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Diabetes: History and Background, 2008.
This paper informatively discusses diabetes in North America in term of its history, definition, types, prevalence and contributing factors.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper acknowledges that diabetes is a serious chronic, life-long disease that is one of the leading causes of death and disability in North America. The paper also relates that there are many long-term complications that can stem from this disease. The paper then goes on to discuss the long history of diabetes and the complications in treatment, the current definition of diabetes as a disorder of metabolism, along with the prevalence and distribution of the disorder between the types.
From the Paper
"Diabetes is a disorder of the metabolism. Our body breaks down food in glucose, a form of sugar, which is carried in the bloodstream and taken to cells in order to provide energy for them. In order for glucose to pass from the blood into the cells, insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, must be present. There are three types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, also called insulin-dependent or juvenile-onset; type 2 diabetes, also called noninsulin-dependent or adult onset; and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease as 'the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas than produces little or no insulin' (Matthews, 4). In this type of diabetes the symptoms appear suddenly and intensely. In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas is producing enough insulin, but the body cannot use the insulin effectively. After some time, the production of insulin decreases. Hence this type of diabetes develops gradually, over several years. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy, and usually disappears after delivery, although the mother is at an increased risk of getting type 2 diabetes later in the life."
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Ontario Air Pollution, 2008.
A study on the economic impact of air pollution on Ontario.
1,410 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper states that there is no doubt that air pollution has an adverse impact on Ontario's economy with the most marked effect being on health care and lost time from work stemming from air pollution caused illness for both the ill person and the caregivers. The author points out that air pollution puts an added demand on Ontario's health care providers, which are already overburdened. The paper relates that the consequence is that the Ontarian taxpayer is paying more tax dollars to support this growing health care problem. The author also explores potential solutions to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and the Problem
Economics of Air Pollution
Potential Solutions and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Suzuki Foundation cites thee areas in which the government could have an impact on reducing air pollution: Tax shifting by taxing air polluters extra and adopting tax breaks for environmentally friendly practices; eliminating perverse subsidies as described above; and increasing investment in the environment to drive down the cost of energy renewable resources such as solar and wind power.
"However, our research shows that governmental intervention by the Canadians or Ontarians cannot solely solve the problem."
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Salloum's Defence of Multiculturalism, 2008.
A review of Habeeb Salloum's article "The other Canadians and Canada's future."
712 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses an article by Salloum, "The other Canadians and Canada's future," which reviews Canada's policy of multiculturalism. The paper relates that Salloum's article provides a historical review of the origins of the policy, and comments on how it has worked out in Canada. The author of the essay argues that Salloum's verdict is accurate.
From the Paper
"Salloum (1997) provides some interesting statistics, pointing out that non-French and non-British Canadians comprise 37.5 per cent of the Canadian population. These people are from many different ethnic groups, and many people see them as an unknown force in our society. Salloum (1997) is interested in assessing how these people view the future, and to this end, he reviews the history of multiculturalism in Canada. He notes that at the beginning of the 20th century, no one ever considered the notion of accommodating the ethnicities and culture of immigrants. On the contrary, immigrants were mercilessly victimized, putting enormous pressure on them to assimilate into the dominant culture. All this changed when Pierre Trudeau introduced multiculturalism as an official policy for Canada, setting up a system in which there would be one country, two languages, and many cultures. The basic idea was to treat other cultures respectfully, and in so doing to encourage immigrants to integrate well and become a supportive asset to the dominant culture."
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Poverty and Policy in Canada, 2008.
A look at the argument that Canada's public policy towards poverty is failing.
2,405 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that Canada's public policy towards poverty is failing miserably. To underscore this point, time is devoted to looking at what it means to be poor in the Toronto of 2007 (and, by extension, what it means to poor in Canada), who is suffering most, what Canada is doing to large numbers of its children, and what factors - particularly politically and socially - are thwarting efforts to get poverty back on the public agenda. Finally, with the bleak picture painted for all to see, the paper concludes by looking at some options that might reduce a social pox that threatens to grow worse, not better, in the years ahead. It contends that in the end, an educated and engaged citizenry is needed, capable of turning the political process back over to the people and away from self-interested elites.
From the Paper
"Poverty in Canada is measured in many ways - which may explain why we have yet to come up with a really unified means of dealing with it. As it stands, Canada has three primary measures of poverty: the Low Income Cut-offs or LICOs, the Low-Income Measure, and the Market Basket Measure (Raphael, 37). Of the various Low-Income Cut-Offs the government has at its disposal, the pre-tax LICOs seem to be the most efficacious at assessing poverty rates - mostly, it seems, because the post-tax measures are widely perceived by poverty rights advocates as artificially lowering the poverty rate in this country so that government negligence is less apparent (Raphael, 41)."
