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The Ethics Debate, 2006.
This paper describes the court cases accusing Yahoo and Match.com of unethical practices in their Internet dating services.
2,588 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the ethical issues and theories in these cases where they were gaining financial advantage by misleading the customers. The paper discusses ethical practices for Internet companies that are easy to implement and maintains that the social responsibility of taking appropriate actions by members and Internet companies can help solve the unintended problems. The paper concludes with two questions to ponder. Should adult oriented sites be made available on subscription only to protect children? Is it ethical to charge poor countries' students and children the same amount as the US for educational materials such as software in the name of intellectual property rights?
Outline:
Parties to this Ethical Case
The Ethical Issues in this Case
Ethics Theories Involved in this Case
Stakeholder in a Question of Ethics
Ethical Alternatives in Dating Companies Case
Evaluation of Alternatives
Justification of the Proposed Alternatives
Suggestions for Studies on Ethics
From the Paper
"In this violation of trust and ethics case parties to the case are customers and potential customers of these dating sites as those who are being misled, dating agencies stand accused of violating the ethics of business by misleading the general public and attempting to gain business by false pretences. The cases lodged in November 2005 accuse Yahoo and Match.com of unethical practices in their Internet dating services. Although the cases have been filed by two individuals the ethics in question apply to all consumers of the two services."
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Ethical Investing, 2006.
This paper explains the concept of ethical investing and why it is so important.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how ethical investing is investing in companies that are ethical and promote moral values to its people, its clients and customers. The paper continues by explaining that there are no uniform standards. Every individual has his own idea, choice and concept of what is ethical and what is unethical. The paper offers a definition that anything that can harm is unethical and provides several guidelines that can be helpful to assure that the investment is ethical. The paper also includes the social view on ethical investing, that it is important ethical investing is encouraged because we should all be responsible to our society.
From the Paper
"It is not, on the other hand, just the moral status and standards that a company promotes that investors look for when investing ethically. Of course, the investors require that the company they invest at can provide them with quick returns of investments, competitive returns of investments, and secured method of investing. That is, investors who invest ethically have the goals of being able to earn without going through unethical business procedures or operations. Beal (2005) and her colleagues also suggest that some motivations of investing ethically are the objectives of attaining non-wealth returns and being able to contribute to the society."
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Ethical Analysis of a Medical Situation, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of a medical error and its ethical issues.
3,110 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the case of a young patient who received a heart-lung transplant. However, there was a medical mistake and the patient ultimately was declared legally brain dead, removed from life support and subsequently died. The paper discusses the facts of the situation in more depth and analyzes the ethical medical issues that were involved.
Table of Contents:
Relevant Information
Ethical Problem Statement
Identification of Ethical Issues
Selection of Ethical Framework
Analysis and Justification
Counterarguments
Action to be Taken
Completion and Evaluation of Action
From the Paper
"There are other ways of looking at the situation and so counterarguments could be made. The first counterargument likely to be made is that the physicians and facility made an error and caused the condition of the patient. Therefore, they have a responsibility to restore the condition of the patient. This may be a valid argument if the patient is considered in isolation. However, the nature of the demand for transplant organs means that the patient is not the only consideration. Giving the patient a second set of organs means that another person does not receive them. With thousands of people dying because they do not receive a transplant in time, it is not valid to focus only on the patient while ignoring the bigger picture."
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Enron, 2006.
A discussion of the Enron scandal.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a general discussion on Enron and continues to provide the details of the scandal surrounding the company. It explains the organizational structure of the scandal and it also names names of those involved. In the conclusion, it explains that the Enron scandal is a classic example of accounting fraud and discusses the disastrous economic, political and social consequences of such financial manipulation .
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Enron Scandal
Character Personae
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The financial manipulation and deception started from the top management and involved partner firms and auditors. Enron created and partnered with companies such as RADR, Chewco, and Southampton in order to divert money and hide debts. RADR sold windmills to Enron, and sold these windmills back to RADR for a profit that was pocketed by Enron officials. Chewco was formed by Enron's top executives in order to buy shares from California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS). The partnership was then used to transfer Enron's debts to Chewco's. Lastly, Southampton was used by several executives to divert around $19 million to their own pockets."
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From Natural Law to Human Rights, 2006.
This essay explores how human rights grew from natural rights.
