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Workplace Privacy, 2007.
An analysis of the legal and ethical ramifications of employee testing and surveillance.
1,688 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses workplace privacy. It looks at the new and increasingly controversial ways in which employers can impinge upon an employee's privacy, such as drug testing, genetic testing and electronic surveillance. It then discusses, in detail, the legal and ethical ramifications of employers using these tools and how they can impact on the workplace.
From the Paper
"From the utilitarian standpoint, it is certainly imaginable that genetic testing, drug testing, and electronic surveillance might contribute to the overall good by increasing the output of various businesses. However, it is also imaginable that the negative aspects associated with these measures might detract from the total happiness of society: increased surveillance and the inability to use certain drugs might decrease employee contentedness; meanwhile, genetic testing might leave major subsets of society out of the economy and impoverished. Deontologically, people might take a stand for personal physical privacy as an innate moral good; yet, precisely what each deontologist might define privacy to be may vary. Consequently, some deontologists might think that workplace surveillance and drug tests are morally acceptable, while genetic tests are not. Others might organize their beliefs differently--all measures may be seen as morally unacceptable, for instance. Essentially, attesting to be either a utilitarian or a deontologist gives little indication of which way an individual might lean with respect to physical privacy in the workplace."
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Comatose Awareness, 2007.
This paper explores the state of comatose awareness.
3,115 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that cases like those of Terri Shiavo and Robert Kenneth Durksen put the moral quandaries regarding comatose victims to the forefront of the public's mind. The writer notes that only by fully understanding the condition, and answering questions such as whether or not there is awareness in comatose patients, can the public make informed decisions, when sensitive situations occur. This paper provides an overview of the comatose condition, followed by a review of literature regarding awareness in comatose patients. The writer then presents conclusions drawn from this information, in hopes of shedding further light on such a delicate topic.
Outline:
Introduction
Comatose Overview
Literature Review Regarding Comas and Coma Awareness
Analysis of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The medical term comatose is derived from the Greek word koma, meaning a deep sleep. A comatose patient is in a deep state of unconsciousness that is characterized by the loss of reactivity to external stimuli and absence of spontaneous nervous activity, and cannot be awakened. Coma victims have usually experienced injury or disease of the cerebrum."
"The origin of the injury affects the different patterns of coma. Losses of consciousness for short durations may be caused by concussions, whereas the lack of oxygen, or anoxia, may lead to a coma that lasts for several weeks or is fatal. Sudden loss of consciousness in some patients may be caused by a stroke, which is a rupture or blockage of the vessels that supply blood to the brain."
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Death with Dignity Act (DWDA), 2006.
This paper is a literature review of physician-assisted suicide and a policy analysis of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act (DWDA)
7,800 words (approx. 31.2 pages), 32 sources, APA, £ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that some of the issues regarding physician-assisted suicide are the evolution of rights, ethics and "the slippery slope" argument. The author points out that the issue of physician-assisted suicide has rapidly moved from being a secret, marginal matter to a real topic of discussion for most people in the United States. The paper contends that the issue of physician-assisted suicide is related to the availability of end-of-life palliative care.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Dr. Jack Kevorkian
The Federal Government and States Treat Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Courts
Doctors Speak Their Mind on Physician-Assisted Suicide
Scope of the Problem
A Question of Healthcare
Do The Terminally Ill Really Want Physician-Assisted Suicide?
Breakdown of Policy
Legislative Counsel Committee of the Oregon Legislative Assembly
How the Act Was Brought Into Being
Subsequent Progression to Present Day
From the Paper
"In 1997, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously upheld decisions in New York and Washington State that affected assisted suicide and made it illegal. They overturned rulings in the 2nd and 9th Circuit Courts of Appeal striking down state statutes banning physician-assisted suicide. Those statutes, which prohibited doctors from prescribing lethal medication to competent, terminally ill adults, were found to violate the 14th Amendment. In striking the appellate decisions, the U.S. Supreme Court basically declared that no constitutional "right to die" existed, but individual states might enact legislation permitting or prohibiting physician-assisted suicide."
