utilitarian ethics, this recommendation would not be supported. In terms of business decisions, utilitarianism functions almost as a cost/benefit analysis. Utilitarianism would suggest that businesses should "only undertake those actions where the benefits exceed the costs." (Hall, et al, 1991, 17). In doing so, the business owner would be balancing the costs of action (in this case, decreased production) with the benefits to the workers. Since the workers number far less than those in the consumer and business owner categories, such a move would not be one that would produce the "greatest ratio of good to evil for everyone" (Shaw and Barry, 1994, 10). Thus, utilitarianism would suggest that this action be avoided."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
This paper explores the moral questions concerning euthanasia.
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper presents several arguments, both pro and con, on the topic of euthanasia. The moral questions involved with this issue are explored, from both medical and religious perspectives. The author is in favor of the right-to-die, yet still gives an even-handed approach to the controversy.
From the Paper
"Some opponents of euthanasia have attempted to strike a middle ground, shying away from actively allowing the constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide but making a moral distinction between actively helping patients to kill themselves and withholding treatment from a terminally ill patient, such as food and water, and there thereby permitting death, what Kevin P. Glynn has called the "ethical principle of double effect," a principle that "holds that an act intended for a morally good purpose may have an unintended but permissible bad effect." (Glynn, 1999) In other words, administering drugs to hasten dying is not permissible under the physican's ideal of doing no harm, but by doing no good, and having the same effect, less active harm will be created. This is how Catholic charities often make allowances for giving pain-relieving drugs to the dying that may hasten, if not actually cause the patient's death."
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Ethics and Morality, 2006.
This paper is personal case about the author's decision, after examining society's ethical and moral values, whether or not to report friend who burned down a neighbor's home.
1,955 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that a good friend of the author has committed a heinous act by burning down the home of the neighborhood gossip, meddler and hateful person who has been a thorn in the side of the entire neighborhood for years---there is no evidence of this action, the friend will never be caught but the author must decide if he will turn the friend in. The author points out that morality is the actual feeling of doing wrong or right and society's view of certain actions; whereas, ethics is actually the study of those views and beliefs. The paper concludes that deciding what to do ethically and morally about the friend has helped the author look into his ethics and morality; he feels that the ultimate decision not to turn in the friend is the right one.
From the Paper
"There is another important, even vital consideration in turning my friend in. What is right or wrong for one person might be very different for another. One person might choose to be "compassionate" and allow my friend to keep his secret. That would not work for me. That would simply create another crime where only one occurred. Technically, I could be charged for withholding evidence, but morally, I would have let down the society that expects its members to act ethically and morally. If I act as judge and jury, and decide not to turn in my friend, I am flaunting society's rules just as much as he did, and that makes me just as guilty as he is."
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Making Americans Out of Immigrants, 2005.
A discussion regarding how to absorb immigrants successfully into American society and to educate American values.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the founders of the US Constitution believed that education was the way to instill democratic principles in young citizens who would grow up to "sustain the US experiment in liberty". The paper further discusses how immigrants had a special need because they were bringing with them their exposure to a feudal system in Europe. Thus, this paper reports how civic education of US citizens was seen as primary to making democracy work and the responsibility fell upon the public school system.
From the Paper
"There were those people who didn't believe that any amount of education could make Blacks, Asians, Catholics, Eastern Orthodox Christians, or Jews "real Americans." Real Americans were White Protestants. Although the Ku Klux Klan was an extremist hate group, its attitudes were fairly widespread, attitudes that led to laws in the mid-1920s that ended mass immigration to the United States for over 40 years. The immigrants had already made a big demographic impact on America, however. In 1900 60% of Americans were of British descent, but by 1920 that number was down to 40%. Although groups like the KKK and other advocates of ethnic nationalism challenged civic nationalism, clearly civic nationalism "dominated American life and education for the first third of the twentieth century" (Mirel, 2002a, p. 146). Most immigrant children attended public school. There they learned English, which helped them to succeed later in life. They also learned American ideals and values like freedom, democracy, and equality."
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Prostitution, 2007.
An in-depth discussion regarding the issue of prostitution.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, of all the criminally deviant behaviors, few are as widespread, occur as routinely or possess as long a history as prostitution. According to the paper, some view prostitutes as victims of a situation and/or society. The paper goes on to discuss the arguments for and against legally protecting prostitutes.
From the Paper
"By contrast, the standpoint of evolutionary psychology would inevitably indicate that certain individuals, upon birth, are more prone to become child abusers than others. Although socialization and social controls may exist, the evolutionary psychologist would be weary of contending that social controls do anything more than inhibit behavior; they fail to eliminate innate human drives: "Because evolved mechanisms were adaptive to ancestral environments, they are not always adaptive for contemporary people," (Bjorklund 1687). So while it may be possible, from this point of view, for an individual possessing a genetic predisposition towards sexual aggression to never act upon these impulses, this may tell us very little about precisely who is likely to abuse children. But despite the possible accuracy of the evolutionary psychology theory regarding child abuse, it is very limited in being able to provide information about why child abuse occurs--their answer would be simply that it is innate. Accordingly, if it is innate, then society has no justification for prosecuting pedophiles or violent parents; it was the way they were born."
