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Social Learning Theory: Application to School Shootings and Violence, 2007.
An examination of social learning theory focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi in October of 1998.
3,667 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses school shootings in America, focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and his violent acts in October of 1998. The paper explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through social learning theory. The paper explores the foundations of social learning theory and arguments against this theory in relation to school shootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how social learning theory can be used as a predictor of school violence and then discusses the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. In conclusion, the paper shows that for the criminal justice system and society as whole it is evident that the only answer to school shootings and violence is to begin to work together in a manner that allows for preventative measures to be taken and for children to once again have faith that the adults who are supposed to protect them will and that the world that is supposed to be supportive of them will function to accomplish that mission.
Outline:
Abstract
Etiology
Prediction and Prevention
Recommended Criminal Justice Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the case of Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi, it is evident that the conditions described through social learning theory existed and that these conditions contributed to the actions taken by the juvenile. For example, early in his life Woodham became engrossed in the philosophy used by Hitler. It was not difficult for Woodham to witness the results of Hitler's philosophies, as those results are consistently present in the social order as a matter of social history. Woodham was capable of retaining these events because they were constantly reinforced through exposure to the ideas discussed in relation to Hitler through the people that he knew and the studies that he personally conducted."
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Cultural Sensitivity in the Child Welfare System, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of improved cultural sensitivity within the child welfare system.
3,229 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of improvements in cultural sensitivity in the child welfare system of the United States. It discusses the reasons for these requirements and how it would help to make the organization an effective entity within society. It also looks at the role of the leadership within the child welfare system in supporting and promoting this cultural sensitivity.
From the Paper
"The research supports the concept that child welfare agencies would benefit from developing culturally sensitive environments. This is evidenced through systems approaches that acknowledge that all elements within a system, or culture, should be considered as a means of understanding the system. Additionally, culturally sensitive environments can be impacted by the workers that support the organization and the leadership styles that inspire workers to meet new objectives and visions for a culturally sensitive workplace."
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Family Dynamics, 2008.
This paper explores the dynamics of familial interactions and characterization in National Lampoon's film "Christmas Vacation."
2,281 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the family dynamics of the Griswold family in National Lampoon's classic parody of Christmas films, "Christmas Vacation," using Dorthea Orem's model of universal self-care. The paper provides an experiment into the functionality of a fictional family through exploring the characters of Clark Griswold (husband and father), Ellen Griswold (wife and mother), Audrey Griswold (teenage daughter), Rusty Griswold (son in early adolescence) and Eddie Johnson (cousin-in-law).
Outline:
Introduction
Cultural Assessment of Family Structure
Universal Self-Care Requisites
Developmental Self-Care Requisites
Nursing Systems Used to Meet These Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Griswold family is a traditional nuclear family consisting of father, mother, and two siblings (male and female). Typically, all interaction within this family is expressed between the four primary members. In the film, circumstances are altered so that the immediate family is changed and multiple members of the extended family are brought into stay within the same household. This affects the dynamics of the immediate family and impedes normal behavior. According to Orem's theories, it is now no longer possible for the Griswold family to engage in their conventional stable roles within this setting. However, the actions of the immediate Griswold family indicate that their roles are highly defined and that they are attempting to conform to them. This is especially evident in the actions of Clark and Ellen."
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The Image of Women in Society, 2008.
This paper examines the process of gender socialization as portrayed in various images.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the image society has of women through an examination of a child's toy (the Kim Possible Doll), advertising images for Skechers and the television show "The Closer." The paper discusses how the external image of youth, beauty and especially being thin is projected as a virtual necessity. The paper looks at the harmful effects this has on the self-image of girls and young women trying to emulate what they believe is the ideal.
Outline:
Introduction
Kim Possible Doll
Skechers Models
The Closer
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The prevailing doll image offered to young girls for many years has been the Barbie Doll, the image of an extremely thin young woman, with an emphasis on thin-ness, beauty, perfect hair, and perfect makeup. This is only one source of this sort of image, and many of the images from popular culture reinforce this idea.
