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Child, Terminally ill Parent, 2008.
A review of the problems facing children when there is a terminally ill parent in the household.
2,022 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the environment in a home where there is a terminally ill parent is often significantly different than a "well" household. This is not only because this home has the paraphernalia associated with the ill, such as sick beds, pharmaceuticals, wheel chairs and the like. These factors cause tense situations that make all family members more stressful. The paper then discusses how children of terminally ill parents experience other frightening daily occurrences. The paper concludes that youth need assistance in dealing with death and grief in order to help them cope with the changes occurring in their lives.
From the Paper
"Many children and families go this situation. According to national statistics, by the age of 15, over a million children in the United States will lose a parent to a terminal illness (Mahoney, 2005). Although numerous programs and resources are available to help those children who are grieving the death of a parent, there are few organized interventions to help families cope with their children's emotional needs during the parental illness and treatment, when help is especially needed."
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Bipolar Children, 2008.
A descriptive account of the disorder known as bipolar syndrome and its occurrences in children.
2,106 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses bipolar disorder, which is a brain dysfunction marked by extreme changes in mood, energy, thinking and behavior. The paper discusses the onset of symptoms, medical diagnosis and car, age at onset, recurrence, sleep problems and additional behavioral syndromes.
From the Paper
"Second, lack of professional training has resulted in under and misdiagnosis of bipolar youth. Unfortunately, professionals trained during or before the 1990s are likely to have little or no knowledge and training with this illness. Third, changes in diagnostic criteria have led to inaccurate estimates of manic depression. Fourth, developmental variations in symptoms seen across the lifespan and those that overlap with other childhood disorders make it challenging at best for diagnosis. Due to the complexity of co-occurring disorders and the stigma associated with the disease, many professionals are less likely to diagnosis childhood bipolar disorder and more apt to diagnosis comorbid disorders. Fifth, until most recent years, the availability of psychometrically sound assessment approaches and valid research on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions and medications have been limited. "
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ADHD and ODD: A Case Study, 2008.
A case study of a child who has been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.
1,072 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the case of a 6-year-old boy affected with ADHD and ODD. The author describes the boy's behavior, giving examples, and discusses several of the concerns of his parents and educators. The author explains the methods currently used by his teachers and parents to work with his disorders and increase his attention. The paper also provides suggestions for further improving his attention and his learning abilities.
From the Paper
"Reflected in Michael's inability to sit still during read aloud time, Michael also expresses no verbal desire to read silently, or even flip through picture books for more than a few minutes. Michael states to the EA frequently that he does not want to learn how to read because it is boring. The EA has in the past had no answer but more recently devised a way to help Michael understand the importance of reading by bringing simple instructions to school that accompany objects and items that almost cannot be used without a careful reading of the simple instructions."
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Trans-Racial Adoption, 2008.
This paper researches the effects of trans-racial adoption on African-American children.
3,044 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the literature that shows how trans-racial adopted children develop more racially related adjustment problems, but that also shows how trans-racial adoption does not prevent or damage the children's self-esteem, relationships or school performance. The paper concludes that trans-racial adoption has been beneficial to some and not beneficial to others. The paper calls for a prompt and appropriate solution to the increasing demand for placement of African American children in need of adoption.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results and Discussion
From the Paper
"Trans-racial adoption has been defined as the practice of adopting children from a different race group (Newman 2002). The demand for more loving and skilled homes to provide homes for continuously increasing numbers of orphans, especially African-American children, has troubled policy makers to look for the best solution. The current problems prevent the biological families from caring for these children.
"Many African-American children in trans-racial adoption have been found to suffer from racial identify problems (Neal 2996, Briggs 2005). Other surveys found that these adoptees were generally well-adjusted, developed positive self-esteem and avoided discussing racial issues (Johnson 2003, Newman and Smith 2002)."
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Mothers' Interaction with Adolescent Children, 2008.