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Globalization and Immigration in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the impact of globalization in terms of the immigrant population of the Greater Toronto Area.
2,208 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration, the paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.
From the Paper
"In this analysis, in order for Canada to meet the competitive demands of the globalized economy, it had to increase the number of immigrants for its labour force. Given the increasing prosperity of the traditional source countries in Europe, immigrants were increasingly drawn from non-traditional source countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The results of this are apparent in the increasing multicultural population of the city of Toronto. However, scholars have also noted how immigration has played a critical role in not only allowing the labour force to (re)produce itself generationally - in complementing the deficit from declining fertility levels - but also in introducing new skill sets and foreign capital to the economy. "
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Are Women Discriminated Against in the Labor Market?, 2008.
A discussion regarding working women in Canada.
1,403 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how women have fought against discrimination and found a place for themselves within all areas of society, thereby becoming more empowered than ever before. The paper then argues that, although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. Specifically, this paper argues that that women are discriminated against in the labour market and that this discrimination is manifested in several ways.
From the Paper
"In the last fifty years or so, our society has made unprecedented strives towards improving the status of women. Women have been relentless in fighting discrimination against the female gender, carving a place for themselves within the business, educational, professional and political arenas of the society. As a result, today, women have much more power then ever before. This is reflected in the area of work. More than half of the labour force is made up of women (Brym, 1995). However, the participation of women in the workforce has also become an economic necessity, because there are less secure full-time jobs and many families today need the dual income. Although many things have changed for women in the last century, the full equality between the genders has not yet been achieved. This essay will argue that women are discriminated against in the labour market. The discrimination is manifested in several ways. First, women are still paid less then men for corresponding jobs. Second, they still form the major part of part-time and temporary workforce. Women are segregated into certain 'female' professions and they are underrepresented in other professions. Women concentrated in jobs stereotyped as "women's jobs" (nursing, clerical child care, retail). They are poorly presented in science, computer science and engineering occupations, which are often very prestigious and well paid. Fourth, more prestigious positions with power are still mainly reserved for men as women often encounter the 'glass ceiling'. Finally, women often do 'second shift' of housework at home, which is unpaid and undervalued. This job inequality is rooted in the broader social inequality, which separates boys and girls from an early age, and which still sharply defines male and female roles with the family and society at large."
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Christianity and North America, 2008.
Argues that Christianity impacted and continues to impact North American culture in unique ways.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although both Canada and the United States, to varying degrees, have renounced their Christian heritages, their basic natures are what they are because of the influence of, or as a reaction against, Christianity. The author points out that, in Canada, the historical evolution of Quebec and English-speaking Canada can be traced to its Christian heritage and the dramatic secularization of Quebec in particular can be traced to a rejection of that heritage. The paper relates that, for the United States, even though America has always been a fairly secular society in a formal, legal sense, it does have, and has always had, a religious element responsible for thrusting into the public spotlight social issues, which compel Americans to take sides and to engage in the pressing concerns of the day.
From the Paper
"Starting first with the similarities between the two nations, it is evident that both Canada and the United States have a much more modest role for God in public life than is to be found in many other countries. For instance, just as jurists in Canada treat the 1982 Canadian Constitution's reference to God in its preamble as vestigial and thus prefer a form of jurisprudence that has frequently sought to de-Christianize public space in the Dominion, American jurists have also taken to employing an aggressive form of jurisprudence, founded in the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, that holds the use of the word "God" in the Pledge of Allegiance to be unconstitutional."
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Canada-American Relations, 2008.
Looks at Canadian-American relations during the Cold War.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that, most of the time, Canada was a loyal ally of the U.S. during the first three decades of the Cold War. The paper also argues, however that, in the period from 1968 to 1975, Canada deviated from America in substantial ways because of a more belligerent form of nationalism and because of the desire of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau to carve for himself a distinctive path in Canadian political history. The paper concludes that Canada may have failed to "tow the line" on occasion, but its record as an ally of Washington's is a strong one, especially during the late 1940s, 1950s and most of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"In the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, Canada's contribution to continental air security extended beyond simply being a welcome cushion for America in the event of an all-out war. Firstly, Canada erected, maintained and operated the Mid-Canada or McGill Radar Warning Line - an installation that paralleled the complex US Pine Tree System. The existence of the Mid-Canada Radar Warning Line says a couple things about Canada during this period: firstly, it says that Canada was willing to expend large sums of money on a defense project that would benefit America as well as the Dominion."
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Canadian Retirement Pensions, 2008.
