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Child Sexual Abuse, 2007.
An analysis of the affects of child sexual abuse on at-risk youth behavior.
3,285 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates how the sexual abuse of children has an effect on at-risk youth behavior. The paper explains the relationship between being sexually abused as a child and youth behavior and then takes a look at how this problem is being addressed by the family, school, social service agencies and/or the government. The paper also focuses on ways to assist children, who have been sexually abused, avoid at-risk behaviors.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Sexual Abuse Of Children And Its Impacts
How Sexual Abuse Of Children Has An Affect On At-Risk Youth Behavior
How This Problem Is Being Addressed
Solutions To Assist Children Who Have Been Sexually Abused
From the Paper
"Lastly this particular research also found that depression did not necessarily explain the correlation between child sexual abuse and high risk sexual behaviors. This finding is actually consistent with previous research which has evaluated the interaction effects of emotional status and sexual abuse as it related to high risk sexual behaviors. The study found there were no interaction effects of depression on the correlation between child sexual abuse and sexuality variables such as the amount of unwanted pregnancies (Addy et al 2003). On the other hand, girls with high anxiety scores who also had experienced child sexual abuse had the most significant number of unwanted pregnancies (Addy et al 2003). In addition, Morrill, Kasten, Urato, and Larson (2001) discovered that depression and problems with drug and alcohol addiction did not serve as a link between sexual abuse and sexual risk in a sample of both women and men in substance abuse facilities in Massachusetts (Addy et al 2003). Overall such findings propose that the affects of child sexual abuse impact sexual behaviors through a social learning process (Addy et al 2003). That is this process is developed as a result of modeling and reinforcement as opposed to indirect contributory factors such as depression (Addy et al 2003)."
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Vocational Training for Youth at Risk, 2007.
This paper discusses vocational education and mentoring as it pertains to a specific American school system.
11,924 words (approx. 47.7 pages), 89 sources, APA, £ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper deals primarily with vocational education and mentoring as it pertains to the Duval County school system, and discusses some of the problems that many individuals face when they do not get the education that they need to move into a proper career. The first chapter examines the statement of the problem and provides detail about why a study of this nature is necessary. It also discusses the research objectives that were created by the researcher and ensures that there is a thorough understanding of what will be studied.
In chapter two, the literature on the subject is reviewed. Since there is not enough literature to provide a comprehensive account of vocational education when it comes to Duval County, other areas of vocational education and mentoring education are also examined. The goal is to show that vocational education is something that can affect students in all school districts and in many different circumstances. The third chapter deals with the methodology of the issue and how the study itself was conducted. The type of data collected, as well as where it came from and how it is analyzed are all important issues discussed in Chapter Three. Chapter Three also provides a strong lead-in for Chapter Four, where the data that was collected is actually analyzed. This analysis is at the heart of the study, and the objectives that were created in Chapter One are dealt with again in light of the information collected. In the last chapter, the information is summarized and conclusions are drawn about the issue. The recommendations for future research into the area of vocational education and Duval County are also provided.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Vocational Programs for At-Risk Youth:
The Case of Duval County
Statement of the Problem
Background of the Problem -- Duval County School
Background of the Problem -- Duval County Department of Juvenile Justice
Research Objectives
Chapter II -- Literature Review
Minority and At-Risk Graduation Rates
Mentoring At-Risk Youth
Characteristics of Vocational Education
Chapter IV -- Data Analysis
Chapter V -- Summary and Recommendations
Summary
Recommendations
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"As Duval County continues to grow and change, one major concern is the development of the county's youth. Today, youth are faced with tremendous challenges. Many of these challenges include: drugs and alcohol, violence, impoverish living conditions, and poor educational system. In addition, many youth face the future unprepared for the advancing workforce. Youth are left feeling helpless, undereducated, hopeless, and a sense of underachievement. Sadly, this has become the reality of our society and for our youth. Vocational training program has become a better way of equipping our youth for today's workforce. Studies suggested that despite a well developed educational system and multiple programs for at risk youth, Duval County School District still has a dropout rate higher than that of other districts and numerous socio-demographic factors that are impacting students' achievement (COJ, 2003). Despite being the sixth largest school district in the area, Duval faces many unique challenges that educators and state officials are attempting to overcome. "
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Internet Safety and Youth, 2007.