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Business Ethics, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of ethical principles within the business world.
1,206 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the business person must be clear about his ethical principle or philosophy on money matters and this should be the foundation of his business. The writer states that wants can be considered needs and a person can learn and grow up to pursue wants and desires and never get satisfied. The writer then points out that this tendency can dominate a person and spill over to his adult life or business. Further, the writer notes that the pursuit of material acquisition can become the essence of a person's ethical decisions in business. The writer discusses that a person in business may not have to choose between principle and profits by developing the proper perspective or viewpoint regarding money and therefore observe his ethical principle while making fair profits.
From the Paper
"Unprecedented major changes in society have been modifying the way people view the good life and among the forces shaping that view are globalization and the resulting cultural differences, new communication technologies rapidly transmitting information worldwide, the increasing gap between the rich and the poor, and the decreasing autonomy of national governments. More and more people expect business corporations to take the responsibility of addressing current social issues. Findings of studies revealed that there is a place for principles and profits and corporations have become more aware of their social responsibility. More and more businesses see that the key elements to competitiveness are employee productivity and innovation, when employees become most enthusiastic, productive and creative in evolving new ways of doing things. This requires an entirely new vision expressed in a mission statement, which details the values and principles to guide the organization."
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Donner Party, 2006.
A review of the Donner Party and how the Donner name became one of the most unfairly maligned family names in American history.
2,394 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Donner Party, one of the great survival stories in the expansive history of the American taming of the West. According to the paper, the Donner Party resorted to cannibalism as a means of survival. The paper discusses how research has shown that these stories of cannibalism, which have caused a painful black mark on the Donner family name, may be completely false as they pertain to the Donners themselves.
Outline:
Donner: The Name of Tragedy
A Media Firestorm Erupts
Cannibalism Accepted as Fact
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For a century and a half, the American public has essentially labeled the Donner Party, and, by extension the Donner family, as cannibals. The sensationalized media reports that first emerged after the rescue of the Donner Party became widely accepted with time, although they were based mostly on unreliable first-person reports and gossip (Donner cannibalism, 2006). In fact, Eliza Poor Donner Houghton, a member of the party, recalls how Donner Party members would read supposed first-person accounts in newspapers and become shocked with how remarkably accurate information was interspersed with wild fabrications and innuendo (Houghton, 1911). "
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What Constitutes Obscenity?, 2006.
A review of obscenity and what is considered by American society to be obscene.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Americans despise obscenity by and large, but have always had a problem with identifying just what was obscene and why. This study maintains that while popular and legal definitions may vary, some people may simply consider something obscene if it is forced upon them rather than when they purposely seek out such literary materials or artistic works for themselves for prurient or other reasons. A summary of the research and important findings is provided in the conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Arbiters of Obscenity and Their Implications for Artists and the Media
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Kidd, there was essentially no due process provided the artist in this unfair association between him and denied Mapplethorpe his "day in court" in which he could voice his rebuttals; rather, the case was an example of an arbitrary - and some say capricious - decision by the Institute for Contemporary Art as to what they regarded as obscene, and they got paid handsomely for the privilege of designating Mapplethorpe's work as being obscene: "The key decisions that implicated the NEA in the funding of 'obscenity' were made not by the artist, and not even by the NEA, but by mediating arts organizations -- specifically, the Institute for Contemporary Art in Philadelphia, that used a $30,000 NEA grant to mount a retrospective of Mapplethorpe's photography" (Kidd, 2003, p. 6). By any measure, Mapplethorpe's works could be viewed as being inappropriate for certain age groups or others, depending on the unique individual factors involved, but the same issues that affected the Mapplethorpe outcome are at play in virtually every instance of the obscenity determination."
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The Death Penalty Appeals Process, 2006.
An analysis of the US Court of Appeals process in death sentencing appeal cases.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes the death penalty appeals process. The paper discusses the arguments that exist both for against and the long process that characterizes court appeal of a sentence of the death penalty.
