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Criminology Theories, 2007.
This paper discusses criminology theories and looks at how they help prevent crime and reduce criminal behaviors.
1,122 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two criminology theories and holds them against the current social phenomena of adolescent substance abuse. The writer explores the relevant theories. The writer notes that as mankind continues to study the criminal element, it continues to develop theories that can be applied to criminal behavior. The writer then explains that two well known criminal theories are labeling and social bonding. In each of these theories there are markers to help explain some of the behavior patterns when it comes to adolescents and substance abuse. The writer points out that it is important to understand how these theories impact the problem, so that future attempts can be made to proactively prevent substance abuse.
Outline:
Introduction
Labeling Theory
Social Bond Theory
Relating Theory to Social Issue
Influence
From the Paper
"In a recent study regarding the labeling theory, adolescent participants were asked if they had received labels from professionals and asked if their families and friends had labeled them, and if so what the labels were. The adolescent's encounters with juvenile courts, social workers and substance abuse programs were also recorded to determine if the label theory supported the participants' background and labeling.
The study concluded that being labeled with a negative label, can create negative behaviors in adolescence.
In addition, the participants did record a higher level of drug use if they had received negative labeling from professionals and personal interactions."
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Child Abuse, 2007.
This paper discusses problems and solutions for managing the child abuse reporting system.
2,315 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that problems, such as false reporting and accusations, cultural misunderstandings, racial bias, unnecessary harsh sentences and overall judicial inconsistencies, exist in the child abuse reporting system. The author points out that the large percentage of inappropriate reporting also places an unnecessary burden on the already overwhelmed child protective agencies and threatens to undermine public support for their efforts. The paper suggests that, with time and experience, it will be possible to standardize the approach toward sentencing so individuals will receive accurate judgments of incarceration, probation, education or acquittal based on the true circumstances. This paper includes several long quotations.
Outline:
Introduction Definition of Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
Spanking versus Serious Physical Abuse
Study by Baumrind: Most Parents Spank without Ill Impact on Children
Statistical Reporting of Child Abuse Numbers
Numbers of Reporting Increased 20 Times
Large number of "Unfounded" Reports
Inappropriate Reporting Places Unnecessary Burden on Child Protective Agencies
Better Reporting on What to/Not to Report
Disagreement of Over/Under-Reporting of Child Abuse Claims
Investigative/Tool Inconsistencies
Racial/Cultural Misrepresentations
American Psychology Association Recommendations
Learn about the Culture
Examine Discrepancies between Accepted Cultural Practices and the Behavior
Look at the Continuum of Cultural Behaviors, Determining Relationship Socioeconomic Issues such as Poverty and Substance Abuse
Is Alleged Abusive Behavior is Truly Harmful to others?
Person's Level of Acculturation to U.S. Culture
Reporting Bias
Suggested Actions
Narrow the Scope of Child Abuse and Neglect Definitions.
Place the Investigatory Powers with the Police
Re-Criminalize Child Abuse and Neglect.
Repeal Mandatory Reporting Laws Effect in all the States.
Make Child and Family Services Voluntary
From the Paper
"As with any law that is passed, it is necessary to clearly define terms so that certain persons or groups of persons are not being treated differently in terms of that law and the punishment fits the crime. In cases of child abuse, there are numerous cases, especially with severe physical, psychological or sexual violations, where an individual should receive a strict penalty. However, there are also a large number of others cases where the abuse is minimal, questionable (spanking, for example), cultural, or even misinformed. In these latter situations, it may be better to find alternate ways to help these individuals and the victims."
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Classroom Environment Design, 2007.
