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China's Environmental Issues, 2008.
A discussion of environmental issues affecting China.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses serious environmental problems in China. The paper explains that due to overpopulation and industrialization, pollution has become a major issue within China's borders. The paper then looks at how migrants from rural and farm areas have begun moving to cities and densely populated locations at the alarming rate of approximately 20 million per year, and how this has put an enormous amount of pressure on employment within the city and has given rise to may social ills. The paper also discusses the effects of industrialization in China. The paper points out that it is not until recently that controlling industrial pollution has really gained momentum in China.
Outline:
China is Suffering Serious Environmental Problems
Root Causes of China's Problems
Strategies Chinese Local Governments, Businesses, or Individual Citizens Have Implemented to Lessen the Negative Impact on the Environment in this Region and Help Prepare it for a More Sustainable Future
Practical Solutions to these Problems that can be Funded, Developed, and Implemented Locally, or Will Long-Term Solutions Require Assistance from Outside Sources If Outside, Detail Extent of Involvement
The Philippines Has Also Attempted to Overcome Problems Similar to China's
The Success or Failure of the Philippines in Their Efforts
The Environmental or Social Factors Aiding or Hindering the Implementation of Those Plans
From the Paper
"The environmental problems in this area are due mainly to a massive population growth and urbanization in cities near the coast. This has increased industrialization in the area attracting high pollution technologies dealing with the production of energy. The South China Sea has become a dumping ground for vessels that use its waterways and for spills that may occur during ocean voyages. This environmental meltdown can be seen in satellite photo-images of the South China Sea, in which dense closed of smoke haze hang over the landscape."
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Socialization of Immigrants, 2008.
This paper looks at personal and institutional responsibility for socialization with regards to immigration.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 14.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it is evident that history has forced most immigrants to the US to take on the responsibility of socialization individually, without support from social organizations. The writer further relates that, in the initial mass immigration that occurred during industrialization, this philosophy lead to the formation of cultural communities across the US that worked to support cultural members and the greater social order as well. The writer then points out that, as time has progressed, however, there have been millions of immigrants that have arrived in the nation, both legal and illegal, who have relied solely on these cultural communities for socialization. Ultimately this has created a separation between cultural communities and the larger social order because there has been a lack of organizational or institutional support for immigrants. The writer then asserts that it is therefore apparent that it is time for institutions and individuals to fulfill their social contract with society and assist immigrants in becoming socialized. The writer concludes that it is only through this dual effort that one society will function for the greater good, which includes fulfilling the needs of all cultural groups and prevents segregation of cultural groups from the greater social order.
From the Paper
"For example, millions of illegal immigrants are demanding that they be given their citizenship because of their extended stays within the country. This demand is supported by numerous groups within the Hispanic culture that believe that crossing the border into the United States and functioning in society without incident should be sufficient grounds for citizenship. Yet, the opposing viewpoint to this argument suggests that by offering citizenship to this population, the country is degrading the efforts of other immigrants that have followed legal pathways to becoming citizens. Clearly, the latter argument supports the intentions of society to conduct immigration through legal processes, while the initial argument supports a cultural desire that strays from the legal structure of the nation. Additionally, it should be noted that the first argument serves to separate the needs of one group from the needs of the greater society, while the second argument insists upon a universal format for immigration.
"Therefore, demanding that immigrants should be responsible for their own socialization process in which they create their own resources and opportunities is possible. However, without the support of social organizations that essentially allow for a universal understanding of American life and the American culture, individuals rely on cultural communities that support only a particular culture's way of life and not the nation."
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Business Economics And Cultural Differences, 2008.
This paper provides a complete analysis of the interaction between business economics and cultural differences.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This report compares the differences in management and work attitudes between the US (Western society, The Czech Republic and Asia). A variety of influences are discussed and compared such as gender, employee attitudes, and management styles, etc. The report concludes that cultural factors are indeed critical to outcome and the success of a company.
