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Families with an Autistic Child, 2008.
An analysis of some of the issues that face families with an autistic child.
1,298 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at some of the challenges that are faced by families with an autistic child. It begins by presenting a case study of a family who struggled to diagnose a child with autism. It also discusses crisis issues within families who have children with autism. The paper then analyzes a study that looks at whether there is a connection between language and theory of mind between autistic children and those with moderate learning difficulties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Families with Autistic Children and Crisis
Methods
Results
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In another study titled, "The Broader Cognitive Phenotype of Autism in Parents: How Specific is the tendency for local processing and executive dysfunction?" (Bolte, 2006, p. 639) showed parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children performed faster in processing their children with a myriad of interactive tests (Embedded Figures Test, Block Design, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Tower of Hanoi, and Trailmaking Test) compared to parents with schizophrenia or mental retardation (640-1). It seems that autistic children need more attention from parents compared to the other children having schizophrenia and mental retardation. As the parents learn to cope with autistic disorder, their children seem to trust and cope with their parents."
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Ethical Practice in Counseling, 2007.
An examination of two specific sections of the American Psychological Association's (APA) code of ethics from a counselor's point of view.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two sections of the APA's code of ethics: confidentiality and discrimination. It looks at an instance wherein the APA code of ethics offends the writer's personal beliefs and an instance where the code is in accordance with the writer's beliefs. The paper explains how one must never allow personal sensibilities to intrude upon the professional discharge of duties. The paper then discusses the case of a daughter accusing her father of rape, and the ethical obligations of the counselor according to the APA code of ethics. In addition, the writer relates that she values confidentiality, but believes that confidentiality cannot be absolute and something as serious as an allegation of sexual assault must be brought to the attention of the father - as long as reasonable precautions have been undertaken.
From the Paper
"To begin with, this writer finds little in the APA Code of Ethics that is cause for concern. In particular, section 3.01 of the APA's 2003 Code of Ethics takes a strong stance on the issue of unfair discrimination, stating that discriminating against any party on the basis of age, gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation - among several others - is abominable and unacceptable. As someone who has long been opposed to discrimination in all its forms, obeying this injunction is something that will cause little trouble for this counselor. On the other hand, my own strong feelings about the need to maintain confidentiality - and my recognition that confidentiality is something which cannot always be maintained - is an area that is sure to cause me some significant angst insofar as my professional obligations run counter to my own personal belief system and my own conviction that confidential disclosures from a young person should not be circulated to other members of the group."
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Nutritional Needs for Preschool Children, 2008.
This paper is a review of literature that seeks to clarify nutritional needs for preschool children as required by parents.
2,795 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while much is known about appropriate nutritional needs for infants and for children and adolescents, preschoolers are a demographic that is generally understudied in the nutritional literature. The author points out that nutrition for preschoolers is determined by the physiology of the child, the degree of activity expressed by the child and the context in which consumption of food occurs. The paper stresses that many of the rules of thumb that govern dietary habits for adults do not work in respect to preschoolers especially in the area of fat consumption. The author relates that preschoolers are predisposed towards diets that are high in fiber, such as grains and vegetables. The paper suggests that parents, who want to improve their children's nutritional health, should look to organic products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Nutritional Needs for Preschoolers
Nutritional Determination and Preschoolers
Nutritional Environment and Preschoolers
Possible Threats to Appropriate Nutrition for Preschoolers
Summary: Recommendations for Parents of Preschoolers
From the Paper
"The National Agriculture Library indicates that most preschool children require a balanced diet from the "five food groups". These five food groups consist of grains, fruits and vegetables, meats, dairy, and foods with high fat and sugar content. In diet recommendations for preschoolers, the grains and vegetables are fundamental components. These diet recommendations are made with the exclusion of fruit: fruits contain high levels of natural sugar and should be minimized. This is likewise true for juice consumption, which also has a high level of sugar in it."
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Bio-Ethics: Rape and Abortion, 2007.
A discussion of ethics on whether a teenage rape victim should have an abortion.
2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the question of whether or not a 15-year old girl, pregnant courtesy a rape committed by an unknown assailant, should abort the fetus or not. The paper also looks at whether or not the parents of the girl have an ethical obligation to counsel her against the abortion, an ethical obligation to counsel her to have the abortion, or whether they should simply stand aside and let the girl make up her own mind. The paper explains that in addressing this problematic subject, it is essential that some philosophical theories be introduced so as to offer an intellectual framework for the discussion and the paper then examines Kant's deontology (with its emphasis upon the categorical imperative) and the theory of utilitarianism espoused by Jeremy Bentham, John Stewart Mills and others (with its concomitant emphasis upon "proportionality"). In conclusion, the paper shows that a deontological approach to this problem is too inflexible and unyielding and that a better resolution is to apply a proportionality test which recognizes that the harm which would be done to the young girl if the child was brought to term outweighs the argument by others that abortion is unethical.
