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Climate Change and Atlantic Canada, 2008.
This paper examines the effects of climate change on Canada and Atlantic Canada, specifically.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the most important and likely ways that Atlantic Canada will be affected by climate change. The paper demonstrates that climate change has the potential to have a devastating effect on the forests, farms and economy of Atlantic Canada.
From the Paper
"Another way in which climate change could negatively impact Atlantic Canada's forests is by causing mid-winter thaws to become longer, and to occur more often. These thaws cause air bubbles to form in stems, and if these remain they will prevent water from flowing into the leaves when spring comes. Also, if there are extended thaws, when the soil freezes again it can damage roots. This means that when the spring comes, the roots are damaged. However, it is the roots that usually produce the pressure to expel the air bubbles."
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Elderly Abuse, 2008.
A look at the subject of elderly abuse in Western society in general. and in Canada in particular.
4,794 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the subject of elderly abuse and attempts to make the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author explains that elder abuse is becoming more and more recognized as a form of family violence, and describes the different types of abuse, analyzing the connection between elder abuse and family violence. The author also uses the Ageism concept to explain elder abuse in broad context, to explain how society's distorted view on the elderly affect care-givers likeliness to abuse their elderly family members.
Outline:
Introduction
Purpose
Rationale
Key Concepts Related to Elder Abuse
What is Elderly Abuse?
Elder Abuse as a Form of Family Violence
Analysis:
The Situation Model
Social Exchange Theory
Ageism
Practice Interventions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Elder abuse is a growing social concern in Western society, but it is not a new phenomenon. Mistreatment of older people both in the community and within institutions has been an enduring feature of our social history. Many older Canadians have suffered abuse and neglect at the hands of family members and caregivers for many years, without the support and resources they needed to leave their abusive situations. Recently, practitioners have been displaying a growing awareness and concern about elder abuse, putting a new perspective to this type of family violence (Pillemer & Wolf, 1986: 169). Like other types of domestic violence, elder abuse is extremely complex. It is a combination of many factors, from psychological to economic as well as the mental and physical conditions of the victim and the abuser. These factors do not usually operate in isolation. Instead, they tend to function as complex dimensions, interacting in ways uniquely dependent on the victim, perpetrator and the situation (Steinmetz, 1988: 23)
Moreover, research shows that estimates of abuse are difficult to make, although in Canada it is often said to affect at least four percent of seniors (Kinnon, 2001: 6).
"In addition, explanations about why abuse occurs under different theoretical frameworks make it difficult to pin-point the direct connection between the dynamics of elder abuse and family violence. Many elder abuse cases fit the paradigm of family violence; that is, acts of abuse or misuse of power that may result in harm to a family member (Pillemer & Suitor, 1992: 170). However, not all cases involve spouses or family members. Practitioners stress the need to understand the entire range of elder abuse and the underlying causes- including self-neglect, abuse and neglect within the family, and abuse that occurs in institutional settings (Prevention Pathways, 2004: 12)."
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Canadian Senior Immigrants, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of social isolation among Canadian senior immigrants.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canadian senior immigrants are more vulnerable to social isolation and exclusion than Canadian-raised seniors; therefore, it is important to consider the importance of social inclusion for this population. The author points out that problems, such as the lack of social and family support, the lack of knowledge of the English/French language and the lack of community resources have resulted in senior immigrants becoming more socially excluded. The paper stresses that, to encourage social inclusion, social workers need to help break down these barriers, which have caused senior immigrants to face problems of accessibility to services. The author underscores that it is important to not homogenize the senior population but rather to offer culturally sensitive and accessible programs that meet the needs of specific immigrant senior populations and that encourage them to meet their own specific needs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Senior Immigrants: Exploring Assumptions and Reality
Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion
Barriers to Services
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Contemporary Canadian society is among the most diverse in the world: the 2001 Census lists around two hundred ethnic groups. Among the immigrant population, 68% of all immigrant seniors are originally from Europe and 19% come from Asia (one in five). This development is the result of a change in immigration patterns since the 1960s, when the trend of admitting immigrants from Europe shifted to one admitting people from all over the world, especially Asia. For the purpose of this paper, senior immigrants can be defined by age as legal immigrants 65 years old and above."
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Gardiner Expressway Removal, 2005.
