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Hobbes' and Machiavelli's Humanist Governing Principles, 2008.
This paper compares and contrasts humanistic governing principles in "The Prince" by Niccolo Machiavelli and "The Leviathan" by Thomas Hobbes.
2,263 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Machiavelli and Hobbes analyze the dictates of governing institutions, religion and ethics. The paper shows how these two philosophers often agree, but differ on varying principles of practicality for humanistic governing bodies. The paper shows the complexity of rational thought that exists between Hobbes and Machiavelli and explains how the nature of ethics becomes a dynamic that divides them.
From the Paper
"The manner of politics that one can see in The Prince by Machiavelli reveals much about the cruel, and often-lawless manner of governing that seeks to suppress the people being ruled by their leaders. He makes little argument for unrealistic manners of ethical guidance that might smooth over these forceful behaviors of the leading class. By these means he tells us much about how rules matter little in the quest for power and dominance over the lesser classes. In starting, Machiavelli refused to be deflected by utopian dreams or romantic hopes and by questions of right and wrong or good and bad in government. This is how Hobbes and Machiavelli compare, since they both seek realism in their quest to discover the best and most efficient way to rule."
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Ethics and Energy Deregulation, 2008.
An analysis of whether the deregulation of the energy and in particular, the electricity sector can be completely ethical.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical considerations associated with the deregulation of energy, focusing on the electricity sector in the United States. The paper examines the issue from the perspective of both proponents (advantages) and critics (disadvantages) in order to attempt to ascertain if energy deregulation can be an ethical course of action.
From the Paper
"How can we reconcile these positions? Democratic, local control of power production is certainly a noble, even ethically important, goal. But if deregulation only results in more corporate control of energy production with less public oversight, it is certainly not an ethical choice. Perhaps the most ethical and rational path would be to remove government's monopolistic control while retaining the public's capacity to oversee the energy market. If policies were put into place regulate the actions of especially the major energy producers while encouraging the development of local, alternative power generation, then it might be possible to achieve the ideals of the deregulation proponents while avoiding the dangers of corporate corruption."
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Stem Cell Research, 2008.
This paper argues for the continuation of stem cell research.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the debate regarding whether human embryos possess "human rights" and thus the right to live in the fully developed human sense. The paper discusses this ethical and controversial issue and strongly contends that stem cell research must be allowed to continue unabated while trying to find ways to circumvent the ethical dilemmas that hinder it.
Outline:
Introduction
Opposing Viewpoints
Pro Viewpoints
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In spite of these controversial issues, stem cell research must be allowed to continue unabated not only to find practical application in cell and organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, but also to alleviate the emotional burdens of all those involved in a patient's suffering. Embryonic stem cell research involves growing stem cells derived directly from human embryos and is the present method employed in growing stem cell colonies. Still in development is non-embryonic stem cell research, which seeks to circumvent the heated debates regarding whether human embryos possess "human rights" and thus the right to live in the fully developed human sense (Cort, 2005)."
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Philosophy of Leadership, 2008.
A discussion of leadership by comparing James Farr's "Leadership vs. Management", Plato's "Republic", Thomas Hobbes' "Leviathan", and Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail".
1,970 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the need to master leadership skills as a means for effective leadership. The paper reviews the work of James Farr, "Leadership vs. Management", as a critique of ineffective and effective leadership. It then reviews the leadership suggestions of Plato as shown in the "Republic". The paper finds this model of leadership especially negative in its criticism of democracy. It next turns to Thomas Hobbes, and again finds him extremely negative in his outline of the state of nature and the need for absolute government as shown in the "Leviathan". The essay finally turns to Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail" and finds that this is a positive and effective model of leadership.
From the Paper
"Plato, for example, shows what he thinks our democratic society will become. It is a grim view, one I cannot endorse. In Book VIII of The Republic, he discusses society's descent to democracy, which he says follows the failure of an oligarchy. That is an order driven by fear of abject poverty (553c, 562b, 556c). Men show miserly respectability (553d), without control of reason or spirit. (551a, 553c, 556d). A few grow rich and shape the state they want, oppressing others. (552e, 5533, 564e)."
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Ethics in Philanthropy, 2008.