"Meta G. Carstarphen and Susan C. Zavoina write specifically about the experience of adolescent girls and note how these girls are influenced by images of girls their age in magazines like Seventeen and Teen, among other sources, and the authors note first that advertising is directed at young people because they represent an important target market, if one that is particularly vulnerable: "A time of awkwardness and opportunity, adolescence represents a critical time of identity formation for both boys and girls" (Carstarphen and Zavoina 94)."
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The Detrimental Effects of Legalizing Prostitution, 2007.
An examination of the disadvantages of legalizing prostitution.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the detrimental effects of legalizing prostitution, and explains why sanctioning and punitive options are much more effective than creating a legal, economic prostitution market. The writer points out how the legalization of prostitution would only serve to promote the sex industry and provide it economic and political power. The writer strongly asserts that one of the most important issues that many advocates of legalized prostitution overlook is the promotion of child prostitution. The writer also believes that human rights and health issues, in addition to the moral conflict that surrounds prostitution, should be the main reasons for not legalizing prostitution.
From the Paper
"Similar to the ethical debate for the legalization of narcotics and marijuana, prostitution invokes moral and social conflicts unlike any other issue. Prostitution is one of the oldest female occupations in the history of the world, and the sale of sex and the female body has always been a hotbed of debate. With the growing influence of the adult entertainment industry, governments are running out of regulatory options. Many government officials are forced to look at the option of legalizing prostitution, in an effort to economize the market and provide legal jobs for women. The argument for legalization stems from the theory of decriminalization, rather than the government intervening with morality on its coattails."
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The Importance of Friendship, 2008.
This paper explores "Charlotte's Web" by E. B. White and the important role of friendships.
1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at "Charlotte's Web" and at the friendship of Charlotte and Wilbur. The paper discusses how friendship is important in building a child's social-emotional development. The paper explains that friendships provide trust, and love as well as teach children how to develop a healthy awareness not only of their own feelings but also of others'.
Outline:
The Importance of Trust in Building Social-Emotional Development
Children Need Friendships in Social-Emotional Development
Social-Emotional Development and Love
Building Self-regulation through Friendships
The Importance of Social-Emotional Development by Helping Others
From the Paper
"One of the most important things that parents can teach their children is trust. However, children learn trust not only through their parents, but also through other relationships such as friendship. This bond between one friend to another can last a lifetime which can be seen in the book, Charlotte's Web. Charlotte is a friend that saves the life of Wilbur. Other relationships are also important in the story such as between father and daughter, Wilbur to Charlotte, and Fern to Wilbur. The relationship of friendship is important in building a child's social-emotional development."
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Children in a Global World, 2008.
This paper discusses the ways that children are harmed in today's global world.
1,202 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that children are hurt in today's global world and often little is being done to prevent the problems created by a global world. The paper looks at extreme problems of poverty, war, or trafficking as well as the common problem of social deprivation faced by children of parents who work full-time in America. The paper discusses how children in the United States must be protected from abuse in their homes. The paper states that children are the future and if they are not protected there will be no future.
From the Paper
"Should Americans be more concerned about children? How is globalization affecting children in America? How does it affect children in other countries? Should Americans be concerned about social reproduction in the lives of children? These are important questions. These topics have been discussed in class, yet does any one truly understand the problems children are having not only in other countries, but also here in America? Looking at the agenda of child concern will show that globalization is affecting social reproduction in America. Social deprivation is a problem beginning in day care and continuing until they are adults. Children who work in other countries where poverty is an issue are actually given better care than children of parents who work full-time in America. Considering what has been taught in class and research will show that as students more concern must be given to children to prevent problems in their futures."
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Teachers' Attitudes Towards Gay Students, 2006.
A discussion of the attitude of Roman Catholic school teachers and their approach to their homosexual students.