Outline:
Introduction
Cultural Differences: Czech Republic versus United States
Hofstede's Evaluation: Czech Republic
Eastern Versus Western Cultures
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Culture is usually considered the combination of inherent values and learned mission. The importance of culture is due to the fact that it can affect operational excellence and the achievement strategic objectives. It is therefore imperative that there be a general understanding of the difference between the two cultural realms so that important aspects of the management styles can be positioned within the overall strategic business process within organizations, since:
- Organizations are living social organisms, and need a link between them to survive; the culture can act as this link, but may or may not be a positive or enforcing element,
- Culture is a main part of the fundamental support of an institution and may fail if there is a serious contradiction between business trends and the cultural practices within a country,
- Culture is critical to business strategies, goals, missions, and outcomes, (ITIM, 2003, para 4))"
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Historical Continuity of Ancient and Modern Hospitality, 2008.
A historical look at the continuity of ancient and modern practices in hospitality.
1,016 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the use of ancient and modern hospitality in the context of literary and modern practices of caring for a guest. The paper notes that, although the context of travel and hospitality were not as open and dignified as it is in a modern context, the use of familial or guest orientated hospitality in the ancient world is still ever-present today. Moreover, the paper concludes that the ideology of generosity to travelers is the continuous strain of thought that is every present in a humans "natural" ability to help those that need help while away from home
From the Paper
"In ancient biblical times, the family unit was a major component for hospitality within the Judaic tribes, which made a manifest unit that was bound to be respectful to one another. This early interpretation of hospitality was often thought to have been exclusive to the tribes alone, yet there is a great deal of information that suggests there was more connection to the outer world than once thought. The primary suggestion that early tribes were isolationist is an absolute in historical studies that has been challenged due to the nature social interaction that must have occurred for human connectivity to occur. However, the majority of opinions on these ancient tribes appear to provide an insular perspective on hospitality, since the laws of the tribe may have appeared exclusive to the tribe alone. But in certain case, one can derive a certain modernity about tribal customs that deviated from this linear view:"
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Parenting Guidelines for the Hispanic Community, 2008.
A discussion of parenting guidelines for the Hispanic community in America.
5,590 words (approx. 22.4 pages), 26 sources, APA, £ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses parenting guidelines for the Hispanic community in the United States. The paper explains that the success of any set of parenting guidelines for a particular ethnic group hinges on the author's ability to take on an ethnic-sensitive approach that incorporates the group's specific traditions, culture, religion, and experiences with the new and daunting culture. This paper then attempts to prove that a setting down of concrete parenting techniques (communication, conflict resolution, and the like) must take into account the specific experiences of the Hispanic community in the United States. The paper explains that, in order to prove the validity of this assertion, it is necessary to point to and elaborate on the conflicts that characterize this community. The paper also points out that these conflicts include the traumas of immigration and racism, the unique structure and role of the Hispanic family, and the Hispanic family's role in the acculturation process. The paper then reviews the relevant literature on the topic. In conclusion the paper shows that the ultimate goal of this research is to enlighten both immigrants and American born individuals to the real and perceived experiences those from other countries go through, as they attempt to raise their families in a sometimes stressful and uncomfortable climate. A revised outline for the paper is included with this document.
Outline:
Introduction: Summary of Purpose and Thesis
Racism and the Trauma of Immigration
Acculturation
The Structure and Function of the Hispanic Family
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States, with its fondness for the oft-quoted "bootstrap mentality," often discourages immigrants from dwelling on troubled pasts or inherited traumas. It is hardly shocking to read that immigrant groups (particularly those from non-European countries) encounter racism upon arrival in the United States, but Hispanics, with the large number of the immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries, experience discrimination of considerable magnitude. In their Latinos and Education, Darder, Torres, and Gutierrez argue that Hispanic students, before they even enter their first American classrooms, internalize the racism that seems to blossom in highly industrial countries."
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Economic Growth in the Stone Age, 2008.
