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Child Abuse, 2007.
This paper explores the definition, boundaries and legal response to child abuse.
2,365 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how there are no black-and-whites when it comes to human behavior. For example, it is not always to determine at what point yelling at a child becomes emotional abusive or when spanking turns into something physically violent. The paper looks at the difference between spanking and serious physical abuse. The paper contends that more progress needs to be made in terms of adjudication and the legal system. The paper examines the statistical reporting of child abuse and considers whether child abuse is over or under-reported. The paper concludes that as long as many inconsistencies exist with the law, it is necessary for the judicial system to look at sentencing on a case-by-case basis.
Outline:
Introduction
Definition of Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Spanking Versus Serious Physical Abuse
Study by Baumrind Showing Most Parents Spank Without Ill Impact on Children
Statistical Reporting of Child Abuse Numbers
Disagreement of Over/Under-Reporting of Child Abuse Claims
Investigative/Tool Inconsistencies
Racial/cultural Misrepresentations
American Psychology Association Recommendations
Suggested Actions to Take to Improve Child Abuse Adjudication Problems
From the Paper
"However, even within the law there are blurry areas, such as how does one define the word "serious"? Is it necessary, for example, to reprimand parents who spank their children? Is this a "serious" crime? In her article "Parents May Be the Ones Needing Spanking," Pitts cites a study by Dr. Diana Baumrind, a psychologist at the University of California at Berkeley, who followed 164 middleclass families from the time their children were in preschool until their 20s. Results showed that most of the parents used some form of corporal punishment, but giving a mild spanking--defined as openhanded swats on the backside, arm or legs--did not leave their children scarred for life. Although Baumrind opposes spanking, she was able to make a distinction between minor punishments such as spanking and harsher variations including shaking and blows to the head or face."
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Traditional Family, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of the decline of the traditional family.
1,618 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the decline of the traditional family structure and concomitant values has been the subject of many worried religious and social documents. The writer notes that these documents quote high divorce rates as the reason for all social problems from crime and suicide to the Aids pandemic. Further the writer notes that single-parent families are demonized by many for their propensity towards abuse and poverty. Gay marriages are seen by many as the ultimate disgrace; a parody of the healthy family structure. Others hold that the family structure has historically not been extremely stable and that to blame escalating crime and suicide rates solely on this decline, is somewhat unbalanced. The writer maintains that like many other social phenomena and paradigms, there are therefore more than one view of the issue, some of which are examined in this paper. The writer concludes with the opinion that the country is not facing a national crisis with regard to the family.
From the Paper
"Po Bronson makes the same point in terms of family structure. He quotes a report by the United Nations in its finding that there is an increasing diversity of household types in modern society over the last few decades. Like Carlson, Bronson points out that the phenomenon of family complexity is hardly new. The difference is however the causes of the celibacy, single-parenthood and reconstituted families during Victorian times as opposed to the same phenomenon today. Po cites morality levels, economic constraints and ideological choices as some of these reasons for pre-Victorian family diversity, while the ideological attitude today has changed from the uniform ideal towards tolerance and acceptance. It is this tolerance and acceptance that are often used by religious and social groups to lament the decline of the family as a "national crisis"."
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Nurses and Separation Anxiety, 2007.
A look at the importance of nursing interventions for separation anxiety in childhood.
981 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is a serious matter that concerns children and their caretakers. This paper examines how pediatric nurses may be part of a child's treatment for SAD, while other nurses may need to address a child's disorder while treating the child or the child's parent. The paper argues that, for this reason, it is important for all nurses to be aware of SAD and how they can intervene when they encounter a child who requires intervention.
From the Paper
"Symptoms and signs vary child to child. Signs of SAD may not be immediately recognized for what they are, especially in young children who lack the communicative abilities to express their fears (Pincus et al., 2005 Sometimes a child may become physically ill when separated from their loved one, resulting in vomiting, headache, stomachache or other ailments common of stress reactions (Fontain, 2003; Hillard, 2006). Children with SAD want their parent to stay with them at all times, even where impractical or illogical, such as at school or when sleeping (Hillard, 2006). The affected child might follow a parent at close distance, shadowing them as they go about other tasks. "
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Crayola Crayons, 2007.