Outline:
Introduction
Critical Analysis of Death Penalty Appeals Process
Summary
From the Paper
"The appeals process as related to the appeal of being sentenced to death is a long procedure which takes many years to transverse through. The inherent problem exists in that the government is responsible for feeding, housing, clothing and providing medical care for the individual who is on death row waiting out the appeals process however, that problem is much easier overcome than other problems associated with the death penalty itself. One of these problems is illustrated in the failure of courts to focus attention upon evidence at the time it presented itself but have instead taken the lives of innocent individuals not guilty of the crimes for which they were sentenced to die and then finally put to death."
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Business Ethics, 2007.
This paper explores business ethics in the context of the Enron scandal.
2,561 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Enron scandal from a mainly financial standpoint and deals with what the Arthur Anderson accounting firm did wrong and the consequences that came from their accounting errors. The paper looks at the concept of business ethics that is still unclear to many companies and employees and shows how companies must learn from the mistakes of Enron and have a sound policy in place. The paper also examines the responsibility businesses have for society and the lack of Enron's social responsibility.
From the Paper
"Business ethics do not require understanding from a managerial standpoint only. Employees should be aware of what business ethics really mean, and what the ethical rules of their company are. Most employees would agree that it is wrong to steal money from the company they work for. However, those same employees would think nothing of taking home a pen they stuck in their shirt pocket, or a notepad they took with them when they went out to talk to a client. While small items such as pens and notepads may seem very insignificant, even small items are part of the ethical dilemmas that face companies today."
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"The Hot Zone", 2007.
An analysis of the ethical issues raised in Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone."
1,596 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Preston's book, "The Hot Zone," in which he recounts a story about a laboratory accident and its aftermath. The paper discusses the ethical issues that surround the laboratory incident, such as the need to inform the public. It goes on to describe possible connections that can be made to current events and the ethical dilemmas that may surround them.
From the Paper
"Concern about ethical treatment in medical matters had been increasing for some time after the revelation of the Tuskegee experiment in which the medical establishment and the government in the 1930s had treated a group of black men in the South for syphilis, giving some a placebo rather than actual treatment and never telling the subjects what they were doing. When details of this experiment surfaced in the 1970s, many first accepted the argument that the cure was as bad as the disease. It soon became clear that this experiment actually took advantage of people who were poor, black, uneducated, and trusting. Analysts have noted how genocide is evoked by the Tuskegee experiment, and some made reference to the Nazi experiments on human subjects during World War II, which had been condemned by the civilized world at the Nuremberg Trials. Other explanations have also been cited, notably with regard to racial differences, to explain how medical personnel could be part of such a breach of ethics."
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Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys, 2007.
This paper describes the Canons of Professional Ethics for Attorneys and its current relevance to the profession.
1,173 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author argues that the Canons of Professional Ethics written for attorneys in the early 1900's are no longer relevant. The paper gives a brief historic background of the Canon's adoption, then highlights the major points of contention, showing point by point how the Canons no longer apply. The author further contends that the Canons often fail to embrace the realities of the legal profession, especially of defense attorneys who must often defend unpopular clients or even for attorneys who wish to solicit business. The writer describes the Canons as often vague, contradictory, and unenforceable.
From the Paper
"Many of the Canons could actually subvert the intention of attorneys to represent clients to their fullest extent. Consider the working Canon 28: "It is unprofessional for a lawyer to volunteer advice to bring a lawsuit, except in rare cases where ties of blood, relationship, or trust make it his duty to do so." (Hurld, 2004) Yes, this would forbid ambulance chasing or advertisements asking a parent of a sick child if medical malpractice might be the cause of their child's infirmity, the sort of attorney advertising and grandstanding non-lawyers enjoy pointing to, when these laypersons explain why they despise attorneys."
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'The Blue Hotel', 2006.
A review of 'The Blue Hotel' by Stephen Crane.