This paper discusses the risks that the use of computers and the Internet post to children.
1,096 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the difficulty with children using the computer is that some people online may use computers to gain access to children for inappropriate and even criminal reasons. The writer points out that children, by their nature, will not have the skills on their own to avoid the dangers that can come with Internet access, so it is up to parents and educators both to protect children and to teach them how to keep themselves safe online. The writer concludes that parents and educators can create a computer environment that allows children and youth to develop those all-important computer skills without being victimized by Internet predators who seek to harm them.
From the Paper
"When children cannot fully protect themselves, it is up to the adults around them to act, which is what AOL executive Teri Schroeder did. She realized that young people were contacting AOL about the problem of adults inappropriately approaching them online. They didn't go to their parents because they were afraid that their parents wouldn't let them use the computer any longer. Schroeder investigated how predators lured these kids away from monitored discussions into unsupervised, private chat rooms, and founded "I-Safe," a non-profit group designed to teach young people how to stay safe while online. Congress responded to her actions and provided funds for school outreach programs. I-SAFE teaches educators how to help protect the students in their charge. It also works with community leaders to promote safety online for children and teenagers."
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Aggression Replacement Training, 2007.
This paper describes aggression replacement training which works to give adolescents positive alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior.
2,328 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a thorough explanation of aggression replacement training and the basic tenants of this form of therapy. The goal is to give adolescents alternatives to their aggression and antisocial behavior and teach them to recognize the precursors to their physically aggressive and threatening behavior. The author also cites the importance of adolescents considering the consequences of their actions and taking positive control of their situation. The paper further describes the three intervention techniques used that correspond with the three components of aggressive behavior.
From the Paper
"A group format is generally used for this type of training, because the dynamics of the group can be used to help advance learning much more quickly. Some of the ways that learning is solidified are through role playing, homework assignments, and the repetition of important concepts (Glick, et al, 1986). There are both pre- and post-tests that are given to the adolescents in order to help determine whether the program was effective and how much skill development the participants have seen, and adults that have interaction with these adolescents outside of the group, such as probation officers, teachers, and parents, are given information that explains the techniques and terminology that are used in the program (Goldstein & Glick, 1994). "
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Foster Children, 2007.
This paper examines foster care and its effects on children.
1,169 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the history of US foster care and explains that the concept of foster care has existed for centuries. The paper discusses how today there are numerous safeguards to protect children from abuse and neglect by their parents, as well as from foster families. The paper relates that the exact psychological toll on foster children is unknown, yet it is known to exist. The paper suggests that older children may suffer more than younger foster children because older foster children have had a longer relationship with the birth family.
From the Paper
"During the 1600's, with no social welfare program established, children in the American colonies were typically viewed as assets who could help with the household income, while orphaned, poor, or illegitimate children were usually farmed out as indentured apprentices to learn a working trade (History). In the 18th and 19th centuries, abandoned and orphaned children were sent to publicly funded shelters, called almshouses, and from there, they were typically claimed by relatives or strangers for use as household servants (History). During this era, these 'foster parents' received public funding, however there were no checks and balances to ensure the children were being cared for properly (History). "
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Literacy Rate among Juvenile Delinquents, 2007.
This paper argues for an educational program for juvenile delinquents.
2,450 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that that there is a predictable link between poor educational achievement and delinquency. The writer then argues that, for that reason, there should be an instruction program in places where juveniles are incarcerated. The writer maintains that, unlike the strategies for delivering educational services to incarcerated youth, the evidence as to the need for these services is available, and boldly obvious. The writer concludes that in order to bring meaningful, productive reading practices into juvenile detention (correctional) facilities, there needs to be public pressure in order to help change the way things are now done.
From the Paper
"In some houses of youthful detention, up to 70 percent of inmates were identified as receiving special education services. When juxtaposed with public schools - in which around 12.7 percent of students have educational disabilities - the need is very clear; using the guidelines of the Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act, when one adds specific learning disabilities with emotional disturbance issues, a total of 86.3 percent of incarcerated youth are receiving (or should receive) special educational services, the authors continue."