An examination of crayola crayons and a look at the impact they have on our lives.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how crayola crayons have been part and parcel of every American child's upbringing and that many memories have been formed as a result. It discusses the origins of these popular crayons and then looks at the impact they have had on education. It concludes that they have provided a medium that allowed us to express our artistic and mischievous side that will be handed down to our children and our children's children, creating more memories and legacies of carefree and fancy-free days of youth.
From the Paper
"Now that we've seen the birth, growth and continuing trend of how Crayola Crayons have been component personal and national awareness, we can again walk down memory lane and trace the evolution of the various colors of Crayola Crayons. As we've seen in 1903 the birth of the eight colors, 1949 saw the addition of 40 colors to the repertoire with the colors flesh, turquoise blue, melon, maroon, mahogany, maize, periwinkle or thistle added, just to name a few. There were 16 colors added in 1958 with aquamarine, blue gray, burnt orange, cadet blue copper, forest green, goldenrod, Indian red, lavender, mulberry, navy blue, plum, raw sienna, raw umber, sepia, and sky blue as part of the collection."
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Interrogating Juveniles without Parents, 2007.
An analysis of the ethical and legal ramifications of interrogating a minor without his/her parents present.
3,149 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethics and legality of interrogating juveniles without their parents being present, particularly if the juvenile has requested their presence. It discusses tactics used in interrogations in order to improve the chances of receiving a confession. It then discusses whether there are special Miranda rules for juveniles and the consequences of that. The paper ends by discussing any practical considerations that should be taken into account when dealing with juveniles.
Table of Contents:
Just the Facts
Case by Case
II. The Interrogation
Interrogation Points
Criminal Interrogation Ethics
To Tell the Truth
Juvenile Facts
III. The Presumption of Innocence
BARD
Just the Facts
No Question
Practical Considerations
From the Paper
"Geraghty & Drizin (1999) contend that Judges frequently fail to speak up and propose thoughtful solutions for the senseless injustices they see done to children on a daily basis. Some judges who are empathetic to the new juvenile justice draconian approaches fail to speak out as they support the "get tough" policies. Other judges fail do not verbalize counter thoughts as they are concerned they would inevitably become entangled with the political process and violate the Code of Judicial Conduct's prohibition and foster the impression they lack impartiality. This researcher posits that one daily injustice regularly practiced in the legal system is the interrogation of isolated juveniles."
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Bullying, 2007.
This paper explores the serious issue of bullying in schools.
1,366 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that because definitions and measures used in studies vary tremendously, the exact prevalence of bullying is difficult to generate, however, it is considered a large-scale problem with serious consequences. The paper offers various definitions of bullying and reveals that bullying occurs from a need for power and control, which results in a feeling of dominance and an achieved status. The paper talks about the attributes of a bully and victim and concludes that the best intervention is communication. The paper stresses that parents should talk to their children and schools should incorporate discussions of bullying behaviors in classes.
From the Paper
"In the June 22, 2003 issue of the School Psychology Review, author Susan M. Swearer notes that the most challenging aspect of bullying prevention programming is reaching a consensus on a definition of bullying (Swearer). However, most definitions of bullying include the idea that bullying includes "both physical and verbal aggression, which is a systematic, ongoing set of behavior instigated by an individual or a group of individuals who are attempting to gain power, prestige, or goods. Tactics might also be directed at the threat of withdrawal of a friendship" (Swearer)."
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Children and Parental Loss, 2007.
An examination of the impact on children of losing a parent due to divorce or death.
1,618 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the problems children face upon the loss of a parent due to divorce or death. The paper provides a literature review which includes long-term studies on the effects of divorce on children. The paper further explains that these effects may include school problems, or more serious issues such as dropping out, drug use and crime. The author cites research that supports the view that the trauma of divorce for children is in some ways more complex and has wider developmental and psychological ramifications than the experience of death. Both death and divorce are extreme experiences in a child's life and both can have a wide range of native psychological and developmental repercussions.
