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Medical Ethics, 2007.
An analysis of the the pros and cons of stimulant therapy for children with ADHD.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between drugs, children and behavioral control. The paper provides an exploratory analysis of the literature currently available with regard to the clinical utility of using stimulant medication to treat children with ADHD. The researcher concludes that more studies are necessary to determine whether children would benefit more from behavioral interventions than from medication treatment.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Current Situational Analysis
Recommendation
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"During the early 1980s the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1994) amended the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for evaluating children with ADHD suggesting that impulsivity and hyper motility were criteria for diagnosing this condition in children (Brogstedt et al, 1998). Borgstedt et al (1998) note that this revision came about resulting from evidence that children with these characteristics often faced problems with associative learning and other deficits that might be addressed through use of stimulant drugs. In the years following mixed results occurred when therapists or health care providers attempted to evaluate the potential benefits of using stimulant medication as a priority or front line treatment for children with ADHD. "
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The Enron Annual Report, 2007.
An analysis of the Enron Annual Report of 2000.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Enron report's sections on ethics, corporate responsibility and the organization's policies. The paper shows how the report was simply a fabrication of the truth, published for the stockholders and board members. The paper relates that if there is anything to be learned from Enron's failure, it is what not to do when rising to the top of the corporate ladder. The paper exhorts all business executives not to take their leadership and power for granted and not to use their power for evil gains.
From the Paper
"This report notes that 2000 marked many changes in the Enron Corporation. They published their first Annual Report, and they even created Corporate Responsibility Task Force. One wonders just what the Task Force actually did, and whether they reported to the Arthur Anderson auditors or Kenneth Lay directly. Whatever they did, they obviously did not accomplish many goals, as the organization's leaders took the company from success to failure in just one short year, and ruined the lives and livelihoods of thousands along the way. If there was any corporate responsibility in reality at Enron, it certainly did not exist at the top, and so, this attempt at placing Enron in a good light is simply a waste of ink and paper."
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Insurance for Respiratory Disease, 2007.
The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of placing limits on insurance claims for respiratory diseases.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how medical insurance, which is supposed to make medical treatment affordable for the working man, may be becoming unaffordable itself. This is the direct result of some high insurance claims which are sapping the medical insurance system. The paper explains that because the most common causes of respiratory disease are behaviors which the patient chose to engage in knowing that it would be detrimental to his or her health, such as smoking, many people feel that there is an ethical justification to limiting insurance claims for respiratory disease. The paper presents the arguments for and against placing limits on insurance for respiratory problems.
From the Paper
"It would be very hard for doctors to distinguish between patients who suffer from emphysema or chronic bronchitis as a result of a hereditary disease, environmental pollution, or secondhand smoke, and those who suffer from the condition as a result of smoking. Therefore it would be unfair to punish those who unfortunately suffer from the same diseases which are common in people who smoked but these people actually never engaged in smoking themselves."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
This paper examines aspects relating to stem cell research.
1,393 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that on March 02, 2006 Rick Weiss reported in The Washington Post that due to the myriad of laws and ethics rules governing human embryonic stem cell research, an international community of scientists, ethicists and others have begun to collaborate on setting out a set of universal principles that will guide stem cell research worldwide. The writer notes that among the emerging principles are that restrictions should be rare, well-justified and flexible, and that scientists should be free to work abroad if research is banned in their own country. Further, the writer discusses that the group is hoping that the principles will, over time, gain widespread acceptance much as did early declarations of human rights.
From the Paper
"In the April 02, 2005 issue of the National Journal, Neil Munro discussed the potential use of stem cells in accelerating the development of new drugs. According to James Battey, chairman of the stem-cell task force at the National Institutes of Health, says that embryonic stem cells could be sued to shorten the drug-development process."
"Munro notes that this is one of several new twists in the long-running debate over stem cells that surfaced as advocates stepped up their promotion of new initiatives in several states that, like the 2004 successful initiative on the California ballot, would pump hundreds of millions of dollars into embryo-cell technologies."
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Social Responsibility, 2006.
A review of three articles on social responsibility: "Serving in Florida" by Barbara Ehrenreich, "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits" by Milton Friedman and "A Teasing Irony" by Paul Hawken.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the social responsibility of a business. The paper reviews articles by Barbar Ehrenreich, Milton Friedman and Paul Hawken and looks at how each discusses different aspects of the social responsibility of business.
From the Paper
"In other words, if the executive owner of Jerry's or the Hearthside, where Ehrenreich worked, cared about the health of his employees, and the fact that so many of them were abused by customers and middle managers, then the CEO would be doing a disservice to the shareholders of the corporate enterprise. But in actuality, Ehrenreich shows that apparently pure profit-making schemes, like limiting employee work breaks as "time theft," giving the workers poor quality health care and food, is simply counter-productive even from a profit-making point of view, since this leaves employees sick, tired, miserable, and angry, and results in high employee turnover for the company. In Friedman's idealistic view of capitalism, to increase shareholder profits, the CEO of Jerry's would realize this fact and institute reforms."