This paper discusses the design of a secondary classroom environment and looks at child development theories.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The objective of this work is to design a secondary classroom environment. This work includes a statement of which child development theory best represents the needs of the grade level together with an explanation of why this theory is believed to be superior to other theories. The writer additionally provides clear indications that the plan takes into account the child developmental stages and variations that may exist among students of the same chronological age. The writer concludes that the classroom environment that is characterized by different learning activities as well as cooperative and inclusive learning, will provide a solid base to prepare students for entrance into the world as effective and functionally adept individuals.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Child Development Theories
Application of Theories in Classroom Environment Design
Specific Classroom Components
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The computer center will be used by students on assigned days for groups of students and will be an interactive group learning activity as well as will the activity center; small group learning center; and library-reading center. Each student will be assigned to a group that utilizes each of these centers on a rotating basis with each group being assigned to each learning center at least one day per week. The classroom-learning environment will be designed in a manner that is characteristic of cooperative and collaborative learning. Group assignments will take into consideration the ability of students and will assign students into groupings making sure to include more capable students, students with mid-levels of capability and the less capable students evenly throughout the groupings so that the more capable students are able to assist those less capable in the assigned learning tasks. The use of the various learning activities integrates Gardner's theory of 'multiple intelligences' into the learning environment that is supported by Vygotsky's theory of the 'zone of proximal development' in order to further the learning potential of students. Rules of conduct in the classroom will be of mutual respect with stated rules of classroom behavior made clear so that no misunderstanding might occur."
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Nature of Family, 2007.
This paper analyzes the nature and status of family.
2,308 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the dynamics of the family and the multifaceted nature of it provide the opportunity for a multidisciplinary approach to it. Further, the writer discusses that biology, anthropology, history, literature and psychology can all provide at least a limited view, that, if put together, create a more holistic vision of the family, as it has changed and evolved through time. The writer points out that each discipline has strengths and weaknesses with regard to identifying family dynamic and status. This work briefly addresses how the information from the sources can be integrated, or is incongruent. The writer also discusses what still needs to be learned to have a complete picture of the nature of families.
From the Paper
"This observation could be explained by communication differences or many environmental cues that are present in the human world but are not in the primate world, but many years of scientific observation of both primate and human lends credence to Smith's claim. Additionally, the literature piece 'A Long Days Journey into Night', as well as many other pieces of literature that discuss human maltreatment of children seem to effectively prove Smith's point. Smith's work is focused mainly on the biological and psychological aspects of child rearing but does not always have a great deal to say about the family in general, though one could apply some of the basics in the work to a broader understanding of how these elements, of great import interact to alter the nature of the family in a more general sense."
"In 'Our Babies, Ourselves Small' also focuses on the child rearing aspect of family, as is suggested by the name, but she does so from a multicultural perspective (ethnopediatrics), combining anthropology, pediatrics and child development disciplines to review extensive cross cultural research on child-rearing."
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A Positive Body Image, 2007.
This paper discusses the positive body image of African-American adolescent females.
1,256 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that African-American adolescent girls have a more positive body image than white adolescent girls. The paper attributes this to the media, including film and advertising, that portrays African-American women differently than white women. The paper also notes that African-American girls may have closer family structures and better relationships with their mothers that may positively affect a girl's view of her own body.
From the Paper
"Previous studies examining the body image of adolescent girls have established a number of ideas about how perceived body image effects the actions and life choices of those girls. Some report body image as a factor in sexual activity (Rosenthal, Smith, & de Visser 319). Others see the media and advertising as playing a large role in the shaping how girls feel about their bodies (Hylmo; Baker). Finally, healthy attitudes from parents and other factors related to early home life also seem to play a part ("Girls' Body" 51)."
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Video Game Addiction, 2007.
This paper discusses video and Internet game addiction.
1,132 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at five studies that show how addiction is associated with adjustment problems, such as school performance and aggressive attitudes and behaviors. The paper concludes that more research needs to be conducted in the area of video game/Internet game addiction.
From the Paper
"With each advance of technology as the creation of the telephone, radio, and television, psychologists have conducted research to determine the positive and negative impact on adolescents. Recently, the game playing on the TV and Internet have become one of the major entertainment vehicles for youths. Online gaming, similar to activities in previous generations, has raised concerns regarding the effects on behavior. These games appeal to adolescents for many reasons."
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Child Poverty in Arizona, 2007.
This paper discusses the high child poverty levels in Arizona, U.S.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that child poverty, high school education and health insurance are widely recognized as the standard indicators upon which the social health of a country is measured. The paper reveals that all the above statistic indices are unfavorable in the case of Arizona. The paper provides a brief overview of childhood poverty and the current statistics for Arizona. The paper analyzes the social factors that contribute to child poverty and looks at the growing social problem of drug abuse. The paper contends that alleviating childhood poverty should not just be a slogan, but a high priority issue.