From the Paper
"The possible long-term impact of divorce can be seen in recent figures which show that children from broken homes are often more prone to drug addiction and the dependency on chemicals. A study by the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta states that, "... 75% of children/adolescents in chemical dependency hospitals are from single-parent families." (A Generation At Risk) The reason for chemical dependency among children from divorced homes can also be linked to the development of behavioral problems that can result for the effect of the loss of a parent. As a finding for the National Center for Health Statistics states: "1 out of 5 children have a learning, emotional, or behavioral problem due to the family system changing." (A Generation At Risk) "
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Abstinence, 2007.
This paper discusses abstinence as the only reliable method of avoiding unwanted pregnancies among teenagers.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that sex education became a popular mode of addressing the problem of teenage pregnancy when the issue turned into a pressing and alarming concern. The writer argues that abstinence is found to be the only real and substantial approach to handling the problem, as it is clear that other approaches have failed to produce the desired result. The writer maintains that that abstinence-based programs have been far more effective and successful in bringing down the rate of teenage pregnancies than sex education programs. The writer concludes that abstinence is rightly considered the more effective approach and is thus being implemented in a large number of schools across the country.
From the Paper
"The reason traditional sex education is criticized is because teaching students about safe sex makes them believe that as long as they are using contraceptive, engaging in sexual activity is acceptable and safe. But that sadly is not the truth. There is medical evidence indicating that abstinence and not safe sex is the only reliable method of avoiding pregnancies. One article compared the effectiveness of sex-education programs in schools and found that schools with abstinence-based program had better results. These programs were more effective in preventing teenage sexual activity and pregnancies. Khouzem The Teen-Aid abstinence education curriculum has been widely used in Washington's city of Edinburgh for 5 years."
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Father-Daughter Relationships, 2007.
This paper explores father-daughter relationships and how they affect the daughter as she becomes an adult.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the bond that a daughter has with her father is very important because of the understanding of men and relationships that she gets from this particular relationship. The paper examines the potential consequences of divorce. The paper discusses how forcing children to stay in the same house with the parent they are not closest to after the divorce can often cause unhappiness and rebellion. The paper also looks at the effects of a father dying and relates that this does not not seem to be as severe and lasting as the effect of a father leaving the marriage.
From the Paper
"How a parent and child interact when the child is young can have serious consequences for the child later in life as he or she grows into an adult and potentially has children of his or her own. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the relationship that a father has with his daughter. Daughters often look up to their fathers and when they are older they look for men like their fathers to marry. If their father is a good man, this is a good thing, but if their father is not a good person the daughter can end up as an adult in a bad or abusive relationship with a man because she feels as though that is 'the way it should be' because it is 'the way that her father treated her and her mother.'"
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School Shooting - Conyers, Georgia, 2007.
An analysis of the events leading up to and following the school shooting in Conyers, Georgia in 1999.
1,913 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the school shooting at the Heritage High School in Conyers, Georgia in May, 1999. It summarizes the actual shooting incident and analyzes the available signals and signs to determine if the shooting could have been prevented. The paper then evaluates the actions of the school administration and the parents after the incident. The paper concludes by discussing possible scenarios on whether the shooting could have been prevented.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
School Shooting - Conyers, GA
From the Paper
"Conflict resolution programs and preventive measures do not begin and end with the school or its administration but rather, it should start at the child's home. For one, how come Solomon had access to the guns - it is assumed that his parents own the guns he used for the shooting? Parents should be first and foremost on the lookout for changes in their children and a healthy, loving and open communication atmosphere should be maintained at home in order to encourage children to talk about their problems. Solomon's parent could have "possibly" prevented the incident if they were more aware of what's going on with their son. An on-camera statement, given exclusively to CNN by Mae Dean Daniele, offered no explanation for Thursday's shootings by her son, Thomas "T.J." Solomon Jr. (CNN News, 1999). Solomon's mother stating such is no excuse because she as a parent, she should have been more attentive to how her son has been acting up prior to the event. AS the NMHA states, "Knowing how to talk with your child about school safety issues could be critical in recognizing and preventing acts of violence, and will play an important role in easing fear and anxieties about their personal safety (NMHA, 2006)." But like everything after the fact, it is difficult to second-guess the actions of people."
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Hispanic Drug Gangs, 2007.
An examination of the population and issues associated with Hispanic drug gangs.