This paper is a discussion of how and why economic growth was sparked in the Stone Age, specifically stating that climatic changes, geographic factors, and the growth of settlements with larger populations were the largest factors.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic growth that occurred during the Stone Age and aligns with Marshall Sahlins' view that the Stone Age was a society of affluence, stipulating that an affluent society is one in which material desires are easily fulfilled, as long as the needs of the people are few. The author argues that the primary factor in economic growth of the Stone Age was the climatic change that followed the end of the Ice Age. These climate changes caused food shortages, which in turn necessitated the development of tools for hunting. Later, in areas where geographic conditions were ideal, agriculture developed, which in turn spurred greater economic growth.
From the Paper
"The Neolithic Age was preceded by the rise of agricultural activities in several Stone Age communities. In general, the Neolithic period is seen primarily as an economic phenomenon, and its essence is seen as consisting in the new phenomenon of agriculture (Thomas). Of course, this did vary from region to region. By 5000 BC, peasant communities existed in Palestine, Iraq and Iran, and soon thereafter they appeared in India, Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean (Hawkes and Woolley 8). On the other hand, in Europe hunting persisted for thousands of years, and change came much more slowly. Moreover, Thomas argues that the situation was quite different in southern Britain, and possibly also in other parts of Britain, and in Ireland. The point Thomas wishes to make is that 'the Neolithic in Britain was not characterized by a single economic system' (7)."
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Mental Illness, 2008.
Compares the view and prevalence of mental illness among modern and traditional societies.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the view that traditional societies are less friendly to individuals with mental illness, which leads to the perception that there is less mental illness when, in truth, it is simply more well hidden. The paper then compares views of mental illness in modern socieites, and, in particular in Canada, to those of traditional socieities such as China, the Aboriginal socieites of Canada, and Middle Eastern societies and concludes that there is no single answer to how traditional cultures treat mental illness.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Mental Illness in Modern Societies
Mental Illness in Canada
Mental Illness in Traditional Societies
Mental Illness in Canada's Aboriginal Population
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is this kind of practice that differentiates the Chinese and the Canadian process of caring for the mentally ill and may lead to a difference in how they are perceived. However, the practice goes far beyond simple numbers on a percentage scale. Some traditional cultures rely first on their own traditional forms of mental healing, turning only to modern solutions when their preferred methods fail to work. In Morocco, for example, a Berber family might first consult a fquih, a traditional healer, before turning to the services of the Centre Psychiatrique Universitaire Ibn Rochd (CPU) to treat mental illness."
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"The Fall of Manhood" by Robert Sibley, 2008.
A review of an article in the 'Writer's Weekly' entitled "The Fall of Manhood", written by Robert Sibley.
946 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Robert Sibley perceives the role of the male in society, in his article "The Fall of Manhood". The paper explains that Sibley blames feminism for having confused male roles towards unwanted results in society. The paper looks at how this pattern prevails through the entire article through to a conclusion suggesting that women enjoy unfair advantages in society and that the result is none other than male violence. The writer then suggests that Sibley seems to feel that this male violence is to be expected, if not justified. The writer concludes the paper with the following question: If a gender neutral society and altered roles for males are to blame, then why has male violence been rather a constant force affecting women and children?
Outline:
Introduction
Paragraph Analysis
Conceptual Essay
For Further Exploration
From the Paper
"One explores violence against women, in terms of the way of thinking of a battering male and learns that the individual in question is not a 'fine' example of manhood, in the least, but a cowardly, usually insecure person who attempts to control a spouse or other women in his life in compensation. Whereas Sibley criticized eased divorce laws in Western societies, he does not reflect on why these laws have been pioneered in the later 20th century, in greater understanding of women who do need to leave violent or otherwise abusive marriages and who were not served by previous laws that made divorce difficult to obtain. Indeed, Sibley does not consider how prevalent male violence may have been in the past, though asserting that it is extremely common in the present and a result of social change that has removed male traditional roles and functions."
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Cultural Retention in the Caribbean, 2008.
An examination of the retention of food, religion and music traditions in the Caribbean.