An evaluation of the policy regarding the dismantling of the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway in Toronto.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, known locally as "The Gardiner", which is an expressway that connects downtown Toronto to its suburbs in the west. The paper specifically discusses the economic, social and environmental effects that would exist if the expressway is dismantled according to various policy plans. The paper also looks at the reasons for the proposal, including the rejuvenation of the waterfront. The paper argues that dismantling the expressway would have negative economic, social, and environmental effects.
Table of Contents:
Problem Definition
Background and Policy Context
Policy Alternatives
Evaluation of Policy Alternatives
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Another negative impact that burying of the Gardiner Expressway will have is its influence on the natural ecosystems that are around and under the city of Toronto. Under the city, there are buried creeks and waterways that traverse and go out into the lake that have their origins in the Oak Ridges Moraine north of the city (The Toronto Star, 2000). The process of "dewatering" the areas where the buried Gardiner would situate would be detrimental to these buried creeks and their natural flow into the lake. As a result, these waterways could back up over the years and the rising groundwater could pose severe damage to existing infrastructures to the north of the expressway (The Toronto Star, 2000). There are other problems that are associated with digging up the soils that lie beneath the Gardiner Expressway. Contaminants could be present in the soil, and as a result these contaminants could pose a threat to the ecosystems that they would be placed in while construction is undertaken. Some of the lands where the Gardiner is situated on used to be industrial sites, which means some may still contain contaminants. The soil would have to be treated to get rid of the harmfulness before it is put back, which would cost the city money."
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Canada's Involvement in the Kyoto Protocol, 2006.
An analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of Canada's involvement in the Kyoto Protocol.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the debate concerning Canada's participation in the Kyoto Protocol. The paper describes the strategy of the Kyoto Protocol and why it is necessary for the environment. It then examines the arguments for and against Canada's involvement in the strategy and it analyses the benefits and the drawbacks that pertain to the issue. The paper maintains that, ultimately, the Kyoto Protocol contains many problems that are severely limiting its potential effectiveness. The paper concludes that, overall, there is a lack of cooperation between countries concerning the Kyoto Protocol, and therefore its effectiveness will be severely limited and thus criticizes the involvement of Canada in the Kyoto Protocol.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the Kyoto Protocol contains many problems that are severely limiting its potential effectiveness. The various ineffective aspects of the protocol are: developing countries being excluded from the protocol, even though they contribute to a great proportion of greenhouse gases, and the U.S. government not agreeing with the Kyoto framework even though they are the largest producer of emissions. Moreover, the agreement contains certain internal contradictions such as the pollution credit system. Finally, many countries that have signed on to the agreement are having difficulty in establishing the standards and mechanisms to make it work. Overall, there is a lack of cooperation between countries concerning the Kyoto Protocol, and therefore its effectiveness will be severely limited and thus criticizes the involvement of Canada in the Kyoto Protocol."
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Canadian Arctic Sovereignty, 2005.
An analysis of the opportunities and problems that exists in Canada's arctic region, with an emphasis on Canada's sovereignty there.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Arctic region in Canada and its sovereignty. It describes the many lucrative and economically viable opportunities that exist there. The paper then looks at the problem that exists in that the Arctic area is so vast and so fragile that not many expansions can take place without causing damage to the environment. The paper also discusses demographic problems in the area, but focuses on Canada's sovereignty issues there. In addition, the paper argues that Canada must assert a presence in the Arctic region to prevent damage to a very sensitive and valuable ecosystem. The paper concludes that the possible ramifications for Canada not asserting this presence could lead to poor sustainable development and possible disputes between circumpolar nations in the future.
From the Paper
"Military presence in the Arctic region is nothing unfamiliar, past and present. Events such as World War Two led to the construction of designated military bases, which brought about infrastructure to the Arctic region. An example of this infrastructure that was constructed in the Arctic is the Alaska Highway. This highway was completed in October of 1942 and stretches for two thousand four hundred and fifty kilometres (Grant, 1988). This huge undertaking was done mostly by the American government in secrecy. This was because Alaska was apart of the Northwest Staging Route that had aircraft travelling from the United States to the Soviet Union. It was seen as a "jumping off point" to aid the Allied troops in Europe. Many bridges needed to be built along the way and because it was war time there was a lack of man power as well as resources. So as a result, many bridges were disassembled in the southern parts of the United States and reassembled where they were needed along the Alaskan Highway route (Duerden, 2005). At this point in time, Canada would provide "right of ways", and waive import duties and taxes and allow the use of timber and gravel along the route. Canada would attain control of the highway in the Yukon, Alberta and British Columbia portions, six months after the war ended and it would become "an integral part of the Canadian highway system." (Grant, 1988) The negative impacts that the construction of these various airfields and roadways had on the ecosystems of the Arctic region was measurable. The ground that they were built on was permafrost, which is difficult to build on due to the heaving and uplifting that takes place when it freezes then thaws."