Outline:
Thesis
Introduction
Arizona: Childhood Poverty (Statistics)
Poverty and Drugs
Other Social Indicators
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United States is undoubtedly one of the best-developed nations in the world. Equal is its strategic might with its military presence in innumerable countries across the world. Amidst all these achievements and high standard of life style that the nation enjoys, it seems ironic that the US also bears the dishonour of being the worst among developed nations when it comes to the number of children affected by poverty. Children are the future of any nation and hence their proper overall development is of utmost importance. Nationwide, Arizona alongside Louisiana and Mississippi continues to suffer from high child poverty rates with disturbing consequences for the youth."
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Cell Phones and Privacy, 2007.
This paper questions whether tracking technology is necessary to ensure child safety.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper contends that the use of the global positioning system technology, as a way for parents to follow the movements of their children, is an invasion of privacy and essentially is a tool for spying. The paper highlights the harm caused by the parental use of tracking technology. The paper asserts that cell phones are not always reliable in terms of their coverage anyway and also points out that a child can simply turn the phone off and thereby cut off the parental observational abilities.
Outline:
Thesis
Literature Review
From the Paper
"There is already plenty of evidence that citizens are slowly but surely losing privacy; the federal government simply taps phones when it wants to and uses the justification that it is fighting terrorism; bank accounts are also subject to government snooping in the name of the war on terror; and just about every public building and retail store and parking lot has camera trained on all who pass by or enter. This society is now being watched, monitored, observed and recorded at levels that are unprecedented. It's time to take a close look at our privacy."
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The California School Nutrition Policy, 2007.
This paper investigates the California school nutrition policy for K-12 grades and recommends changes to that policy.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that foods and beverages consumed on school campuses are becoming increasingly unhealthy, which leads to increased blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and obesity in students across the nation. The author points out that school nutrition programs, which frequently are accountable to district management to sustain their operations financially, are often at the mercy of fast food sales to generate these revenues. The paper suggests various programs by which California schools can help students understand the importance of making good food choices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
School Changes
From the Paper
"For many years, school nutritional concerns consisted of making sure the students bought their lunch tickets each week and were sent through a lunch line where they were given a tray of something resembling food. One day might offer a scoop of mashed potatoes, heaped with gravy while the next day may provide macaroni lathered in cheese product. During those years parents, teachers and students accepted what was referred to as "cafeteria food" without complaint. In recent decades however, the focus has shifted to eating healthy nutritious foods for one's entire life ..."
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Teen Behavior, 2007.
This paper looks at adolescent changes and teen behavior.
761 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines teen behavior, including the causes behind what they do and the consequences of their actions. The paper explains how the behavior of teens is directly related to their physiological and psychological changes and suggests several steps that can be taken to modify their behavior.
Outline:
Introduction
Teen Behavior
From the Paper
"A great deal of the existing research concerning this topic asserts that the behavior of teens is directly related to the amount of physiological and psychological change that is taking place within the adolescent. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) adolescence is the period between puberty and adulthood; usually between the ages of 13 and 19. During this period, teenagers' endocrine glands begin to generate hormones that result in transformations in the body and the development of secondary sex characteristics. In females, the ovaries increase the manufacture of estrogen and other female hormones. In males, the testicles increase the manufacture of testosterone ("Puberty and Adolescence")."
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Domestic Partners and FMLA, 2007.
This paper discusses FMLA and domestic partner relationships.
1,172 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer presents an examination of the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) and looks at how it relates to homosexual couples. The writer explores various companies that provide benefits for domestic partners as well as state statutes that mandate such policies. The writer claims how unfair it is that benefits are not federally mandated for the FMLA when it comes to domestic partner relationships. The writer points out that children are being adopted every day by gay couples and those parents are being deprived of spending the first few months at home bonding with that child. The writer maintains that a negative impact on the workforce is produced by the lack of federal mandate for FMLA with domestic partnerships. The writer concludes the essay with a personal point of view.