From the Paper
"In the view of Erin Soros, the fetus arising from a rape becomes, at least for the woman or child who must bear it, a manifestation and reminder of the illegitimate desire of another. Additionally, the fetus is "a physical replacement for the part of herself that was lost through the trauma" (Soros, 1998, p.153). From an ethical stand-point, the woman's body has been violated by another and, to the extent that an abortion can heal the psychic wounds inflicted by rape, a woman is entirely within her prerogatives to demand that the product of sexual violence be excised from her being. For the young girl whose story lies at the heart of this paper, there is a utilitarian component to all of this; to wit, the suffering she would endure, and the displacement within her life which would result, from bringing the child to term outweighs whatever loss might be associated with aborting the fetus - at least that is Erin Soros' view."
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Parse's Theory, 2008.
This paper applies Parse's theory of nursing to a pediatric situation.
1,304 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that Parse's theory emphasizes the role of the patient in her health and life. The paper presents a case study of a young child and shows how Parse's theory can be effectively applied to the pediatric situation. The paper shows how even children can articulate the meaning of quality of life as it applies to them and that this is the central concern of Parse's theory.
Outline:
Introduction
Description of Parse's Theory
Application of Theory to Case
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Parse defines persons as "intentional beings involved with their world, having a fundamental nature of knowing, being present, and open to their world" (McEwen & Wills, 2002, p. 195). The human being freely chooses meaning in every situation, and assume responsibilities for their decisions. The person is not only becoming but creates becoming and is free to choose specific ways of becoming. Health is "a way of being in the world...the living of day-to-day ways of being" (McEwen & Wills, 2002, p. 195). In Parse's view, health is a matter of "quality of life experienced and described by the person" (Relf, 1997, p. 3). The patient is the person who experiences or does not have quality of life, can best articulate the meaning of quality of life, and can describe what it should involve."
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Bicycle Safety, 2008.
A lesson plan for a third grade class that aims to encourage the use of safety helmets for bicycles.
1,783 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper develops an age and developmentally appropriate lesson plan for a third grade class to promote the use of safety helmets when riding bicycles. The paper describes how the lesson will encourage class participation and will use the inherent developmental characteristics of eight year-olds to belong to a group to provide positive peer pressure. The paper explains that the lesson is also designed to provide reasons why the wearing of helmets is necessary for personal safety and to prevent injury.
From the Paper
"There are 85 million bicycle riders in the United States, and 540,000 of them visited them emergency room, of those 67,000 had head injuries, 27,000 required hospitalization, and 45 to 85 percent of the brain injuries could have been prevented by a helmet. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) About half of the bicycle deaths were children under 15. The use of helmets vary greatly in different sectors of society by orders of magnitude, white collar communities helmet use in children is approximately 80%, where inner-city children the use is closer to 10%. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) The targeted community of Lacey, Washington would be classified as a white collar community with a white population of approximately 75% and a medium income of $43,848 (year 2000)."
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Parenting According to Dr. James Dobson, 2006.
A review of James Dobson's "Parents' Answer Book".
901 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Dr. James Dobson's book on parenting "Parents' Answer Book". The paper summarizes each chapter briefly and highlights each chapter's most important aspect. The writer explains that Dobson deals with parenting issues from birth to the college years. The writer concludes that the book follows (generally speaking) a chronological arc and is also noteworthy for the lucid and empathetic way in which Dobson tackles pressing social concerns.
From the Paper
"The early chapters of James Dobson's text are devoted to looking at how young parents can properly inculcate values in very young children. The first chapter comprising pages 1 to 20 of the text, takes a look at the fundamental nature of children and assesses the influence of culture upon them; the second chapter of the book explores how young parents can effectively discipline the pre-school child and emphasizes the importance of "loving leadership" - a process whereby parents do not surrender their authority to their children but, instead, lovingly do what is best for their sons or daughters despite how much resistance it may meet."
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Child Asthma Treatment, 2008.