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The Canadian Senate: Time for Change, 2008.
A discussion regarding reform in the Canadian Senate.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of senate reform in Canada, a major topic of political concern for a long while. The paper maintains that, despite various attempts, such as in Meech Lake and Charlottetown, there has yet to be any substantial improvements to the Senate of Canada. It argues that the Canadian Senate must be reformed to increase its effectiveness. The paper concludes that, although Prime Minister Stephen Harper can be seen to be pushing for improvements, Canada also look to other nations with similar governments as examples on how to effectively alter the Senate.
From the Paper
"A brief history of the Canadian Senate is necessary to fully comprehend the issues affecting it. The Senate became an official component of the Parliament of Canada in 1867 with the passing of the British North America Act. As Canada's system of governance is based on the British Westminster model, so was the Senate modeled after the elitist British House of Lords. John A. MacDonald referred to the Senate as a place of "sober second thought", intended to represent the interests of the people in various Canadian regions. Unfortunately, throughout the decades this has not occurred, and personal and party interests frequently override regional ones. Ordinarily the Senate consists of 105 members, although currently there are 93 sitting Senators . These members are chosen by the Governor General on the advice of the current Prime Minister . Once appointed, a Senator may serve until the age of seventy five years. Seats are assigned on a regional basis with each region supposedly receiving the representation of 24 Senators (Refer to Appendix 1). As is obvious in the chart, many parts of Canada are under- represented, an issue which will be tackled later in this paper. Those fortunate enough to obtain a position within the Upper House, receive a basic sessional salary of $122,700 (2006) . In addition to this salary, many senators receive additional salaries for various duties and a vehicle and residence allowance for certain Senators."
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"Disappearing Moon Cafe", 2008.
An analysis of Sky Lee's novel "Disappearing Moon Cafe".
2,310 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a critical look at Sky Lee's novel "Disappearing Moon Cafe", which chronicles the corrupted history of the Wong family and the deconstruction of traditional kinship formations. The paper posits that, in the novel, both young and old generations construct alternative definitions of "family" outside the confines of the conventional family structure comprised of mother, father, and children. These alternative structures deviate from the norm by involving individuals from different racial, social, and genealogical backgrounds, disrupting the homogeneous ideals that certain female family members would like to preserve. The paper also asserts that the story is about women who dominate Chinese family life and the influence they hold over the men. The paper concludes that, although there is a collapse of one family structure, many other diverse kinship unions emerge in its place and ensure the survival of a rich and varied Chinese-Canadian narrative.
From the Paper
"For all intents and purposes, Disappearing Moon Cafe is a story about the women who dominate Chinese family life and the influence they hold over the men's biographies. We get two conflicting messages - one that women are defined by their marriages and are mere "unidentified receptacles" (Lee 42), and one that empowers the women as "powerful...bone-crushing 'Iron Chink' machines" (Lee 227). It is therefore interesting that the beginning and the end of the novel is framed by the narrative of Wong Gwei Chang, the family patriarch."
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Conservatism within Society, 2008.
A review of the definition and examples of the application of conservatism within Canadian society.
1,805 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the definition and application of conservatism within society. It provides examples from within Canadian society of equality of opportunity and freedom and how these concepts relate to conservatism. The paper also discusses why the author feels that she can be considered conservative due to the views and beliefs that she holds.
From the Paper
"Another way of viewing this aspect of Conservative tradition is found in their ideas of marriage. Conservatives put emphasis on the idea of a traditional family in that this is the environment where a child is supposed to be taught the values of a society with the hope that they will eventually become a vital member of that society (Macpherson, 1980, pg 72-74). However, this theory seems very dated by today's standards because it is becomes very difficult to prove that a child will flourish only when in the presence of the traditional family, and not in one consisting of a single mother, or two homosexual parents. In this aspect, among other issues such as abortion, conservatism seems to have similar views on these subjects as the church, which may in part stem from historical tradition. In my opinion, the church should not so greatly interfere with political issues that governments' actions are completely influenced. These two organizations should be treated as such because they both have completely different agendas, with the government leading an entire society, and the church only acting as a leader to a select representation of that society. Even though this doesn't seem to occur as drastically as it did throughout modern history, it should still be enforced that these two institutions be completely separate."