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Euthanasia, 2007.
A look at the sensitive issue of euthanasia and a discussion regarding the issues surrounding life and death.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of euthanasia. According to the paper such an idea seems to be the opposite of sensible thinking, especially at a time when medical miracles seem to occur every day. However, the paper further discusses how some people feel that it is those medical miracles that cause euthanasia to be a desirable option for some people, because these medical miracles can extend life beyond the point where life is tolerable.
From the Paper
"There is no doubt that we must have some curbs on personal freedom. For instance, the United States actively supports freedom of speech, but that freedom ends if it holds the potential to harm others. Therefore we can give a speech criticizing government policy, but we cannot go into a crowded movie theater and shout "Fire!" just because we felt like it. The other people's reactions to the danger a fire in a crowded theater represents could result in injuries, not to mention interfering with their right to freedom of speech as expressed by their choice to watch that movie.
However, over the centuries, both personal and legal opinions of where the line must be drawn curbing personal freedoms has shifted on a variety of issues. Seventy-five years ago, homosexual acts constituted criminal behavior. At one time such an interpretation was widely accepted although today the great majority of people believe that people's sexual behavior is nearly always no business of the government's."
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Ethics in the Workplace, 2007.
An analysis of the arguments for and against monitoring both the work and personal lives of employees.
2,358 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the monitoring of employees and evaluating, not only their on-the-job performance, work habits and productivity, but also their personality traits, lifestyle choices and non-work related activities. The paper presents the opinions for and against such monitoring, examines the arguments and evaluates the philosophical and practical viability of increased surveillance versus protected privacy among employees.
From the Paper
"This excess of medical information obtained by standard "drug tests," say privacy authorities, violates an employee's right to keep medical conditions and treatments private from their place of employment. The violation of individual privacy is inherent in a test which determines whether or not a woman is pregnant, perhaps before she herself knows, especially on the basis of trying to find out if she has been exposed to illicit substances in the past. Previous cases have ruled that employers have no right to know a woman's fertility status, and that such information in no way can be used to make hiring or termination decisions, assigned duties, or promotion determinations (Dooley and Prause, 2005)."
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Plagiarism, 2006.
This paper discusses the concepts of plagiarism and integrity.
1,573 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a definition of plagiarism and discusses how two groups are particularly concerned with plagiarism of the written word; universities and the media. The paper discusses these two situations and presents an example of a journalist who was penalized for plagiarism. The paper examines how problems associated with plagiarism are complex and not as clear-cut as might be assumed. Different people may define plagiarism differently and the definition decides whether a person actually plagiarized or not. The paper concludes that educating students in depth about the nature of plagiarism and how to avoid it could be a good first step to allowing a university to deal effectively with the issue of plagiarism.
Outline:
Definition
Example
Plagiarism in College
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Looking at various articles on the topic showed a variety of definitions. One writer said that academically, making an honest mistake does not constitute plagiarism. This writer defined plagiarism as a "dishonest process that requires a methodical approach of its own (Hinkson, 2002). Applying such a standard to the definition clarifies its status as intellectual theft and shows its relationship to other forms of theft, where the thief works from a plan and intends to steal."
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The Dilemma of Beacheaven, 2006.
A look at the dilemma the community of Beacheaven face when electing a new police captain.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the community of Beacheaven and the issues they face when electing a new police captain. According to this paper, Beacheaven has always taken pride in aiming to increase the representation of females and minorities within their community. This paper reports that the Concerned Citizens Coalition will decide to rally for an affirmative action solution.
From the Paper
"The city of Beacheaven took a positive step in announcing their affirmative action plan and it should be noted that any positive action would always have a group of people opposing it. When the city announced its plan it should carry it out without caring about any legal action. Such actions are important to reduce the act of discrimination that is prevalent in our society today. "Employment discrimination experts agree that antidiscrimination laws such as the Civil Rights Act encourage, and in many instances require, affirmative action" (Forman, 1991). Affirmative action is necessary and people from the minorities should be brought up to higher ranks and highly paid jobs rather than left concentrated at lower paid jobs. Opportunity should be given to them so that they can excel and make their living standards better. Equal opportunity should be present for all the races in the United States. Moreover, gender discrimination should also be subtracted and men and women should have equal job opportunities. Affirmative action is being taken by many nations of the world because they realize its importance. "India, for example, has undertaken affirmative action initiatives in regard to disfavored castes that are both older and more extensive than any program ventured in the United States" (Ginsburg, 2000). Its 1950 constitution boldly affirms affirmative action because it realizes that equal opportunity should be presented to all the castes and races in India."