From the Paper
"In today's society many couples are non traditional. They are fully committed to each other and their life together but for various reasons are not married. Same sex couples are not allowed to be married and many heterosexual couples don't believe the government should force them to have a formal ceremony to commit to each other.
The FMLA leaves those couples out in the cold. Recently companies across the nation have taken a close look at the impact refusing domestic partner benefits has on the morale of their workforce and have decided to implement benefits on their own. In addition some states have made the move to mandate coverage for domestic partners through their jobs."
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The Meaning of Service, 2007.
A description of the meaningful activities in the author's life.
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper is a personal essay describing the meaningful aspects and activities of the author's life. In particular, the author points to mentoring and tutoring as fulfilling and meaningful volunteer projects. The author discusses why teaching is exciting and also tells about volunteering as a soccer coach. This paper could be used as an example of a personal essay or a scholarship or college application personal statement.
From the Paper
"This illustrates another principle of service--by giving back to others, you are also giving back to yourself. I like to think that in my own way I am paying tribute to the people who mentored me, when I was growing up and still formulating my own ideas about school, myself, and the world. This sense of paying tribute to past mentors by aiding others is further evident in my offering of free babysitting services. Growing up, I saw how difficult it is to strike a balance between work and family for parents. Having affordable and reliable childcare is very important, especially for working moms today, and I like to think that I make the lives of parents a little bit easier, and that they can have peace of mind when they leave their children in my care. Taking pride in being regarded as trustworthy is another way that performing service is a gift, for both the person who serves as well as the recipient of the server's gift. "
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Biracial or Bi-cultural Families, 2007.
An analysis of the effects on children raised within biracial or bi-cultural families.
6,560 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the inherent problems that exist in families characterized by parents and stepparents of a biracial union or of a union that is characterized by diversity in terms of ethnic, cultural or religious differences. It also looks at diverse households headed by lesbian or gay parents. The paper analyzes the socio-cultural theories of Roland Tharp and the 'Spheres of Influence' as proposed in the work of Dr. Joyce Epstein.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
Intervention
Outcomes
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is clear that it is not possible to just 'ignore' the differences that exist in hopes that they become illusory or nonexistent because these differences are real and are dynamic in the lives of these children. What has been noted in this study to be of great importance is the active participation of the parents and stepparents in the daily activities and events that take place at school because as these parents integrate themselves more fully into the community they effectively place safezones into effect for their children and at the same time present a model for other parents and other children as to the appropriate behavior in the face of the differences that exist. It is not possible that these differences will merely go away but what is possible is that the community at large will become used to the differences thereby enabling the children to fully participate in the school and community events without having a brand upon them due to these differences in racial or culture."
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Quality vs Poor Child Care, 2007.
This paper looks at the impact of day care on the developing child.
2,367 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cases of child abuse in all its types continue to increase in the past years, some occurring in child care centers or committed by babysitters and other child caretakers. The writer notes that symptoms of abuse may also indicate the quality of care. Further, the writer discusses that parents must also contend with the high cost of quality day care services and risk the possibility of their children developing poor social skills in these child care centers. The writer also points out that current research showed that regular day care does not have to interfere with the emotional connection between a working mother and her infant. The writer concludes that adequate provision for the child's basic physical needs, the feeling of being valued, being allowed to play and the mother's personality traits weigh much more heavily.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Hypothesis
Method
Findings and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Meyerhoff discusses how the economic, cultural and social revolution in the country 50 years or so ago has driven young women and mothers to join the workforce. To adjust to the change, child care centers were set up to keep the children while their parents worked. Scientific evidence stands that children raised primarily at home develop much better social skills than those who spend a lot of time in group care. These young children in the company of other young children in group care learn social skills among themselves through imitation and operant conditioning. Every child will try some strategy, which will get him what he wants. In addition, many parents have started to feel guilty about separating from their children and leaving them in the care of others. They wish the situation could be more beneficial. Parents can make the arrangements needed to address this problem, but they should not be distracted away by modern conveniences from the fundamentals of authentic human development. When a problem turns up, the author invites parents to focus their attention on the expectations they place on the child's behavior rather than on the child's behavior itself."
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