This paper considers ethics in philanthropy with regards to the Save the Children organization.
1,081 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Save the Children agency and discusses in brief its values and ethics. The paper examines an ethical dilemma which invariably arises when such organizations endeavor to assist at-risk children, specifically, should utilitarian and/or social justice considerations be taken into account or should another ethical mechanism be employed when determining who receives what? In the end, the paper decides that programs and aid geared towards helping children should be dispensed in a manner that is color-blind and free of gender-based considerations.
From the Paper
"The Save the Children agency is well-regarded for its many earnest efforts on behalf of the most vulnerable members of our society. Simply put, the values and ethics which guide this organization are laudable and in keeping with the most estimable ideals of American philanthropy. Specifically, the organization is wholly committed to seeing to it that children everywhere should receive all the assistance they can so that they can enjoy happy and fulfilling lives (Save the Children, 2007a). Additionally, the organization has pledged itself to the operational principles of accountability, collaboration and innovation and to giving children and the communities that serve them in the developing world the services, skills, and resources that will make it possible for young people in less-developed nations to reach their full human potential."
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Case Study: Global Communications, 2008.
This paper is a problem solving case study about Global Communications, which is adopting an outsourcing strategy to send the majority of its call center functions overseas.
3,265 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Global Communications' (GC) outsourcing strategy for its call center functions is a strong competitive decision; however, the methodology employed in arriving at the decision and in announcing it to employees, while disregarding the employee union, has left it in an ethical and communicative predicament. The author suggests that GC should have first aligned its corporate culture and human relations functions with the realities of the global marketplace. The paper suggests that GC should have formulated a new mission statement then adjusted its hiring and retention practices to match this new statement. The author states that only then should the company move forward with such a radical strategy. The paper includes original tables that summarize the problem solving process.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Problem Solving: Global Communications
Issue and Opportunity
Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical Dilemmas
Problem Statement
End Vision
Alternative Solutions
Analysis of Alternative Solutions
Risk Assessment and Mitigation
Optimal Solution
Implementation Plan
Evaluation of Results
Conclusion
Table One: Issues, Opportunities and Concept
Table Two: Stakeholder Perspectives and Ethical Dilemmas
Table 3: Alternative Evaluation Matrix
Table 4: Risk Assessment & Mitigation
Table 5: Optimal Solution Implementation Plan
Table 6: Evaluation of Results
From the Paper
"There are three primary stakeholders involved in this situation and each is equally important. GC is a publicly held company and the shareholders expect it to be operated in a globally competitive manner and in a business environment where all major telecommunications competitors have, if not already outsourced call center operations, appear to be considering it, shareholders demand that GC take the lead in this strategy. Executive management is charged with the efficient and fiscally sound operation of the company and as such, they too must consider all competitive options."
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Mencius and Xunzi on Human Nature, 2008.
A discussion of the views of two influential Chinese philosophers from the third century B.C., Mencius and Xunzi, on human nature.
3,570 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the views of Mencius and Xunzi, Chinese philosophers from c. 300 B.C., who belonged to the school of thought of Confucius (551-479 BC). It compares their differing approaches to human nature and relates that while Mencius saw the individual as fundamentally good, Xunzi's viewed human nature as bad and in need of care and correction. The paper addresses the influence of these two extremely influential philosophers, whose contrasting approaches continue to be seen today in Chinese civilization. The paper concludes that their thoughts on human nature are timeless and, thus, they will continue to be reviewed and discussed for many years to come.
Outline:
Introduction
Human Nature as Corruptible
Man as Weak and Bad
Implications over Time
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Mencius spent years moving from court to court and we presume that he had many chances to see how feudal rulers chose to lead. He was a sought after advisor to different rulers towards much thinking on what worked and what did not to restore order, for example, or prevent future troubles. He seems to have come up with something like the Social Contract that shaped Western thinking in the modern era in a model of a decent kind of leadership and attention to the needs of life and protecting citizens to which individuals could adhere. If a decent environment was not provided, then the people should be expected to overthrow those in power towards new leadership. In the view of Mencius, a ruler must show jen in humaneness, humanity and benevolence, as a very old Chinese concept indeed. (Chan Jen) There should also be the yi of righteousness and a sense of duty, if a ruler wanted to see righteousness, cooperation and industriousness amongst his subjects."