This paper discusses recent treatment trends in chronic childhood asthma.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. The writer maintains that treatment is based on as many factors as possible and also is based on a holistic view of the child since asthma may be a possible risk factor and linked with psychosocial development. The writer points out that assessment must be focused on what triggered the asthma episode, and treatment is always aimed at control, but control denotes giving the child long-term control over his/her life. The writer concludes that treatment for asthma is on a continuum and is aimed at control or management.
Outline:
Introduction
Asthma as a Current Issue
Pathophysiology of Asthma
Treatment
Summary
From the Paper
"Treatment of asthma is not directed at cure but at control. Control of asthma leads to reduced and infrequent symptoms and allows the child to have an active life as well as quality of life. The optimal management of asthma requires adequate evaluation of the child and his or her environment. Asthma control is achieved through assessment based on specific criteria. The nurse practitioner must be able to identify the symptoms of asthma accurately because symptoms often are mistakenly prioritized. Wheezing, for instance, is commonly regarded as the most common characteristic of asthma. However, coughing is present even in hidden asthma, and frequent coughing or respiratory infections indicate the likelihood of asthma. Coughing which follows running or crying may indicate asthma as well as a recurrent night cough. Recurrent night cough is common, as asthma is often worse at night. Chest tightness and shortness of breath are symptoms of asthma that may be observed alone or in combination with other symptoms. Other common symptoms are nasal flaring, fatigue or irritability."
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Violence in the Media and the Effect on Children and Adolescents, 2006.
An examination of the relationship between exposure to violent television and video games and the development of aggression in children and adolescents.
2,878 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the amount and types of violence children and adolescents are exposed to, and whether there is a relationship between this exposure and the development of aggression in children and adolescents. The paper explains that thousands of research studies have demonstrated that exposure to violent television and video games tends to lead to the development of aggression in some children and adolescents, however there is no simple causal relationship, i.e. we cannot say for sure that exposure to such violence will lead to aggressive behavior. The paper notes that multiple variables have an impact, such as age and gender of the child, and level of mediation done by parents, and that different media have different effects. In conclusion, the paper shows that research has established that exposure to television and video game violence can lead to the development of aggression in children and adolescents and such exposure tends to desensitize them to violence, and dis-inhibit them from committing acts of violence.
From the Paper
"Violence on television is the most commonly experienced exposure to violence in the lives of most children. While it is common knowledge that there is a great deal of violence on television, it is important to bear in mind that there are many different kinds of violence on television. For example, some shows feature human actors, acting out brutally violent acts, such as murder, rape and torture. While these may not be intended for young children, the reality is that many such children have access to them. At the other extreme, even cartoons usually portray at least some violence. Often this is extreme violence, such as pianos dropping on heads. However, the characters usually do not bleed or die, and they are in any event clearly fictional, so one might expect that the impact is not as great as graphic violence with human actors."
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Community Notification Laws, 2008.
This paper looks at the use of community notification laws.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that keeping children safe from sexual predators today includes the use of community notification laws to inform the public when sex offenders move into a neighborhood or region. The writer points out that these laws may include direct notification of people in a neighborhood or more general notification by posting names and addresses on a website accessible by all. The writer argues that such laws can help reduce the incidence of sexual abuse of children by putting parents on notice so they can take greater care, though such an approach is not a panacea and will not completely eliminate the threat, only reduce it. The writer concludes that community notification creates an opportunity for parents to become more informed and to exercise greater caution regarding the safety of their children.
Outline:
Introduction
The Argument
The Approach
Another Provision
Problem of Notification
Efficacy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This sort of response has been extended to other violent felons as well, with more and more communities fighting the placement of parolees in their area and seeking laws involving everything from notification to the right to refuse entry to a released offender to enhanced incarceration beyond the original sentence. Local groups across the country are trying to block former convicts from settling in their communities and are pressing their state assemblies for tougher detention laws and parole conditions. As a result, more and more states are enacting laws that put the interests of the community before the rights of ex prisoners. The most vociferous demands are for notification laws to alert citizens when a sex offender is about to be released into their community. At this time, many states require that local police be notified when a release is imminent, and now the New Jersey law calls for authorities to notify community members as well. In the U.S. Congress, members approved a provision which requires certain offenders to check in with police every 90 days for the rest of their lives. The New Jersey proposal only requires police to notify neighbors, schools, churches, youth groups and the media within 45 days of an ex offender's moving into a neighborhood."
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Social Learning Theory: Application to School Shootings and Violence, 2007.
An examination of social learning theory focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi in October of 1998.