"After all, if society is terming these facilities "correctional institutions," there should be mitigating strategies applied to the lives of the inmates, especially when they are young and still have a chance to learn new skills and become useful and productive members of society."
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Adolescent Sex Offenders, 2007.
This paper addresses the subject of minors who commit sexual offenses.
3,315 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines what causes minors to commit acts of sexual abuse, as well as whether or not such offenders have diagnosable and treatable psychiatric and/or anti-social disorders. The writer points out that juvenile sexual offending appears to traverse racial,cultural and economic boundaries. The paper also describes those youths whose profiles potentially fit that of a sex offender. The author concludes the paper with treatment options for offenders.
From the Paper
"Characteristics that offenders sometimes have in common are being dependent individuals with feelings of inadequacy stemming from early family histories characterized by conflict, disruption, abandonment and exploitation. Approximately 80% of all perpetrators were sexually abused themselves as children. Once a child is sexually abused it has a horrible effect on them, which causes them to suffer from devastating psychological breakdowns."
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Victim Empathy and Sex Offender Therapy, 2007.
This paper explores therapy for sex offenders that is based on developing empathy for their victims.
1,746 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses current trends in therapy for sex offenders that are based on developing empathy for the victim. This paper cites literature which shows overwhelmingly that therapists believe "victim empathy" if approached with a well-trained, informed and experienced professional, has more positive outcomes than other methods. The writer concludes that effective therapy involves some sort of meeting, under therapeutic circumstances, for the victim and the offender.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, Adams suggests that "victim empathy has long been considered an important dynamic variable in sex offender treatment," and as a result of this history of victim empathy being incorporated into therapy, "most treatment programs have modules designed to increase victim empathy." Adams goes on, however, to assert that "most" victim empathy treatment modules are "primarily cognitive" and as a result, the offender fine-tunes an "appropriate verbal response" but no real changes occur within the offender's emotional self. That doesn't mean, however, that there is no value in victim empathy, since some studies Adams is familiar with show "a relationship between a person's capacity to experience and express their own painful emotions and the capacity to respond sympathetically to the emotional pain of another.""
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Television Violence and Children, 2007.
This paper explores the effects of media violence on children.
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how violence has always been an integral part of the television cartoon format. The paper explores research on the effects of violence on children and shows how younger children tend to be more deeply affected by televised violence than older children. The paper maintains that the correlation between television violence and the development of aggressive patterns of behavior obligates parents to become involved in the monitoring of violent scenes for their young children.
Outline:
Introduction
The Increasing Amount of Violence in the Media
Research on the Effects of Violence of Children
The Role of Parents
From the Paper
"Violence has always been an integral part of the television cartoon format and there is an increasing acceptance of media violence in our society. It is as if we have become inured or immune to scenes of violence. This also applies to accepted violence in cartoons aimed at very young children. As one critic states: " Every Disney cartoon I watch is violent. They all have very dark scary moments." ( Dickinsin A. 2000, p.90) Numerous studies also emphasize the connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in children. Experts state that there is no doubt about the relationship between television violence and the development of aggressive tendencies in children."
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Juvenile Justice Florida, 2006.
A review of Florida's juvenile justice problems.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the issue of juvenile crimes. According to the paper, it appears to be that the states imposing the harshest punishments and consequences for juvenile crimes also have the highest crime and recidivism rates for the very juvenile offenders that they are attempting to rehabilitate. Florida is an example of such a state.
From the Paper
"Another state-specific problem relating to the juvenile justice situation in Florida is the seriousness of offenses for which juveniles are transferred to the adult justice system. According to Macallair (2000), 28% of these youths were charged with violent offenses. The rest were charged only with minor offenses. The harshness of punishment in such cases appears to be disproportional to the crime. Indeed, Macallair states that the system was originally implemented to target the "worst of the worst". This does not appear to be the case in reality.
A further problem specific to Florida entails the disproportionate representation of race in cases transferred to the adult court system. According to Macallair's report, African American youths are 2.3 times more likely than their white counterparts to be transferred to the adult court system. "
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Memory and the Hippocampus, 2007.