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Life Support Withdrawal: Family Decisions, 2008.
A research proposal exploring families' experiences with decisions of life-support withdrawal.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a research proposal tol explore and comprehend the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. The paper discusses the significance of the phenomenon to nursing and provides an overview of the methodology to be used in the study.
Outline:
Identification of Phenomenon of Interest
Statement of Research Purpose
Significance of the Phenomenon to Nursing
Research Question
Overview of Methodology
From the Paper
"The decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) comprises a momentous event that encapsulates diverse experiences for families. Since clients often are incapable of communication, family members may confront severe complexities or even dilemmas in attempting to make end-of-life care decisions. This is primarily because of the nature of technology that is used in the ICU which is actually used for to opposing purposes of prolonging and terminating life. Exploring families' experiences is a significant phenomenon of concern to clients' families and the health care team, as well as for the provision of client-centered care."
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White-Collar Crime, 2008.
This paper analyzes the rise of white-collar crime within the United States in relation to John Maynard Keynes' and Adam Smith's free market systems.
3,081 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the free market global economy has played a large role in increasing corporate crimes. The paper looks at the conflict between the economic theories of Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes and shows how the details of economic global free market systems can identify the problems of 20th century white-collar crime within the discourse of rights and justice-based theory. The paper presents a strategic plan that will address systemic problems that facilitate corporate crime. The paper believes that with a coordinated resolve to fight corporate crime, this is a workable strategy that will improve the situation substantially and prevent a great deal of free market abuse.
From the Paper
"The central issue of Adam Smith's "hidden hand" economics in the free market economy is the growing failure of the U.S. government to regulate the way that banking has been practiced in global markets. One example of this was the problem of the Savings and Loan Crisis, which often deregulated banking institutions, causing problematic ethical issues through justice based theories of fair and balanced market behaviors. In this case, the government did not enforce restrictions on competitive measures for commercial banks for the greater benefit of the banking industry."
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The Parmalat Scandal, 2008.
This paper examines the accounting and auditing roles in the Italian Parmalat scandal.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Italian food conglomerate Parmalat's financial scandal that was one of the worst in world history. The paper looks at the combination of financial fraud and lax oversight and demonstrates what went wrong. The paper focuses on the auditor's role in this scandal and addresses what can be done to avoid such unethical activities in the future.
Outline:
What Went Wrong at Parmalat?
What Was the Auditor's Role?
What Can Be Done to Avoid Parmalat in the Future?
From the Paper
"In December 2003, the Italian food conglomerate Parmalat crashed in a financial scandal that was one of the worst in world history (Citizen Works, 2006). Through a combination of financial fraud and lax oversight, the company had engaged in misstating income and hiding debt. In fact, the fraud was so extensive that almost 80% of the company's income for one sales year was fabricated of lies, and all of its profits were made up (Rogers, 2005). The scandal was particularly damaging to proponents of a principles-based reform of accounting, since it showed that such a system was just as prone to abuse and scandal as an alternate rules-based system. In fact, following the Enron and Worldcom scandals in the U.S., under the rules-based accounting system followed in the U.S., the Generally Accounted Accounting Principles (GAAP) had been reformed under Sarbanes-Oxley to bring the GAAP standards more in line with principles-based approaches (Rogers, 2005). The Parmalat scandal showed that these reforms ultimately may not work either if the accountants in a scandal are either collusive or neglectful to the point that scandal is possible by unethical persons."
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Ethical Marketing, 2008.
This paper analyzes the legal and ethical issue surrounding the Hoodia Gordonii marketing and claims surrounding its use as an appetite suppressant.
2,621 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes a particular ethical marketing issue by focusing on diet supplements that use Hoodia Gordonii as an ingredient and claim to help individuals lose weight. The paper provides a thorough investigation and analysis of the claims, so as to grasp the ethical and legal implications of this marketing activity. The paper discusses how unethical marketing destroys a market. The paper concludes that the Hoodia Gordonii products is guilty of intentionally advertising falsely in order to maximize profits.
Outline:
The Magic Weight Loss Ingredient, Hoodia Gordonii: Can it Do What it Claims?