4,511 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 80.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer declares that early proponents of natural law argued that people have common sense and are born with an intuitive knowledge of right and wrong. This paper discusses that human rights are those rights that are based on human nature. The writer examines how human rights grew from natural rights. It argues that conceptions of right and wrong are not based on an unchanging, eternal order, but are negotiable; that is, open to revision as the years go by and times change. It is seen, for example, how women and children have used natural rights arguments to gain rights that formerly were denied them.
The writer concludes that human rights have evolved from natural law and natural rights and that human rights are intimately connected to morality and ethics.
Outline:
Introduction
Natural Law and the Concept of Rights
Changing the Law in Response to a New Moral Awareness
Human Rights for Women
Juvenile Death Penalty
Rights versus Utilitarianism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More than anyone else the philosopher John Locke influenced the shape and form of democracy in the United States. He argued that human beings have certain fundamental rights, which governments cannot take away. He argued that no individual has a natural right to rule over others, and that a person's natural state is a state of freedom. Freedom, he explained, was not the same as license or permission to do whatever one wants; rather, freedom is based on the "law of reason which places precise limits on our behavior". Not everyone is able to enjoy their natural rights because other people and the government sometimes violate them; therefore, Locke suggested that men assemble and choose leaders who can be trusted to protect their natural rights. The primary function of government ought to be to protect the natural rights of its citizens, to protect citizens from other states, and to establish and maintain internal order. He suggested that oppressive governments (governments that had broken trust with the people) could, and should, be overthrown; in other words, sometimes, revolution is justified--especially if the government violates the natural rights of its citizens. In questions where natural rights are not the issue, then the will of the majority should prevail. His ideas profoundly inspired the Founding Fathers and the Declaration of Independence; moreover, the Constitution was written mainly to protect the people's rights from government interference, to insure internal order, and to establish defense."
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Ethical Business Practices, 2006.
This paper discusses the need for businesses to establish codes of ethics.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper points out that almost everyday the media covers another organization being accused or investigated for ethical violations. These events around the world have heightened everyone's awareness of ethical business practices. The paper discusses how to establish a business code of ethics and relates that it is a complicated process that needs to be backed by everyone in the organization. The paper stresses that in order to be successful, businesses have to have more than written standards. The paper concludes that as companies become more global, formal ethics programs are becoming even more essential. The "smart" organizations will develop their policies now so they are better prepared for challenges to come.
From the Paper
"There is a good deal of evidence that most people value ethical behavior so much that they will find some way to punish those whom they believe are behaving unethically and reward those who are perceived as ethical (Velasquez 1996). Social psychology research has concluded that people in all kinds of social situations react to perceived injustices with distress and will try to eliminate this distress by restoring justice. On the other hand, they are attracted to just organizations and will reward them with loyalty and commitment. Employees who believe or actually see that their company's dealings are unjust, will exhibit higher absenteeism and turnover and lower productivity and demand higher wages (Vesasquez 1996). However, if employees feel that an organization's decision-making is just, they will exhibit lower levels of turnover, decreased numbers of absenteeism, higher levels of trust, and more commitment to the organization, as well as demand lower wages (Folger, & Konovsky). Further, when employees believe that their company is just, they are more willing to follow the organization's managers. Likewise, customers will turn against a company if they perceive a gross injustice in the way it conducts business and will lower their desire to purchase its products (Brockner, Tyler & Schneider)."
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Rape and Virtue in the Media, 2006.
This paper discusses the depiction of rape and virtue in the media.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses three different sources regarding the subject of rape and virtue. Women and society are looked at in this article. The writer discusses how rape is viewed in society and the many implicated meanings it has in the minds of both men and women. The writer concludes that the articles discussed in this paper indicate a society that prides itself on its advancement and openness, but that really is still in the Stone Age in many respects.
Outline:
Nongovernmental Organizations, "Grassroots," and the Politics of Virtue.
Toward a New Feminist Theory of Rape
Remapping the Event: Institutional Discourses and the Trauma of Rape
From the Paper
"The author's research began right after apartheid ended, and so covers a time of "historical transformation" in the country and in women's lives. The author admits there were many changes to the country after apartheid ended, but more importantly, many things did not change, including women's networks and their empowerment of other women.