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Privacy Invasion, 2007.
This paper explores the complex issue of employer infringement of employee privacy rights.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the nature of the workplace is progressing, with new and increasingly controversial ways in which employers can possibly impinge upon an employee's physical privacy. The paper illustrates how the legal and ethical ramifications of these tools remain complex and multi-faceted. The paper explores the major ways in which employers might possibly violate the privacy rights of any one of their employees through physical means; drug testing, genetic testing and electronic surveillance. The paper bemoans that legal precedents regarding these issues have made relatively little progress towards reaching a widespread consensus on how to handle such cases.
From the Paper
"Possibly the most interesting and contentious of the ways in which employers might infringe upon personal privacy is through genetic testing. The way in which the genetic information obtained might be used, however, often varies: "Genetic testing includes both genetic screening and genetic monitoring. In genetic screening workers are tested for genetic predispositions for example to chemically caused disease. In genetic monitoring, workers are tested for genetic damage caused e.g. by exposure to chemicals in the workplace," (Persson 2). The main concern of the business in relation to employee predisposition or incurred damage is not, primarily, the employee's health; instead, genetic testing reflects a concern for legal liability on the part of certain companies that expose employees to potentially hazardous environments."
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Profiling and Its Legal Implications, 2006.
A discussion regarding the legal issues surrounding the profiling of passengers at airports.
3,757 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the legal and ethical implications of profiling passengers at airports in the United States. The paper reviews the different opinions of profiling, some saying that it is a necessity due to the current state of world affairs and others believing that it is an infringement of basic civil and constitutional rights.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Profiling: The Legal and Ethical Pros and Cons
Legal Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The reaction to profiling prior or the events of 9/11 was essentially condemnatory. The profiler was seen as a discriminator who 'tags' and targets certain groups or ethnic and racial groupings with pre-determined ideas about their qualities and attributes. It is the creation of pre-determined views that creates the problem with profiling. This is the basis of the negative response that has emerged in recent years to the practice of police profiling. Profiling is seen in practice as another form of discrimination, marginalization and prejudice. On the other hand, the authorities claim that profiling is not intended to be prejudicial but is rather a practical and important part of police work and an attempt to reduce crime. It is in essence a tool that allows the police to isolate criminals in a rapid and effective way. The practice of profiling has a contentious and criticism-filled history that persists to the present day."
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Ethical Considerations, 2006.
A discussion on the ethical considerations of fraudulent misrepresentation and mergers and acquisitions.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how fraudulent misrepresentation, also known as fraud or deceit, is a tort based on liability for material misrepresentations, upon which a party justifiably relies, which lead to a contract or other legal relationship. It points out that the reasonable reliance clause makes the tort of fraudulent misrepresentation an acceptable part of ethics law and how the ethical ramifications of the extension of liability are enormous. It also relates that the very complexity of most mergers and acquisitions, combined with the sheer number of interested parties, makes it unlikely that a merger or acquisition can be completed without dealing with conflicts of interest or other ethical considerations.
Table of Contents
Fraudulent Misrepresentation
Mergers and Acquisitions
From the Paper
"The merger of acquisition of small companies presents different ethical issues. The first issue is that rumors of a merger might be enough to destroy a smaller business, which means that confidentiality takes on a new importance in small business mergers. The second issue is that many small businesses are funded from the outside, whether through investors, lenders, or venture capitalists. Any change in a company's ownership has to protect the interests of the people and institutions that already have an interest in the company."
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Stem Cell Research, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial issue of stem cell research.
753 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the hot topic of stem cell research. The paper discusses how stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types within the body and because they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the individual or animal is still alive, they serve as a repair system.
From the Paper
"According to the National Institutes of Health, the most important potential application of human stem cells is the generation of cells and tissues that could be used for cell-based therapies (Stem). Donated organs and tissues are often used today to replace ailing or destroyed tissue, however the need for transplantable tissues and organs far outweighs the available supply (Stem). Because of the ability to differentiate into specific cell types, stem cells offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (Stem)."
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Dishonesty, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of dishonesty, looking at the Enron scandal.
986 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the element of dishonesty involved in the corporate-level fraud scandal at Enron. This writer discusses the Enron scandal and then draws parallels between his personal actions and those of Enron. The writer notes that although his ethical transgression was not on the same scale as that of Enron, it is simple for the writer to make a comparison between his personal actions and those of Enron. This essay includes a personal account, that is partially compared to the Enron scandal.
From the Paper
"The Enron scandal is not over. Key figures like former CEO and Chairman of the Board Kenneth Lay wasn't put on trail until January of 2006. Defense attorneys attempt to portray their clients as innocent victims of a volatile market, and of being under pressure from federal prosecutors. Other top architects and participants in the scandal include Enron's Chief Auditor David Duncan, who famously shred countless documents in a flagrant attempt to avert justice. Sherron Watkins was the main whistleblower, who drew attention away from Lay and on to and Andrew Fastow and Jeffrey Skilling. The Enron scandal led to several changes in federal legislation regarding accounting practices and employee pension laws."