1,695 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the ethnic composition of street gangs, with an emphasis on those that attract Hispanic youth. Also discussed are the activities of drug gangs and their association with organized crime. Several theories describing the Hispanic gang phenomenon are presented, although the author believes they do not account for all the factors affecting Hispanic street gangs. Other theories also have to be considered in the understanding of this phenomenon.
Outline:
Introduction and Overview
Theoretical Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
" There are a number of different characteristics that set Hispanic street gangs apart from other gang types. These include the fact that Hispanic gangs are more likely to develop along ethnic and racial lines. It should also be noted in this regard that the term "Hispanic" is a nebulous term which is often used to include other indigenous cultures such as "...Chicanos, Mexicans, El Salvadorians, Cubans, South Americans, and anyone else from a Spanish-speaking country." (THE PROBLEMS OF DEFINITIONS ) Latino gangs are usually mainly male dominated. "Females who seemed to be with the gang all the time were perceived as more of a support system, companions, girlfriends, and some were referred to as "party animals." (THE PROBLEMS OF DEFINITIONS ) "
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Teen Gangs, 2006.
This paper discusses teen gangs and the theories behind why teenagers join these gangs.
1,625 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the primary purpose of gangs may be to engage in criminal activity, they serve other social functions that attract teens as gang members. The author points out that researchers have developed a variety of different theories to explain the proliferation of gangs such as criminological theories, which focus on the social aspects of crime and gang membership. The author points out that the advocates of social disorganization theory suggest that this theory is more comprehensive than any of the criminological theories and may be able to supply a broader solution to the gang problem.
From the Paper
"In addition, many people believe that gangs are only an urban problem. This impression has a basis in reality; the majority of gang activity is concentrated in large cities and suburban areas. Furthermore, these areas large urban and suburban areas are more likely to report long-established gang activity. However, gang activity is spreading to smaller urban and rural areas. The spread of gang activity may be very significant because of the composition differences between established and newer gangs."
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Internet Addiction, 2007.
A study of the negative implications of Internet addiction.
4,261 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a review of relevant literature about Internet addiction. The paper studies what the direct relationship is between times spent on the Internet by young adults and their physical and mental health. The study's conclusion is that we need much more effort in controlling severe Internet addiction (IAD) among youth. The paper discusses how the chief problem with IAD in the current environment is that most youth think their obsession with the Internet is normal. The study concludes, therefore, that the first step necessary for us to begin the process of helping those with severe IAD among youth is to help them recognize some of the dangerous health concerns related to their habit.
Outline:
Literary Review
Research Question/Hypothesis
Methods
Survey Questions
Results
Reliability
Discussion
From the Paper
"In her landmark research "Caught in the Net", Young set about to create a definitive test using the DSM-IV, which resulted in the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). This test along with patient feedback has painted an alarming picture in regards to IAD especially among youth. Using the IAT test among youth worldwide, internet addiction especially within college has risen over 200 percent in the past five years. In Korea, 39.6 percent of college teenagers were found to have mild to severe IAD, with detrimental effects to both their physical and psychological health (Young, npg)."
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No Child Left Behind, 2007.
This paper addresses unresolved problems in the educational reform known as "No Child Left Behind Act."
2,171 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines problems in the No Child Left Behind Act, which was considered to be one of the most significant attempts at educational reform in recent history. The author considers how the Act affects students, teachers, and communities. Additionally, the author takes the position that No Child Left Behind Behind (NCLB) has had an overall negative effect on the educational movement in America and that there is need for a change in NCLB strategies. The author illustrates these points with several reviews of several publications.
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, the American Federation of Teachers asserts that "flaws in the law are undercutting its original promise" (www.aft.org), and federal guidance for states "has been unclear, untimely and unhelpful." Moreover, the AFT statement on their Web site indicates serious concerns about the "pervasive problem" of under funding; the cornerstone for NCLB is Title 1, and the authorization for Title 1 in 2006 was scheduled to be $22.75 billion (according to the legislation). But President George W. Bush has only put $13.3 billion in his budget request. "This continues a pattern of underfunding for NCLB," AFT explains, adding that the $9 billion left out of Bush's request is "crucial" to more than 1,700 secondary schools."
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