An analysis of African/Afro-Caribbean mothers from East London and how their beliefs influence their interaction with their adolescent children.
7,024 words (approx. 28.1 pages), 64 sources, APA, £ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper explores some of the parenting beliefs of church attending ethnic minority mothers. It specifically examines African/Afro-Caribbean mothers from East London. The paper discusses their values and beliefs in relation to their daily interactions with their teenage children. It analyzes the data using an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to ascertain emergent themes and structures.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research plan
Introduction
Relationship Between Systems of Meaning and Mental Health
Religion
Therapeutic Work and the Use of Religion as a System of Meaning
Debates Relating to Religion and Spirituality in Work with Family Systems
Belief
Religion and Effective Family Functioning
This Seems to be a New Section on Methodology
Motherhood and Ethnic Minority Women
The Growth of Church Attendance in Minority Groups in the UK
Suicide
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Incredibly powerful and talented Black lesbian and bisexual women have either isolated themselves in lonely closets or succumbed to drug addiction, and even committed suicide because they feared both societal and familial rejection. From a historical perspective, the pressure lesbians faced in the past is understood. However, even today, black lesbians in the upper echelons of society still have to choose between silence and success (Asanti, 2001). Until the year 1969, most people who identified as GLB generally could not be open about their sexual orientation and publicly respected in the United States, unlike to European countries. Same-gender sexual behavior has existed throughout history;. However, until about 1850 the labels heterosexual, lesbian, and gay male did not exist in Western societies. Many adolescents are likely to experience sexual interests and behaviors for the first time in their lives during puberty. Many sexual attraction, but not self-label as lesbian or gay male (Anhalt et al., 1998)."
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Hearing Loss and Maternal Bonding, 2008.
This paper researches neonatal hearing loss and its effects on maternal interaction and bonding.
8,753 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 26 sources, APA, £ 125.95
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Abstract
The paper evaluates the effects of neonatal hearing loss on the quality of bonding with hearing parents, bonding in general, bonding of parents to special needs children, the interaction of hearing parents with the deaf infants and the psychosocial stressors on parents with special needs children. The paper reviews the procedures surrounding universal newborn hearing screening, its effectiveness and the satisfaction parents feel with currently used hearing screening processes.
Outline:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
False positives
Parent-Child Interaction
Typical Mother/Child Interaction
Attachment
Parental Stress
Methods for Assessing Interaction and Bonding
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Definitions are often helpful before a full literature review is undertaken. For the purposes of this study, we shall consider congenital permanent hearing loss to be defined as impairment > 40 decibels (dB) at the time of screen, relative to the threshold level. This level is considered significant in that hearing loss at this level is associated with greater than average deficit in verbal compared with non-verbal abilities up to 25 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (Yoshinaga-Itano, 1998)."
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Children, TV and Video Games, 2008.
This paper looks at the effects of television and video games on children.
3,172 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that controls are placed on certain products and on advertising when targeted to children. The rules covering these regulations have changed over the yeas, based on perceptions of potential harm to children and the Internet age has raised new issues related to video and computer games, the content of which is often violent. The writer points out that television is a special case because it comes into the home and because controls can be imposed more easily as broadcasters must adhere to the requirement to serve the public in exchange for a license. Today, though, most people get television through cable, with many channels that are specifically for cable, and the same regulations and controls do not apply. The writer explains that this reduces the ability of government to pass and enforce rules on content for children. The writer notes that video and computer games are also widespread, though some regulations have been passed to reduce the ability of children to get such games if they are deemed to be not for children, largely through a ratings system with varying degrees of adherence to imposed norms. The writer maintains that concerned parents still want more rational and more effective controls on such content and a solution to the problem.