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Hispanic Assimilation, 2007.
A discussion on how Hispanic women are less likely to learn English and assimilate into American culture than Hispanic men.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how one of the central myths about Hispanic or Latino people in America is that they do not want to learn or speak English. The paper details how this myth has been disproved in many studies and statistical analyses. The paper explores how there is tension between the need and desire for assimilation and acceptance and the simultaneous pull towards the retention of culture and language; and the fear of loss of identity through the process of assimilation. The paper concludes that there is a gradual process of assimilation which is taking place among Hispanic women. However, there is also the pull towards cultural traditions, which has resulted in fewer Hispanic women than men learning English and assimilating into American culture.
From the Paper
"This also points to the fact that there will a strong tendency to retain cultural language and traditions among many of the Hispanic immigrants. Furthermore, In the U.S., more than 28 million people speak Spanish at home, and about half of these people speak English less than "very well." (Rodriguez, L.) The following is an excerpt from an interview with a Hispanic woman. From a report entitled Hispanic Trends, this interview serves to illustrate the important part that language plays in the retention of culture."
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Equality of Arms in International Tribunals, 2006.
A discussion regarding the modern concept of equality of arms.
3,068 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 26 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at modern day warfare and the role of the equality of arms concept at International Criminal Tribunals. The paper concludes by reviewing the impact of the Military Commission Act of 2006 on the theory of equality of arms.
From the Paper
"Even from the beginning, the purpose of these international tribunals was to have fair trials in order for justice to be properly served . In order to do so, it would have been necessary that the principle of equality of arms would have been respected. Unfortunately, in the case of the ICTY and the ICTR, equality of arms meant only that the accused would receive proper counsel but not the same resources as the prosecutors. For example, in the first case before the ICTY, that of Dusko Tadic, the lawyers assigned to represent him were not properly "trained" to be able to do so, because their expertise did not include that specific type of adversarial proceedings. Moreover, while the prosecutors benefited from the Special Legal Services division created by the tribunal, there was no such thing for the defense counsel. From the financial point of view, there were also some serious problems. For example, the defense lawyer's fees were considerably smaller than the ones of the prosecutors. Fortunately, the defense's petition for an increase of the daily fees, addressed to the Registry, was approved, thus improving the situation. There were also insufficient funds to cover administrative costs; an important fact influencing the fate of the trial was that the Serb authorities did not cooperate with the defense team and that witnesses could not be brought to the location of the trial in order to be questioned."
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Arguing Against Stem Cell Research, 2006.
An argument against stem cell research, particularly when it involves embryonic cells.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of the controversial stem cell research topic. The paper explores the pros and cons of the issue and argues that stem cell research, in particular using embryonic cells, should not be allowed. The paper bases its opinion on an ethical, moral and economic foundation.
Outline:
Introduction
What it is
The Bottom Line
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Along this line the same can be said for the continued lifespan that stem cell research can eventually provide. Is it worth it to have life at any cost even if the reduction of deaths create an almost impossible living environment to live in on earth? How will social security handle the load if no one ever dies? Where will people live as the world become impossibly crowded? These are questions that need to be addressed and answered before the world should ever consider allowing stem cell research to continue.
Most of the controversy surrounding embryonic use is centered around the definition of when life begins. As with the abortion debate there are those who believe that life begins at conception while others believe it does not begin until the fetus would otherwise be viable outside of the womb."
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Growth Hormone, 2006.
A discussion regarding pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses of growth hormone.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This study helps to ascertain whether the use of growth hormone has any beneficial effect on those who wish to use it for cosmetic purposes. The paper further discusses whether its use should be restricted to those who have deficits in their body's secretions of somatotropin as children.
From the Paper
"Dr. Richard Sadovsky, in the journal, American Family Physician treats children to improve height velocity and bone maturation in children. However, he says "the use of growth hormone in children with non-growth hormone-deficient short stature is controversial." He cites a study by Kawai and Associates with 27 boys of short stature that were divided into a control group that received nothing that would affect growth or bone maturation and a treatment group that received pituitary-derived or recombinant human growth hormone five or six times every week for 3.5 to 4.8 years. The surprising findings were that growth hormone therapy during prepubery did not improve height and actually resulted in shorter final height than what would have been attained naturally. "This may be the result of accelerated bone maturation and reduction of the duration of puberty." Rosenfeld, who conducted the study, commented that short children with normal growth velocities may be negatively affected by "the early and rapid pubertal progression caused by growth hormone therapy." Those involved must carefully select the children, as the time that they utilize this drug affects and is affected by puberty. (Sadovsky 1997)"
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