1,395 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 0 sources, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Stephen Crane's novel, 'The Blue Hotel'. According to the paper, 'The Blue Hotel' is a portrayal of cause and effect or consequences of one's actions. The paper discusses how the book is a vivid and clear example of humanity's unkindness to fellowmen or reluctance to stand for what is right or what is good.
From the Paper
"Yet, despite all the negative view about man one should not negate the duality or dualism - like the Yin and the Yang. In every existence, there is always the positive and the negative. Crane's pessimistic view of man can be likened to the Legalists of Old China's view wherein they look at humanity as basically evil but can be restructured to attain goodness. The way to rid man of evil is to show him the good ways. In contrast still in the Chinese philosophy, Confucianism is the opposite of Legalism for this philosophy believes that man is by nature good and only the external forces affecting him makes him evil. With all the dreary seen in the world, man still lives up to the term humanity since there is still a lot of goodness seen around - acts of charity, kindness and compassion abound - that there is really no wont in any of these but it just so happens that the controversy brought about by evil deeds becomes more apparent because of sensationalism and media hype."
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Stem Cell Research, 2007.
An examination of the debate concerning the ethics of stem cell research.
1,574 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how stem cell research continues to be a controversial subject. It looks at how proponents note the variety of diseases that could be treated effectively by stem cell technology, from Parkinson's to Alzheimer's to spinal injuries to a variety of other diseases, many linked to heredity factors. It also discusses how opponents consider the use of embryonic stem cells unethical. Although the promise of embryonic stem cell technology is great, the question remains - is it worth the cost?
Outline
Introduction
Proponents
Opponents
The Hippocratic Oath and Stem Cell Research
An Alternative Acceptable to Everyone?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Proponents must not only focus on the possible good of embryonic stem cell research, but must also address the question of moral status of the embryo. In so doing, it is noted that an embryo, at the stage of development for stem cell cultivation, has "no central nervous system, no brain, no capacity to suffer, they consist of a few hundred cells" ("No problems", 2006). Even when embryos are naturally conceived, there is a high natural rate of embryo failure, which makes the assertion that an embryo is a person even more difficult."
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RIAA - Internet Music Downloads, 2005.
A review of issues surrounding downloading music from the Internet.
1,221 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at music downloads. The paper reviews how music is downloaded via the Internet, and various issues relating to music downloads. The paper also discusses whether this is illegal or not.
Outline:
Introduction
How Music is Downloaded from the Internet
The Threats of Music Downloading
Music Downloading : Why is it Illegal?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At first, it may seem that ease of downloading music from the Internet will produce nothing but positive impact to the consumers. They will be able to get and enjoy music for free. They will be able to share music to their friends without limits or boundaries. However, the fact remains that copying or downloading music from the internet is piracy. It is copying without proper consent from the real owners. It is copying and reproducing without notifying the people who have shed great efforts in producing such music. Thus, honor, credibility and integrity of the consumer is being wage. "
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'The Good German', 2006.
A review of 'The Good German' by Joseph Kanon.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at Joseph Kanon's novel, 'The Good German'. According to the paper, the book portrays the historical and ethical dilemma represented by the Potsdam Conference where the future of Europe is being decided. The paper further discusses the ethical dilemma of the character, Gunther Behn, a decorated German soldier during the First World War and a police office during the Nazi regime. The paper reports that Behn's wife is Jewish.
From the Paper
"This is an extraordinary ethical dilemma, historically speaking and thus reflected through the novel, because, from a utilitarian point of view, the action of allying with the Soviets during the Second World War is just: choosing the lesser of the evils to defeat the greatest evil manifesting itself at that time, the evil one is fighting. On the other hand, given the later implications, the evil force that the Soviet Union came to represent, we are wondering whether or not it was the actual just decision to make."
"On a micro level, we have small, individually addressed ethical dilemmas, like the one Gunther Behn is having. It is interesting to point out towards this ethical dilemma because, in some ways, it seems as if such small, micro dilemmas, are tying in to the title of the book."
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