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Views on Multiculturalism in Canada, 2007.
Discusses two different articles on diversity: "The Myth of Canadian Diversity" by Sarah Norton and Brian Green and "Marginalization" from Neil Bissoondath's book 'Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism'.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the idea of diversity within Canada is a hot topic issue, which has been highly criticized and advocated. The writer notes that the articles "The Myth of Canadian Diversity" and "Marginalization" both show two different viewpoints on multiculturalism in Canada and express them using two different styles of argument. The writer explains that "The Myth of Canadian Diversity" argues that the diversity people believe exists in Canada, caused by the large immigrant population arriving in Canada every year, is actually untrue because immigrants assimilate very quickly, creating a homogeneous Canadian society. The paper then discusses Neil Bissoondath work, which argues that Canada's multiculturalism policy actually leads to the alienation of different cultures. The writer maintains that both of these viewpoints also display different styles in presenting and validating an argument.
From the Paper
"The article The Myth of Canadian Diversity discusses the myths that Canadians hold about their country. Canadians believe that Canada is a young country, that Canada has a small population and therefore is small economically, and that the diversity in Canada makes the country difficult to govern. The argument made by the author is that although Canada does have many diverse people coming into the country they quickly assimilate. The arguments made are heavily supported by facts and expert opinion, in this way the argument appeals to the reader's common sense. The two Canadian myths regarding the age of the country and the small population creating a small economy are disputed by the fact that most countries came into existence after Canada, have smaller populations, and are actually economically weaker then Canada, which ranks seventh in the world."
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The Canadian Impact on the Battle of Britain, 2007.
A study of Canadian flyers' contribution to Britain's victory over the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper recounts the role that Canadian pilots played in the Battle of Britain, helping the Royal Air Force achieve victory over the Luftwaffe. The paper praises their accomplishments and bravery. It illustrates how the Canadians were a major factor in Britain's victory. Canadians provided the machines, training, and pilots that won the battle for the airspace over Britain. The paper concludes that Canada gave a huge commitment to the Battle of Britain, and that without Canadian warplanes, training, and pilots, the Battle of Britain would not have turned out as an allied victory.
From the Paper
"As part of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, there was an all-Canadian squadron in the Royal Air Force with a Canadian commanding officer. The squadron had to be made up of only new recruits because none of the other commanders wanted to part with their Canadian fliers. One hundred Canadian pilots fought in the Battle of Britain. They accounted for 130 shot down, 30 planes that were probably shot down, but never confirmed and over 70 enemy aircraft damaged. This a high score for men that were not fighting over their own country, and were kept on constant alert for 5 months.The destruction and damage to the German aircraft kept countless bombs from falling as panicking aircrews dropped their bombs early to lighten their planes escape back over the English Channel. Johnny Kent's spectacular forty-on-one dogfight best demonstrates the bravery of the Canadian pilots. He managed to dodge the attackers and shoot down one fighter before returning to a safe hanger."
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Bennett's Policies Great Depression, 2008.
An analysis of the policies of R.B. Bennett in Canada after the Great Depression.
1,928 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper describes how the Great Depression was a calamity that changed the lives of all Canadians. The paper relates that the government of R.B. Bennett instituted a number of new polices, and although widely discredited at the time, laid the foundations for economic recovery and Canada's modern welfare state. The paper also studies the beliefs and motivations of Bennett as an individual, and how his responses hastened the end of The Great Depression and the beginnings of a better life for Canadians.
From the Paper
"The Great Depression was a calamity that changed the lives of all Canadians. In the three decades prior to the Great Depression, Canada had one of the world's fastest growing economies, experiencing only a brief downturn near the end of the Great War (Morton). The government of R.B. Bennett instituted a number of new polices, including the creation of work relief camps, increasing trade tariffs and creating a Third National Policy, known as the New Policy. The immediate effects of the initiatives were limited by factors outside of Bennett's control and their evaluation must be informed by an understanding of the environment in which they occurred. The prevailing attitudes of the times, a collapsing and changed economy, and Federal/Provincial squabbling over division of powers limited the effectiveness of the responses and created a mistaken belief that the Bennett government was ineffective. These policies, although widely discredited at the time, laid the foundations for economic recovery and Canada's modern welfare state.