991 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at three instances of cultural retention in the modern-day Caribbean. It discusses the region's cuisine, its faithful adherence to non-Christian religions and its vigorous local music tradition. The paper then outlines how each culture may be understood as a form of resistance to both European imperialism and to the homogenizing forces of globalization.
From the Paper
"Music is the third and final item on our agenda and, like the two preceding it, a review of music offers some valuable insight into how the oppressed peoples of the Caribbean/West Indies were able to retain at least some of their cultural traditions in the face of European hostility. First of all, "mento" music emerged as a distinct kind of Jamaican folk music in the early part of the 1900s, although its actual roots - like so much Caribbean music - are founded in African rhythms, Latin rhythms and Anglo folksongs. From roughly the midway point of the twentieth century onward, Mento was muscled aside by Rocksteady and by Reggae (Romer, 2007). Nonetheless, what is important about this music is that, even while slaves might have been compelled prior to independence to sing Christian church hymns, there was always time - albeit perhaps not much of it, and perhaps the singing itself was done in secret - to sing indigenous songs that recalled a long-ago African world."
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Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 2008.
A study of contemporary hunter-gatherers and its implications for the study of hominid ancestors, the ancient Australopithecus.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the predominantly vegetarian diets of both the early australopithecines and the present-day peoples of the Australian "out-back" and the African Kalahari. The paper also points out some of the unsettling racial dynamics, which have complicated scholarly investigations into what the comparative diets of these groups say about them and about their position relative to other branches of the human family. The paper then explores the group/social organization, the division of labor within Australopithecine camps and how and to what extent the ancient Australopithecines were food foragers and meat scavengers. The author of the paper relates that, in all of these instances, brief comparisons are drawn between the behavior and characteristics of the ancient Australopethecus and those of modern-day hunter-gatherers. The paper concludes that the similarities between the early hominids and today's aboriginal tribes suggest that we can learn much about the behavior and evolution of the former by studying the latter.
From the Paper
"For their part, it does seem as though the contemporary aboriginal peoples of Australia and the Kalahari of Namibia and Botswana - the two groups that offer the most by way of comparison to the ancient Australopithecus - are not especially enamored with scavenging, either, mostly because meat is not a vital staple of their everyday diet. To wit, The San speakers of the Kalahari have always had a preference for nuts, vegetables and for plant roots - although meat was (and ostensibly still remains) desirable as something of a luxury item."
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The Relationship between Life and Work, 2008.
A discussion of the relationship between work and home according to "There's No Place Like Home" by Arlie Hochschild and "Two Ways of Thinking about Money" by Jerome Segal.
735 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 13.95
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Abstract
This paper questions how the American dream has affected men and women today. It looks at how work has become more important than home and why people have become more worried about possessions than the simple life. The paper discusses these issues according to "There's No Place Like Home" by Arlie Hochschild and "Two Ways of Thinking about Money" by Jerome Segal.
Table of Contents:
A Summary of "Two Ways of Thinking about Money"
American Attitudes toward Work
From the Paper
"Reading both articles shows how Aristotle had an insight about greed, money, and possessions that affect people living today as they seek to obtain more and more possessions. The fact is that both writers are indeed correct because most women today to do feel happy staying at home with their children. Many fathers work long hours and they are not able to spend a lot of time with their children. The cost of different possessions today is so high that couples are deep in dept because they have bank loans, credit cards, and mortgage payments. Both parents have to work to pay these bills. Looking back at the simple life, when people only bought what they could afford and fathers worked a few hours to pay the bills, most people were more content and happy. Today, most people worry about how they are going to pay the bills, but in the same breath they are talking about how they are going to buy Nikes tennis shoes or send their children to basketball camp. Most people want more hours to work and more money to buy possessions. Greed has taken over the world making people unhappy and unsatisfied."
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The Functional Purpose for Racism in Society, 2008.
An argument that there is no functional purpose for racism in a civilized society, contradictory to Jefferey Reiman's views in Frances Henry and Carol Tator's "The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society."