This paper examines the effects abuse has on the hippocampus (a part of the brain) and the powers of recall.
2,329 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the formation of emotion, motivation and long-term memory happens in the limbic system and is performed primarily by the hippocampus. The paper relates that at age 6 or 7, memories consolidate and beyond this time, new memories are usually not processed. The paper shows how, therefore, if a person was abused or neglected as a child, painful or unbearable memory is preserved for a lifetime. This causes damage to the hippocampus and the powers of recall, making a healthy, normal life of open communication extremely difficult or impossible. The paper stresses how this is a consistent condition among survivors of severe childhood abuse whose subsequent interpersonal relations in later life are seriously compromised.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Methods
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Psychologists and neuroscientists generally agree that the hippocampus plays an essential role in the formation of new memories about experienced events and as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system for facts and episodes (Wikipedia 2006). These memories last a lifetime but the role of the hippocampus ceases after a period of consolidation of the memories. Damage to it renders the formation of new memories or anterograde amnesia very difficult and impedes access to stored memories before the damage or retrograde amnesia. It is believed that older memories are transferred out of the hippocampus to other parts of the brain as a result."
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Community Actions Programs, 2006.
A review of community actions programs (CAP) and HIV/AIDS.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines community action programs (CAP's) and how they relate to substance abuse or dependence and HIV/AIDS prevention. The paper highlights which community programs promote initiatives to combat substance use and how it affects HIV/AIDS.
Outline:
Introduction
Community Actions Programs
From the Paper
"With this being understood Community Action Programs that address both issues are needed and necessary. The article explains that one such program called the Circle of Care which operates in Detroit, Michigan. This program offers ongoing assistance to those suffering form HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. The program uses assessment planning, intervention and evaluation to assist those with these problems. The program provides accompaniment to healthcare appointments, has an integrative treatment program, and the program also makes sure that participants are adhering to the plan (Anderson et al). According to the author the treatments from this program resulted in improved health and functioning and decreased drug use. "
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Controversial Commercials, 2006.
A look at the problem of controversial commercials and their effect on children.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at advertisers, commercials and the effect and influence that they have on the young generation. According to the paper, children are the most vulnerable group of viewers, too young to be able to distinguish between right and wrong.
From the Paper
"It is also important to mention here that children are more attracted to commercials than older people. They are less likely to enjoy the actual program and may wait for commercials because the jingles, the colorful sequences and the fast action are some of the things that they find far more engrossing than regular programs. Thus they typically are more attraction to advertising (Alexander & Morrison, 1995). We must also understand that the fact that children love advertisements more is evident from the pace and style of some actual programs which appear like commercials to attract children attention. This was the main factor in the development of different kind of pace and style in children's program 'Sesame Street' (Lesser, 1974). Since children also watch television more often than viewers between the ages of 18-34, it means they are more likely to be influenced by what they watch. An average American child is likely to be exposed to 600,000 television commercials during their first 20 years (Black, 1997)."
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Bullies in School, 2007.
A look at the growing problem of aggression amongst school children.
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how bullying is not a new problem, but because of the increasing incidence of violence in schools, the problem has become a focus of attention for researchers. The paper examines the nature of a bully and his/her victim and the consequences bullying has on the targeted child. The paper explains that both bullies and victims are at risk for greater problems later in life if the bullying is not stopped. The paper suggests that students, teachers, principals and parents should be actively involved in an ongoing program. The paper concludes that with effort, commitment and a good school-wide program, bullies can be eliminated and even transformed into friends.
From the Paper
"Bullying used to be thought of as a natural part of growing up. Adults tended to ignore bullying. Since the tragedies at Columbine and Littleton, however, people are taking the problem much more seriously. Fortunately, much more is now known about bullies and their victims and what can be done to make schools safer for children. Along with the increase of knowledge from research, greater public awareness of the problem has also developed. Fox & Bolton (2003) point out that "every school in England and Wales is now legally required to have an anti-bullying program in place--e.g. a school policy" (p. 231)."
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