She notes that women's organizations were included in the new government, which gave women new opportunities to lead. It also gave them opportunities to network on a global scale with other women, and this also opens up many questions. How do women pick and choose who to nurture and support and who not to? Ultimately, at least some of this nurturing is based not on need, but on women's perceptions of those who are "virtuous" or "deserving" and those who are not. They make choices based on women who are "trying to help themselves" rather than women who are needy or seem to "beg" for aid from others. In other words, they may choose to help one grassroots organization that seems to be worthy because it cooperates with others, but also because they meet certain requirements. For example, these women might not help a black, uneducated woman because they feel she is not doing anything to help herself, but they would help a black woman who has enrolled in school to learn English."
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The Moral Development Of Adolescents, 2006.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the moral development of adolescents.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This study emphasizes the role of faith on the moral development of adolescence. The paper discusses early studies suggesting that faith has a profound impact on young adults' conceptualization of values and beliefs, and subsequent moral development. It debates whether religion has a positive or negative impact. The paper then discusses what other factors may influence moral development including familial factors and school.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Faith in the Moral Development of Adolescents
Analysis of Literature
From the Paper
"The research available is lacking in some respects with respect to the exact effects faith has on adolescent moral development. Much of the theories presented examine whether religion influences young adolescences formation of self identity and values or belief systems. This research also links faith based practices to children's social environment, selection of peers and familial environment. The literature presented by Zern (1997) suggests that clergy may be influential in moral development, but not as influential as familial or school related influences. School related influences include the values and beliefs held by peers and the teachings available in an educational setting. This suggests that an adolescent attending a religious based academy is more likely to adopt the values and beliefs supported in the educational environment than those that might be widely accepted in the community at large."
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Chinese Business Communication, 2006.
This paper discusses Chinese business communication and the conduit metaphor.
4,665 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at communication in the Chinese business world and the conduit metaphor. The writer discusses that a global code of general ethics and basic business communication is increasingly being accepted by all countries, regardless of the diversity of their cultures. In this way the same principles of democracy in business have become applicable to all countries from the West to the East of the world. The writer notes that this paradigm is however not without its difficulties and certain business principles, such as the conduit metaphor, are still an acceptable practice within certain countries.
The writer contends that globalization and communication technology thus complicates matters of business communication when two divergent countries attempt to engage in business together.
The writer concludes that it can be understood that Chinese businesses should learn to foster more open and honest communication channels for the sake of corporate survival in the international arena.
From the Paper
"It is of primary importance to accept responsibility for one's business practices in the public eye in order to ensure public trust. This results in sound business practices and more beneficial business for both the company involved and the public they serve. However, any organization, whether corporate or government, that views communication in terms of a conduit metaphor, will hold the incorrect view that certain information can be kept away from public scrutiny. This is so because, according to the conduit metaphor theory, communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter. There is therefore no room for possible human error in either transmitting or receiving the message. It is also irrelevant for the purposes of communication to know whether the transmission occurred via human or electronic means. The theory assumes that successful communication has occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. In other words, information that is put into the right words will be easily communicable. Any extraneous information that follows the correct one can thus be eliminated as unwanted "noise"."
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PSYOPS and War, 2006.
A discussion on the impact of psychological operations on war.
2,714 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the importance of the media in modern PSYOPS during warfare. The paper analyzes how the media can act as a supporting agent contributing to the success or failure of military PSYOPS during war, evidenced by the bountiful images and commentaries medial moguls, including CNN, thrust over television, radio and the news media during war. The paper shows how millions of people use their televisions as a primary method of information acquisition in today's society and, as such, it makes sense that during times of war military agents should reach out to their target audience using this effective and inexpensive form of media. The paper concludes that PSYOPS will prove truly beneficial to the global community of military agents, if they can determine ways to use this tool to keep peace and avoid bloodshed.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
PSYOPS And War
Media, PSYOPS And War
Limitations of PSYOPS
Conclusions/Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"Military units not taking advantage of PSYOPS during war are less likely to succeed than their PSYOPS using counterparts. Rather than toiling away like slaves in the battlefield [trope: simile] modern military agents can play mind games and defeat their audience from the comfort of their camp. This paper will discuss the various advantages of psychological operations in war, the tools that military personnel can use to enhance PSYOPS including use of the media, and potential limitations of PSYOP's both in war and ruing peace."
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Artificial Nutrition and Hydration, 2006.