From the Paper
"Advertising on programs for children has been under fire for many years. Some object to images of violence, as with the sale of war toys or cowboy gear, and others object to unrealistic images of women, exemplified by products like the Barbie doll. Controversy has also centered on the very concept of developing the next generation of consumers, with some seeing television advertising to children as a way of creating a need where none existed and selling products that are not needed while accustoming children to the idea of being consumers. At some level, this can be a more abstract fear, not as clearly tied to a specific product or type of image, but it can be quite persuasive when one consider the number of ads directed at children, the way toys and other products are sold to children, and the way other products are geared to children, such as sugary cereals and soft drinks. Advertising to all markets increases at certain times of the year, notably in the fall into December, with advertising developed for Christmas and the buying season then and after as bargains attract buyers into the new year. An analysis of the commercials directed at a young audience for films, DVDs, and video games shows some of the selling methods and the appeal made to young people as well as the pervasive nature of such advertising messages, increasing as they do during the months before Christmas in order to increase sales of these products."
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Unhappy Marriage -Alternatives To Divorce, 2008.
A discussion on the the subject of saving a marriage as an alternative to divorce.
1,022 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that unhappy marriages do not always justify divorce. The elaborates on this assertion, stating that divorce is not always necessary for every unhappy marriage and that happy marriages that are healthy but unhappy for superficial reasons are often capable of salvation as long as both partners are equally motivated to make the necessary changes. The paper then points out, however, that, conversely, divorce is more advisable where either partner is not willing to make the changes necessary to improve the marriage, and especially, where partners chose each other in the first place for dysfunctional reasons, or progressed to marriage immaturely. The paper then discusses the differences between salvageable and unsalvageable marriages.
Outline
Salvageable vs. Unsolvable Marriages
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In general principle, some marriages are potentially salvageable because even though they may have evolved into unhappiness, they did so by virtue of relatively superficial reasons. Conversely, other marriages are completely impossible to improve, because the factors accounting for their evolution into unhappiness are not superficial, but rather, due to fundamental incompatibilities between the partners (Kasl 1998). Sometimes, in fact, marriages whose unhappiness was originally caused by relatively superficial reasons generate so much conflict and perpetual resentment that it is simply impossible ever to rekindle the mutual feelings of romantic love and genuine affection that are prerequisites to happiness in marriage."
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Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), 2008.
A discussion of reactive attachment disorder (RAD).
1,291 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses reactive attachment disorder (RAD). The paper explains that RAD arises from failure of developing a loving, lasting relationship with an attachment figure. The paper then looks at the two types of RAD - the inhibited and the dis-inhibited types. the paper also points out that adolescents who failed to bond with an attachment figure may also present with problems that reflect an inhibited type of RAD. The paper discusses the several controversies surrounding RAD and concludes that there is a need for the welfare sector to recognize the risks of being institutionalized.
From the Paper
"Children who are institutionalized or are adopted often fall deprived of having formed a bonding relationship with their mothers. It has been said that the longer a child is institutionalized, the graver is the child's hunger for affection or withdrawal from others. However, problems of RAD are not exclusive among adopted children. A child who failed to form a concrete bond with his mother may develop RAD. The effects of reactive attachment disorder are often reflected throughout the various stages of one's life. A study involving toddlers less than 48 months old and were maltreated and subsequently placed in foster care showed symptoms of RAD. It revealed that these toddlers present with symptoms of RAD severely. The study also correlated the existence of maternal risks such as psychological problems, age, ethnicity, and history of substance abuse. It was seen that children of these mothers often showed RAD of the inhibited type (Zeanah et al., 2004). It should also be emphasized that these children often experience the effects of interrupted bonds long after they have formed attachments in the more favorable care giving environments of their adoptive homes."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2008.
A look at how childhood sexual abuse can affect an adult's working ability.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This work discusses the subject of child sexual abuse (CSA) and serves as a review of literature, specifically one particular piece that deals with child sexual abuse. The literature is a contemporary research article involving the reporting of CSA and work ability and functioning as an adult. The work will briefly introduce the concepts of CSA and its controversies and commonalities and will then move on to review S. J. Lee and R.M. Tolman's 2006 article "Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Work Outcomes".