3,667 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses school shootings in America, focusing on the case of Luke Woodham and his violent acts in October of 1998. The paper explains that this case is used as an example of criminal acts that are conducted by children and the case is examined through social learning theory. The paper explores the foundations of social learning theory and arguments against this theory in relation to school shootings are also discussed. Furthermore, the paper examines how social learning theory can be used as a predictor of school violence and then discusses the prevention techniques that have been offered and that must be implemented in order to address the issue. In conclusion, the paper shows that for the criminal justice system and society as whole it is evident that the only answer to school shootings and violence is to begin to work together in a manner that allows for preventative measures to be taken and for children to once again have faith that the adults who are supposed to protect them will and that the world that is supposed to be supportive of them will function to accomplish that mission.
Outline:
Abstract
Etiology
Prediction and Prevention
Recommended Criminal Justice Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the case of Woodham and the murders that occurred in Mississippi, it is evident that the conditions described through social learning theory existed and that these conditions contributed to the actions taken by the juvenile. For example, early in his life Woodham became engrossed in the philosophy used by Hitler. It was not difficult for Woodham to witness the results of Hitler's philosophies, as those results are consistently present in the social order as a matter of social history. Woodham was capable of retaining these events because they were constantly reinforced through exposure to the ideas discussed in relation to Hitler through the people that he knew and the studies that he personally conducted."
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Cultural Sensitivity in the Child Welfare System, 2008.
An analysis of the importance of improved cultural sensitivity within the child welfare system.
3,229 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the importance of improvements in cultural sensitivity in the child welfare system of the United States. It discusses the reasons for these requirements and how it would help to make the organization an effective entity within society. It also looks at the role of the leadership within the child welfare system in supporting and promoting this cultural sensitivity.
From the Paper
"The research supports the concept that child welfare agencies would benefit from developing culturally sensitive environments. This is evidenced through systems approaches that acknowledge that all elements within a system, or culture, should be considered as a means of understanding the system. Additionally, culturally sensitive environments can be impacted by the workers that support the organization and the leadership styles that inspire workers to meet new objectives and visions for a culturally sensitive workplace."
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Family Dynamics, 2008.
This paper explores the dynamics of familial interactions and characterization in National Lampoon's film "Christmas Vacation."
2,281 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the family dynamics of the Griswold family in National Lampoon's classic parody of Christmas films, "Christmas Vacation," using Dorthea Orem's model of universal self-care. The paper provides an experiment into the functionality of a fictional family through exploring the characters of Clark Griswold (husband and father), Ellen Griswold (wife and mother), Audrey Griswold (teenage daughter), Rusty Griswold (son in early adolescence) and Eddie Johnson (cousin-in-law).
Outline:
Introduction
Cultural Assessment of Family Structure
Universal Self-Care Requisites
Developmental Self-Care Requisites
Nursing Systems Used to Meet These Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Griswold family is a traditional nuclear family consisting of father, mother, and two siblings (male and female). Typically, all interaction within this family is expressed between the four primary members. In the film, circumstances are altered so that the immediate family is changed and multiple members of the extended family are brought into stay within the same household. This affects the dynamics of the immediate family and impedes normal behavior. According to Orem's theories, it is now no longer possible for the Griswold family to engage in their conventional stable roles within this setting. However, the actions of the immediate Griswold family indicate that their roles are highly defined and that they are attempting to conform to them. This is especially evident in the actions of Clark and Ellen."
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The Image of Women in Society, 2008.
This paper examines the process of gender socialization as portrayed in various images.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the image society has of women through an examination of a child's toy (the Kim Possible Doll), advertising images for Skechers and the television show "The Closer." The paper discusses how the external image of youth, beauty and especially being thin is projected as a virtual necessity. The paper looks at the harmful effects this has on the self-image of girls and young women trying to emulate what they believe is the ideal.
Outline:
Introduction
Kim Possible Doll
Skechers Models
The Closer
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The prevailing doll image offered to young girls for many years has been the Barbie Doll, the image of an extremely thin young woman, with an emphasis on thin-ness, beauty, perfect hair, and perfect makeup. This is only one source of this sort of image, and many of the images from popular culture reinforce this idea.
"Meta G. Carstarphen and Susan C. Zavoina write specifically about the experience of adolescent girls and note how these girls are influenced by images of girls their age in magazines like Seventeen and Teen, among other sources, and the authors note first that advertising is directed at young people because they represent an important target market, if one that is particularly vulnerable: "A time of awkwardness and opportunity, adolescence represents a critical time of identity formation for both boys and girls" (Carstarphen and Zavoina 94)."
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