A discussion on the administration of artificial nutrition and hydration to patients.
4,344 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews literature on the debate of administering artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) to terminal or comatose patients. The paper offers an extensive discussion on the opinions of those both for and against administration. It explores the views of science and medicine and expands on religious, moral and ethical ideas on the topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A feeding tube brings benefits to a temporarily ill person who cannot swallow and is hungry or thirsty (FamilyDoctor.org 2005). Dehydration or a lack of sufficient fluids in the body can make a person confused and giving him fluids and nutrition can help as he recovers. But a person with an advanced life-threatening illness and is dying may not derive many benefits from ANH, which can extend life but not always. Moreover, there are risks to tube feeding. The liquid being administered may enter the lungs and cause coughing and pneumonia. These feeding tubes can also cause discomfort. They can get plugged up and cause pain, nausea and vomiting or infections. The patient may also tend to pull the feeding tube out. The patient's medical condition, in combination with the risks and benefits of ANH, should be the basis for a decision on whether to administer it. Every situation is different from another (FamilyDoctor.org)."
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Stem Cell Research, 2006.
This paper discusses stem cell research and issues that such research raises.
2,278 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses the controversy surrounding stem cell research and cloning that has caused a great amount of debate and concern throughout the world. The writer notes that stem cell research offers the possibility of renewing body parts and curing life-threatening and debilitating ailments such as Parkinson's disease. At the same time, stem cell research is a problem that confronts human society on many levels - including religious, ethical, psychological and sociological areas.
The writer concludes that the debate about stem cell research seems to fluctuate between two extreme viewpoints. Notwithstanding the various scientific objections, those who object to stem cell research make an important point in that this form of research may have a profound impact on social morals and norms and therefore should not be entered into lightly and without considerable debate. On the other hand, the advances that have been made with regard to stem cell research and the possibilities that it offers for sufferers of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, also offer a telling argument for the cautious advancement of this form of medical research.
From the Paper
"One of the most serious assertions against stem cell research and cloning in general is that it threatens the disruption and even the destruction of human institutions such as the family and parenting. On another related level, cloning is sometimes viewed as a threat to religious perceptions and challenges the very meaning of what it is to be a human being. Stem cell research therefore presents two main areas for debate. The first is the medical argument that it holds the real possibility of curing serious diseases and ailments. On the other hand as part of the larger cloning debate it raises numerous ethical, moral and social questions."
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Business Ethics, 2006.
A discussion of ethical behavior in the work place.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of ethics within business. It begins by discussing ethics in general and how one comes to behave ethically and then focuses on ethics in the business setting. The paper examines the roles of the manger and human resources team in ensuring ethical behavior at work. The paper relates ethics to religion and care of one's fellow man.
From the Paper
"With time, the role of women has gained increasing importance in organizations. Hence people have been looking into sex differences in management and business ethics. Exclusive managerial qualities, skills and a feminine style of management is brought to an organization by a woman. There is a difference in organizational behaviors and interests between a man and a woman and hence their response to a given situation would also be different. A female manager will exhibit different leadership and problem solving qualities than the male counterpart. Some suggest that this is reason good enough to have women as managers. Others say that women are more ethical than men. In a study it was "found that saleswomen were less likely to engage in unethical selling practices than salesmen" (Maureen L. Ambrose and Marshall Schminke, p.454)."
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The Moral Dimensions of Punishment, 2005.
A philosophical and ethics-based debate on the moral justification of punishment by the state.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the moral implications of punishment within the judicial system. The paper focuses on three areas of punishment: capital punishment, imprisonment in maximum security facilities, and the surveillance of sex-offenders. The writer concludes that although the criminal must be held responsible and accountable for his/her crimes against society, as human beings, we should ask ourselves whether or not it is morally right to punish our fellow man, and whether this punishment puts us on the same moral level as a criminal who punishes his victim.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Capital Punishment
Maximum Security Confinement
The Surveillance of Sex Offenders
Conclusion
From the Paper
"More recently, law enforcement officials and state governments have begun surveillance programs for sex offenders in the form of ankle bracelets which monitor their every move or perhaps house arrest with constant video camera surveillance. Since the majority of these sex offenders target children as their victims, the morality of such surveillance is redundant, for it has been shown that surveillance techniques decrease the incidents of sexual crime and thus make our communities safer for children."
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