1,015 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of the Roman Catholic school teacher in the life of the young gay student by reviewing three books on this topic: "Educating for Life - a Spiritual Vision for Every Teacher and Parent" by Thomas Groome, "Fully Alive - a Family Life Education Program" by Ontario Conference of Catholic Bishops and " The Courage to Teach - Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life" by Parker Palmer. The paper discusses how a teacher needs to appreciate a gay student as someone who may struggle with a sense of being different, help the child to speak openly about worries, and be able to answer questions a child may have concerning this special status and Church teachings. The writer notes that many teachers do not know that the Roman Catholic schools accept gay or lesbian students as people to be helped in their adjustments, understood for what may be greater depression or confusion as part of adolescence, and given the same message as other students to do with sexuality and chastity. The writer points out that there are prejudices about homosexuality in the minds of various people who believe they are good Catholics. The writer concludes that teachers and parents need to be educated about the Roman Catholic stand on homosexuality and be able to interpret this to the child.
From the Paper
"Parker J. Palmer's volume, The Courage to Teach - Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher's Life, directs an open heart as the way to effective teaching. (1998) Particularly interesting has been Palmer's view of the teacher as a person who must learn from others, the heart gaining from what may not conform with one's views. This seems important in a parochial school setting if one is to respond to students who do not fit with Roman Catholic ideas of normal childhood. For instance, the Roman Catholic view of homosexuality involves awareness of gay students that will be met in parochial schools. This issue will challenge some teachers to examine their opinions and biases to do with homosexuality, at large, because the teacher must be able to provide what a gay student needs within school settings."
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"There Are No Children Here", 2008.
A review of "There Are No Children Here" by Alex Kotlowitz.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at how Alex Kotlowitz, in "There Are No Children Here", explores the inner-city decay and want which dooms many American children. The paper describes the experiences of the two African-American boys in the story who are forced to grow up in Chicago's notorious Henry Horner housing projects. The paper looks at how Kotlowitz portrays the violence and the drug and gang culture of the area. The paper discusses the relevance of this book to community health nursing.
From the Paper
"Having offered a broad overview of the text and a "run-down" of its main themes, the next thing which must be addressed is the issue of bias - often synonymous with "balance" - as it manifests itself in the work. Although it can be overdone, one is left with the distinct impression that Kotlowitz is a liberal at heart; perhaps never is this more apparent then when he discusses a 1955 visit by Soviet officials to the then-fledgling Henry Horner projects. One of the guests, I.V. Kozvilia, Minister of City and Urban Construction in the Soviet Union, denounced the decision of city officials to erect buildings which featured apartment walls of cinder block and not of plaster. The curt response of the Chicago Daily News to the Soviet critique of its low-cost housing was that there was "little use for luxury" in such matters in capitalist America (Kotlowitz, 1987, p.22). One page earlier, Kotlowitz is quite aggressive in chastising a number of 1950s-era aldermen who opposed public housing in Chicago and who orchestrated a number of ploys designed to frustrate the initiative."
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Child Witnesses, 2006.
An examination of whether a child should be presumed to be a competent witness.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the practical realities of a child witness. The paper focuses on understanding the "impressionability" of a child, and the child's ability to distinguish truth from falsehood. The paper explains that many states provide procedures to limit the trauma for children, such as testimony by closed-circuit television rather than in-court testimony, although there must be a hearing to determine if these procedures are appropriate. The paper suggests that the courts accept the competence of child accusers, confident that judicial processes can address possible issues of impressionability.
From the Paper
"The legal system does not accept such rules of competence. The key rule of evidence, the Federal Rules of Evidence, states at Rule 601: "General Rule of Competency: Every person is competent to be a witness . . . ." Most states follow this rule, so that no court can categorically bar a witness who is a member of a given class (such as age) without a showing that the individual witness cannot give sound testimony. Federal law is specific. A child is presumed competent. 18 U.S.C. . "
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Children Engaging in Society, 2008.