From the Paper
"The development of tougher laws and responsibilities regarding the incidence of child sexual abuse has often been associated with an evolution in the ideas of the potential and real long term effects of child sexual abuse on victim survivors. (Najman, Dunne, Purdie, Boyle & Coxeter, 2005, p. 517) For many years there has been a research movement that attempted to demonstrate long lasting negative effects of CSA among adult survivors of CSA, to both underscore and under gird the need for tougher laws, greater enforcement and increased responsibility for reporting among professionals. In general the law has begun to demonstrate a zero tolerance policy regarding CSA and has increased and leveled out the sentencing of convicted offenders, through minimum mandatory sentencing. (Cassell, 2004, p. 1017) Changes in public opinion regarding CSA have had a significant impact on incidence reporting which in all accords has increased, creating a sense that incidence has increased substantially in the last 30 or so years. The claim that CSA has increased in incidence is therefore an unknown element of modern life, as we do not know if it has increased, decreased or leveled out at a norm, as reporting has spiked incidence to relatively epidemic like levels. (Bolen, 2003, p. 174) What we do know is that reports are increasing in number and that CSA occurs and it occurs frequently."
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School Bullying, 2008.
An analysis of the physiological and psychological damage of bullying in school.
1,325 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The objective of this paper is to examine the effects that bullying and teasing in school have on elementary, middle school and high school students and the resulting damage to their physiological or psychological growth.
Outline:
Introduction
Bullying and PTSD
Lifetime Harm
Stressors Chemically Burned Into Long-Term Memory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Nader and Koch entitled: "Does Bullying Result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? Relates that bullying in schools "is a widespread problem that has received greater attention in recent years." (2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relate that bullying "occurs repeatedly over time and involves and ongoing pattern of harassment, intimidation and abuse." (2006; p.1) Furthermore, bullying may be physical or relational and generally occurs at school and "between peers within the same school year." (Nader and Koch, 2006; p.1) Nader and Koch relates that there have been studies to report negative psychological and physical effects of school bullying which include "...reduced self-esteem, poor physical health, decreased school attendance and performance and increased depression and anxiety." (2006; p.1) "
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Breaking the Barriers, 2008.
A study carried out to present to the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia to canvass help for a children's help center.
17,602 words (approx. 70.4 pages), 37 sources, APA, £ 170.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a study compiled as an application to the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia for support in a help center that works with children with mental disabilities. The forte of the Al Aoun Centre, which has been operational for more than twenty years, is the assistance it provides to children in need of speech and hearing therapy who are mentally disabled.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Organization and Management
Operating Strategies Strategies
From the Paper
"The Saudi Arabian healthcare system is a national health care system. This means that health care services are government provisioned and this is accomplished through a number of governmental agencies. There is an increasing need for private sector health care provision of health care services in Saudi Arabia. The government agency in charge of administering health care is the Ministry of Health, which provides primary health care services through providers. Services provided include preventative services, rehabilitative and curatives services. In a recent report published in the Record it is reported that the School of Medicine's Health Administration Program along with BJC HealthCare's International Healthcare Services "has launched an unique executive master's program for Saudi Arabian physicians and health-care ministry executives at the request of the Saudi Ministry of Health." (Miller, 2006) The report states that the program "was created specifically for 18 participants from the Riyadh-based King Fasad Medical City, a four-hospital system that is one of the largest medical complexes in Saudi Arabia." (Miller, 2006) According to Daniel K. Mueller, Ph.D, assistant vice-chancellor for international affairs: 'Health-care systems in the world are all changing, and the ministry sees the need to train executives in the basic principles of management, finance and organization to improve health care for the population of the King Fasad Medical City serves." (Miller, 2006) One of the lessons that this programs teaches "is the importance of enhancing healthcare by improving the processes hospitals use." (Miller, 2006)"
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Surrogated Motherhood, 2008.