Ethical and Legal Implications of Hoodia Claims: A Comprehensive Analysis
Marketing Outcomes and Ethics: Examples from Hoodia Gordonii
Legality Versus Ethics: Lessons from Hoodia Gordonii
Consumer Bill of Rights: A Consideration in Wake of Diet Pill Scams
Social Marketing and the Organizational Culture: Where Does Hoodia Lie?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hoodia is a natural herb, from a flowering plant, that was used by African villagers for treating various illnesses. It was later found that a component of the plant was an appetite suppressant (Adams, 2005, para 25). This chemical component called P57 was isolated and patented and licensed in 1996. This license was released by the original holders United Kingdom company Phytopharm in 2002 (this company had collaborated with the large pharmaceutical company Pfizer to develop an appetite suppressant)."
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American Mass Media, 2008.
This paper analyzes the conflict of mass media versus the individual ethics of journalism in relation to the War in Iraq.
1,722 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the conflict between mass media organizations and the individual ethics of journalism through the sociological and philosophical views of Max Weber and Aristotle. The paper discusses the capitalistic tendency for mass media to control an "authoritarian" point of view favorable to the American interest in Iraq. The paper focuses on the issue of ethics regarding the lack of an individual's capacity to attain objective news coverage.
From the Paper
"The relative situation in Iraq one now see holds a great lack of overall research into individual perceptions of the War in Iraq, and why journalists tend to look at larger, more sweeping views on the conflict between Americans and Iraqis. In this manner, many mass media journalists seem to focus on the numbers of soldiers involved, the American governments reaction to the war, and other larger macrocosmic focuses that reflect an interest in an American perception, rather than the suffering of the native peoples who have to live through this war. During the coverage of the war, there are often American points of views that define the combat through American perspectives. For instance, journalist George Packer shows an Iraqi woman's point of view and why she wants to side with the Americans."
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Cigarette Advertising, 2008.
This paper explores the issue of cigarette advertising from a normative ethical perspective.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the complex ethical questions involved in the debate over limiting the power of cigarette manufacturers to advertise. The paper explains that while limiting advertising can be justified from a utilitarian perspective, from a Kantian perspective of rights, such a limitation presents grave implications for the future of our society. The paper argues that a normative approach to this issue would be to recognize the importance of "rule utilitarianism" as opposed to pure utilitarianism as the key determinant of government action.
From the Paper
"The current situation would suggest that there is a clear and present for governments to take action given the need to protect the public interest, together with the need to counteract the resources available to the tobacco industry to sell their product. Indeed, the history of cigarette advertising is such that it would seem this argument is almost unquestionable. For example, this industry has a long history of using advertising to appeal to young people and the public at large by covertly covering up the effects of tobacco. Following following the end of World War II, the RJ Reynolds Tobacco Co. boasted that "More Doctors Smoke Camels Than Any Other Cigarette" (Waxman). This advertising claim carried the clear implication that the medical community as a whole endorses "Camels" cigarettes. While no tobacco company would dare to make such a statement today, that does not stop the industry from trying to make smoking appear cool to teenagers."
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Ethics and the Correctional System, 2008.
A review of an article by Laurel J. Sweet "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers".
797 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews an article penned by Laurel J. Sweet, "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers" and focuses on the benefits of having both a written code of ethics in place and a strong leadership able to enforce that code. The paper discusses how a code of ethics protects the department from lengthy appeals that frustrate efforts to get nefarious individuals out of the force. The paper also explains how strong leadership can prompt subordinates to follow the code or at least not hold its tenets in contempt.
From the Paper
"The importance of a written code of ethics can scarcely be exaggerated - in any professional setting, but especially in one as important (and where power balances can be as great) as the correctional system of the United States. In her article, "Sheriff's Hire to Weed out Troublemakers," Laurel J. Sweet writes about the 2003 decision of Suffolk County sheriff, Andrea J. Cabral, to hire former Suffolk District Deputy Chief of District Courts, Viktor Theiss, to "cultivate" the resources and techniques necessary to "weed out" members of the local correctional services population who are committing policy violations to outright criminal acts - such as drug peddling to sexual exploitation of prisoners."
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