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A Critique of The Ford Motor Company, 2006.
An argumentative essay on the Ford Motor Company and utilitarianism, using excerpts from John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty".
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper describes Ford Motor Company as following a utilitarian doctrine. The writer proposes that the case study, of Ford Motor Company's manufacturing a Pinto vehicle without a safety device, clearly exemplifies some of chief moral objections to the doctrine of utilitarianism. The writer examines the moral implications of this doctrine through John Stuart Mill's work, "On Liberty". The writer concludes that Ford's negligence exposed consumers to a series of harms that were just as threatening to those consumers' liberties as the infringement of a sovereign or a majority's will upon the rights of an individual.
From the Paper
"Mill even warns of a tyranny of the majority that must not be allowed to go unchecked. Thus, even if Ford as a company is to be equated with the majority that still does not excuse the company's heedless actions. "Apart from the peculiar tenets of individual thinkers, there is also in the world at large an increasing inclination to stretch unduly the powers of society over the individual, both by the force of opinion and even by that of legislation: and as the tendency of all the changes taking place in the world is to strengthen society, and diminish the power of the individual, this encroachment is not one of the evils which tend spontaneously to disappear, but, on the contrary, to grow more and more formidable." "
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Medical Technology, 2006.
A discussion on the pros and cons of medical advancements in nanotechnology and therapies.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses new medical technology and advancement, from the approach of Bill McKibben, in his book "Enough". The paper discusses nanotechnology and its uses and well as various types of therapies, particularly germ-line therapy. The paper describes the pros and cons of these medical advancements and whether we may achieve more in the future.
From the Paper
"McKibben actually sees a number of bad outcomes to the use of this technology, from the end of much of the existing economy to a possibility of the technology getting out of hand and reproducing itself to the detriment of all life. He sees an imbalance between technology and humanity that is the real threat."
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Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", 2005.
This paper discusses Mary Shelley's attitude toward science as presented in her ageless masterpiece, "Frankenstein".
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, a century or two later, Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", which is a clever perception of what careless use of science could do to mankind, is a prophetic vision that was way ahead of its time. The author points out that science was an important theme in Shelly's days when modern scientists started showing an interest in the workings of nature; however, the Church was against such prodding and believed that only God needed to know how intricately things worked and that man need not meddle with nature, which also appears to be Shelley's advocacy in this book. The paper suggests that Frankenstein cannot believe that his careless use of science would produce such horrifying results thus raising an issue of responsibility in the use of science similar to the anxiety of today on the subject of cloning.
From the Paper
"In Frankenstein's case, we understand that his obsession of creating a human being was grounded in purely egoistic beliefs. He was hungry for fame and power and wanted to be above everyone else. He actually felt that he was far superior to other people and felt that science would allow him to dominate the society. He hopes to use his creation as a slave or a servant when he proclaims: "..." Like a person who is impressed by social status and rank, Victor also possesses a desire to rise above the common heard and be counted as an important person."
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AIDS, 2006.
A discussion on discrimination towards homosexual people, due to a fear of HIV/AIDS.
840 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a case study, discussing the issue of discrimination towards people with HIV and AIDS. It discusses the ambulance service avoiding gay houses and the implications of this as a violation of the sex and AIDS discrimination ordinance. The paper discusses the ramifications for a social worker who knows the issue and her ethical responsibilities in this case.
From the Paper
"In this case, Jody is faced with competing ethical values. On the one hand, by his profession and by common social standards he has to fight AIDS discrimination without any consideration of the authority or the social stature of the culpable persons.[NASW] This would involve taking legal actions and publicizing the wrongful behavior of the city council president and the ambulance drivers. Since the ambulance drivers in this case are in flagrant violation of the code of ethics attached to their profession they do not merit any consideration or leniency."
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The Morning-After Pill, 2006.
An debate on the moral legitimacy of the morning-after pill.
871 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper proposes that birth control would prevent the 800,000 abortions performed annually in the United States. The writer describes how the availability of new emergency birth control, the morning-after pill, has caused the anti-abortion forces to swing into full gear with cries of "immoral" and "irresponsible." The writer argues that for more than 60 million American women of childbearing age, more than half of whom wish to avoid pregnancy, the morning after pill is a product they need and want. The paper explores what the pill is and how it works, answers some of the objections to it, and explains why it is needed.
From the Paper
"Those opposed to the morning after pill say it is just another blow to families. Neff (1997), for example, complains that it was not manufacturers who wanted FDA approval for a morning after pill, but "the so-called women's groups--political advocates of a narcissistic individualism who want to sever sex and its pleasures from reproduction and its responsibilities" (p. 11). If this is so, if it was women themselves who called for emergency contraception, it shows that women want and demand control over their bodies and reproductive capacity."
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