"The policies of the Bennett government were shaped, in large part, by the attitudes and beliefs of the establishment. Many people, including the policymakers of the day, had experienced economic recessions, but these downturns in the economy had been relatively brief compared to the severity and duration of the Depression. In the run-up to the election, the previous Prime Minister, Mackenzie King, had refused to provide any federal aid to the provinces, believing the crisis would quickly pass (Bets). It is also important to note that the processes of urbanization and industrialization were of fairly recent origin in 1930, and the prevailing assumption that unemployment was a personal failing proved resilient even as the creation of a modern economy called such precepts into question. The policy responses laid out in The New Deal and the settling up of labour camps was an attempt to provide support and an opportunity for people to lift themselves out of the financial crisis. Financial assistance for those in need was seen, at the time, as a disincentive to finding work and a burden on the economy. Without work, many of the unemployed men gathered in cities seeking employment of any sort. The government feared that this mass of unemployed citizens would be fertile ground for the Communist party and the unions. The army chief, General Andy McNaughton warned Bennett that "In their ragged platoons, here are the prospective members of what Marx called the 'industrial reserve army, the storm troopers of the revolution'." The Bolshevik revolution in Russia, the Winnipeg General Strike, and ongoing labour unrest in the country were a growing concern for Bennett (Safarian). There was believed to be a need to ensure that the unemployed were not able to gather and mobilize in large numbers. Throughout his term in office, Bennett struggled with a desire to assist those in need. He was burdened by an unwillingness to enrich those he believed to be undeserving due to personal failings and by a fear of Communists fomenting revolution amongst the unemployed vagrants. Although evaluated from a modern perspective, his policies often exacerbated suffering and fomented dissent, they were informed by a need to create personal responsibility and ensure the safety of Canadian society."
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Canada's International Trade, 2008.
A brief overview of Canada's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as a trading nation in the current global marketplace.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Canadian trade policies are a major influence on the nation's recent successful economic performance. It looks at how one key to Canada's economic success was the fact that it combined forces with the United States and Mexico in the North American Free Trade Agreement. The paper then discusses how, although NAFTA has made Canada overly dependent on a few nations, Canada has established other free trade ties around the world and will continue to be an international trading force to be reckoned with.
From the Paper
"Canada does have weaknesses in their armor. One of Canada's greatest concerns is the continued positive surge of the United States economy. Through NAFTA, Canada has become almost too dependent on the United States. In addition, other weaknesses have manifested themselves as it seems to be extremely difficult for the Canadian government to create a balance between some internal regulatory pressure and that complicates external trade relations. For example, the Canadian government is notoriously protective of their agricultural and dairy industries as well as their automotive export import ratios. Other concerns expressed from Canada's various trading partners include restrictive taxation for the foreign film distribution and production industries and attempts to blatantly dump steel on Chile and the Untied States. "
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United States and Canada's Healthcare, 2007.
This paper compares the healthcare systems of the United States, which is privately funded, and Canada, which is funded by the federal government.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the healthcare systems of the United States and Canada were once both privately funded but now have an immense difference in the structure and cost of healthcare services. The author points out that the Canadian structure is available to all citizens whereas, in the U.S., accessibility is a major problem. The paper relates that the U.S. has more advanced technology as compared to Canada, which is a weakness of Canadian healthcare. The author stresses that healthcare services in the U.S. have been known to be superior because patients, who have access, can be seen immediately and surgical procedures need only a short wait; whereas, in Canada, many residents wait a long time for services, minor surgeries and regular checkups. The paper concludes that, overall, Canada has accomplished a balance between quality, cost efficiency and technology. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper
"The high price of healthcare has been an ongoing crisis and has affected many Americans. Many Americans work at full-time jobs but still do not have access to health insurance because of the immense cost. Some companies offer to cover a percentage of healthcare insurance, but the employee still has to pay a large portion of out of pocket-expenses. Any citizen that owns their own business has no other choice but to pay full price for healthcare. The crisis of healthcare has had major effects on many American families. With no health coverage, one could only imagine the stress of the medical bills ..."
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