This paper looks at whether surrogate motherhood should be either banned or regulated by law.
4,042 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper mainly discusses in- vitro fertilization and surrogate pregnancies that are contracted, in which case the surrogate mother is usually a contracted person, with no link to the donors. In the case of contracted surrogate pregnancies, there is no way to judge the health of the surrogate mother and no regulation to see that the medical fraternity does not use the persons who are infected by diseases that could be passed to the infant. This paper affirms that laws must therefore be passed in such a manner that voluntary surrogate mothers are screened, identified and certified in such a manner that the resultant infant is not traumatized by diseases. The donors must be similarly screened. Furthermore, this paper looks at the idea of commercialization, within surrogate pregnancies. Namely it discusses the free market and the prostitution model. While some surrogate mothers do agree for altruistic reasons, where there is a demand, there will be a commercial supply. Since such children are at risk of being abandoned and neglected by the surrogate mother as well as by the donors, it is considered to be the duty of the state to enact laws to make sure that the donors, the surrogate mother and the genetic material are all fine to prevent deformities. In cases where such deformities do occur, the law must make the donor parents responsible for the child. Also, this paper asserts that there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood.
Outline:
Introduction
The Definition of Surrogate Motherhood
Adoption, Surrogate Motherhood - The Contrasts and Commonalities
The Arguments Favoring Regulation and Ban
The Arguments Against the Ban
Legal Problems
The Legal Controls Ought to be Set
Current Global Situation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is well if the resultant child is perfect what is the case if the child is born with deformities? What if it is liability? The management and care of such babies have legal moral and ethical implications. What is the relationship between the woman and the child in such cases at childbirth? For example the simple case of a low weight baby and in the case of mentally and physically challenged babies born to surrogate mothers, what will be the position and who shoulders the painful task? In the United States the Federal Government intervenes. In the UK the problem is ignored or the issue is glossed over. (Lee; Morgan, 1990) Judges have been sentencing mothers for not caring for the children in the womb. There have been cases of sentences handed down to mothers who consumed drugs and passed it on to the baby in the womb. Fetal neglect is now culpable. This shows that the state is concerned more and more with the unborn child and its welfare. The issue of in vitro fertilization and the knowledge of in genital illnesses are changing the perceptions of the society and the prevailing values are being modified. (Blank, 1992)
"The commoditization of sexuality has brought in the prospect of baby selling and prostitution. Poor women and even affluent ones are not above selling babies in the black market. The baby for sale has all its features added up to its price. The better suited ones getting the better price. The participants tend to market the baby in the fashion of a commodity and that is where the question of the babies with deformities and their fate steps in. There is likely to be more feticide and infanticide. The issue of 'Baby selling' drags down humanity considerations. (Warren, 1991) Originally surrogate mother hood was not a baby selling proposition. Yet today it has assumed the features of baby selling. Just as prohibition of payment exists for adoption, there must also be a prohibition of payment for surrogate motherhood. The courts sometimes have applied the baby sale acts to bar surrogate motherhood."
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Embryo Donation, 2008.
A look at the subject of embryo donation.
1,370 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of embryo donation, which is related to a number of moral, legal, psychological and social implications. The paper relates that, in spite of these implications, embryo donation is, nevertheless, the only solution to incapability of producing cells in a few patients. This paper then sums up the symptoms for embryo donation as well as the process and contemplation in preparing both the donors and the recipients.
From the Paper
"Embryo donation is examined to be a sort of third party reproduction. In vitro fertilisation frequently results in a number of frozen, unused embryos after the woman for whom they were originally created has successfully supported one or more pregnancies to term. In embryo donation, these additional embryos are provided to other couples or women with the aim of causing a successful pregnancy. The child produced after following this entire process is supposed to be the child of the woman who takes it and gives birth, and not the child of the donor, the same as happens with egg donation or sperm donation."
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