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Marxist-functionalist perspective that racism serves to reinforce and organize social structures of societal control. It looks at Jefferey Reiman's views as expressed in Frances Henry and Carol Tator's "The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society." The paper argues that Reiman is incorrect and that there is no functional purpose of racism in a civilized society, but rather that racism is destructive in a free and democratic societal framework.
From the Paper
"Functionalism does have some useful insights to offer. While all behaviour is not caused by social structures, much of human behaviour is influenced by social structures. However, this does not mean we should accept racism. Rather, it is all the more reason to reject it. The more we can change to a society that is not built on racism, the more individual people will not become racists. And the fewer racists there are, the less pain and suffering will be caused by racist actions and statements. Therefore, we should be looking for social structures that perpetuate or create racism, and trying to change them. We should not assume that it is all for the best. That is a simplistic assumption. It is also contrary to the human quest of trying to improve things. Anyone can see that we do not have a perfect society. If someone is a functionalist, they will assume that social structures cause this imperfection. From that point, instead of accepting the imperfections, we should look for ways to remove them - not to accept and justify them."
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Living Between Two Cultures, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of higher education for immigrants living in the United States and the related cultural aspects.
3,685 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses a psycho-educational program that is targeted at the foreign student population of American higher education institutions. The writer notes that these types of psycho-educational group programs are designed to help the foreign student population better integrate socially and culturally. Further, the writer points out that these types of dimensions are often overlooked by higher education institutions which typically concentrate on assistance with academic performance only. The writer maintains that since the numbers of foreign born students studying within the United States is expected to increase, improving their acculturation process performance can benefit not only the institution of higher learning but the US' international standing and reputation as well.
Outline:
Abstract
Literature Review
Overview
Language Aspects
Cooperative Nature of Psycho-Educational Groups
Summary
Evaluation of Program Outcomes
Strengths of the Program
Limitations of the Program
Summary and Conclusions
Program Summary
Comparison to other Programs
Recommendations for Improvement
Recommendations for Future Study
From the Paper
"The idea is that these students must also be culturally integrated as well as linguistically capable. If they are able to comprehend all aspects of navigating common experiences in the US such as going to the bank or post-office but still lack any type of effective social skills and awareness in the host culture then they will still remain effectively isolated. The structure of these programs are in large part responsible for their success for both majority and minority language speakers because the students are not separated from their native language nor expected to lose their cultural identity but are give the tools and the opportunity to gradually work in the host culture environment. For the foreign born student, because so much of the instruction of these cultural familiarization and acculturation programs is in their primary language they receive a much more comprehensive education regarding what it means to integrate. However, it should be noted that these types of programs are offered outside of any official academic program and typically are not offered for credit and thus do contribute to a student's workload with little concrete return other than peace of mind. "
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The Harlem Renaissance and "Negro Art", 2008.
This paper explores the concept of "Negro Art" from the Harlem Renaissance period by analyzing the philosophies of two of that movement's central leaders.
1,440 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the philosophies of three leading figures of the Harlem Renaissance--Langston Hughes, George Schuyler and W.E.B. DuBois. The paper describes Langston Hughes' "The Negro and the Racial Mountain" in which he attempts to prove that the desire to not be associated with a specific ethnic class is tantamount to racial self-hatred. The author then explains that George Schuyler in his "The Negro Art Hokum" argues that African-American artists are not some sort of unified bloc and that the imposition of subject matter and style is belittling and racist. Next, the author of the paper applies the conclusions of Hughes and Schuyler to two paintings by Beauford Delaney, a prominent painter of the Harlem Renaissance. The paper concludes that the fairest and most logical approach to the study of "Negro Art" lies somewhere between Langston Hughes and George Schuyler.
From the Paper
"Another of Delaney's works that highlights the necessity of forming a compromise between Hughes' and Schuyler's contrasting theories on art is his famous pastel drawing of James Baldwin, the American writer and novelist. Although the two were close friends, Delaney does not attempt to transmit, through his strokes, a sense of his love of and appreciation for Baldwin. Had he wanted to do that, he surely would have created a different portrait than the eerie, anxiety-riddled, and yellow-hued portrait that he actually made."
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