An analysis of the ideologies of children and the roles they play in society.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the specific roles that children play in society. It looks at it through the social constructions people have of children and discusses the way that children affect culture whether it is by advertisements or through the ideologies that children have. The paper also looks at the reasons why children are important in a society.
From the Paper
"More parents must take their ideology even when it is difficult to tell their children no. Children should not be empowered to do whatever they want or to receive all the things they want. Parents must be the dominant ones. The media may use a form of hegemony to get the attention of children, but it is the parents place to refuse their children at times. Parents must be able to take the gazes that their children have and let them know who does have the power. Otherwise, more children will become unproductive adults who have little knowledge of responsibility or how rough life can be. In your family, who has the ideology?"
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Impacts of Child Abuse, 2008.
A research proposal exploring the long-term mental and physical impact of child abuse.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a proposal that seeks to explore the long-term effects of child abuse in adults. The paper points out that the secondary objective of this study is to arrive at the victims' perspectives on their own experiences and their perception of the abuse's impact on their mental and physical health. The paper then provides a literature review of the mental and physical consequences of child abuse and looks at its cultural dimension. The paper also discusses the proposed methodology for the study.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
From the Paper
"The problem of child abuse is a pervasive problem not only for the families and individuals involved, but also a community and social one. In particular, victims of child abuse sometimes become not only perpetrators, but also end up scarred mentally and physically."
"Deterrents to child abuse such as making known to the public that services such as child protection or reporting of suspected cases of child abuse by people that can help recognize signs of ongoing abuse (other than social workers) such as physicians are in place, yet resources to tackle the problem more effectively are lacking (Christian, 2003). All things considered, the solution not only lies in case surveillance, reporting and deterrence, but also in understanding the effects of child abuse in adults."
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Media Censorship, 2007.
This paper argues that the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of media depiction of violence on children does not justify censorship of the media.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the report of the Senate Judiciary Committee, chaired by Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah, in 1999, paints a dire picture of the levels of violence with which the media was bombarding children. The author points out that this Senate report presents the causal connection between movie and television violence and aggressive behavior in children as a proven conclusion. The paper relates that a review of the underlying data through scientific studies shows that there is considerable doubt as to just how perverse an influence media violence has on children. The author concludes that the inconclusive nature of the data indicates that the American people should be cautious about taking precipitate actions based on this report, and should, at least for now, resist any effort at media censorship.
From the Paper
"Reporting on Professor Eron's original 1960 study of 8 and 9 year olds in Columbia County, New York, Rhodes noted that Eron's and his team investigated a wide range of factors to attempt to measure aggression. Of these, watching violence on television was effectively an afterthought. Further, the data were not consistent: girls who watched television showed no higher levels of aggression, and boys who watched television the most extensively were the least aggressive in the study. In their first follow-up study, Eron and his colleagues did find a statistical correlations between high levels of television watching and aggressive behavior..."
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Adolescent Smoking, 2008.
This paper is a literature review of research studies to determine if adolescents' personal conceptions of smoking or addiction deter or encourage them to smoke.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that this literature review about adolescent smoking indicates the complex socio-cultural context in which personal conceptions arise. The author points out that, among the numerous variables affecting these conceptions are race, ethnicity, socio-cultural expectations, gender, peer group and nicotine. The paper summarizes that this literature review reveals that adolescents' conceptions both deter and encourage smoking. The author reports that all the researchers use quantitative methodologies and interpretive paradigms; however, a major limitation, which is common for all these studies, is that they are based on self-reports.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Studies
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Rasmussen-Cruz, Martin & Nuno-Gutierrez's (2006) purpose was to explore tobacco consumption and motives for use among university students. The research question was: why do university health sciences students who are informed about tobacco risks consume tobacco? The design was a basic quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The method was an online survey of 282 students, aged 15 to 24. The authors used an interpretive paradigm. The results were that conceptions involved motives such as coping with emotional problems, reported by 76 percent."
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