This paper looks at the Canada Pension Plan and Old Age Security pension that are relevant for Canadian workers.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at why the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and Old Age Security pension were brought into existence and explores additional, pertinent acts at the provincial level. The paper then discusses how retirees can ensure they receive CPP/employee benefits and concludes by looking at how the federal acts impact other, provincial acts. The paper highlights the importance of understanding the pension process in Canada and its dynamics.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the Canada Pension Plan and the Old Age Security Pension were both established because it was evident by the early war years that something needed to be done to assist the elderly in their declining years; in particular, these men and women simply did not have enough money to ensure themselves a comfortable, or even adequate, standard of living after retirement. With that in mind, 1951 saw section 94A added to the British North American Act (now the Constitution Act, 1867). The new addition stated that the federal government could enact laws pertaining to old age pensions along as the legislation did not affect laws administered in the provinces. One year later, courtesy the new powers granted under section 94A, the universal Old Age Security Program was put into place, but only for Canadians aged 70 and above."
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Quiet Sweatshops in Canada, 2008.
A descriptive look at the mistreatment of workers in the garment industry in Canada.
2,207 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper is a comprehensive description of the problems facing the garment industry in Canada with specific relation to the ill treatment and exploitation of employees. The paper further delves into the reasons for mistreatment and indicates how the situation in Canada differs from that found elsewhere in the world.The paper calls on Canadian citizens to rectify the situation.
From the Paper
"As Canadians, we like to think that many of the world's problems do not affect us. Things like sweatshops, human rights violations, human smuggling, gross gender inequalities and racism - all of these things are characteristics of other nations but not our nation. Unfortunately, that is not the case. For instance, a study done a few years ago found that homeworkers in Toronto earned as little as $2 per hour. In fact, the research of Dr. Roxana Ng found that homeworkers were not being paid overtime, were working longer hours each week than the average employee, were not receiving vacation pay, were plagued by back, knee, and shoulder problems for which they were receiving no compensation, and - in most instances - were earning between $6 and $8 per hour. Finally, and this might be the most disagreeable finding of all, Ng uncovered that the piece rate of these homeworkers was actually reduced as their productivity increased ("Sweatshop Labour," 14). Simply put, even though we pride ourselves on being a nation with minimum wage standards and with a high regard for basic human rights, the stark reality is that there are large numbers of Canadians being exploited even now by unscrupulous business people."
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The Land Use Trend of Urban Sprawl, 2008.
A media representation and scholarly analysis of the land use trend of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada.
1,949 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a number of media discussions of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region of Ontario, Canada, in the context of scholarly analyses of this phenomenon. The paper argues that urban sprawl must be understood in terms of an economic geography analysis. It claims that this perspective would not only explain the factors contributing to this trend, but also explain its costs in environmental terms. The paper also discusses the implications for continuing change in land use and economic development in terms of Weberian locational principles. The paper contains appended original sources.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Media Representations of Urban Sprawl
Media in Context: The Scholarly Literature
Solutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As we have seen, while the media representation of urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe region have generally focused on environmental issues or associated political questions, there has been little attention paid to the broader economic forces that have shaped this land use trend. Through a review of scholarly literature combined with lecture material, it has been demonstrated how we must understand this phenomenon in terms of economic geography to appreciate its historical development as well as how the unchecked acceleration of this process risks increasing transportation costs and thereby - as Weberian locational behavior principles would suggest - undermining the economic future of the entire region. Thus, the necessity for government as a player in this process becomes clear, although the history of planning on this issue would suggest that viable solutions to the problem must incorporate a significant role for market forces as primary elements of change in the future of the region."
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Residential 'Indian' Schools in Quebec, 2008.
An analysis of the purpose and impact on families of residential 'Indian' schools in Quebec.
4,594 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how residential schooling affected Aboriginal or Inuit women in Quebec. The paper begins by describing Quebec's First Nations and how the white population related to them. It then discusses Quebec's residential 'Indian' schools, their ideology and peculiarity. The paper also describes the original purposes of these schools and the impacts that they had on families.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Contemporary Issues
Quebec's First Nations
Quebec Residential 'Indian' Schools
Ideology and Particularity
Assimilation versus Other Motivations
Impacts upon Families
Last Remarks
From the Paper
"Cultural revival, as a positive set of developments among Aboriginal Canadians across Canada, has had different imprints upon Aboriginal women, Native womanhood of yore universally glorified, little room left for the reality of Native women whose families, by choice, were indeed Christians, their ways of life different, those for whom the attendance of residential school could involve relatively little adjustment, some of their experiences of school remarkably positive towards continuing involvement in Roman Catholic, Anglican or other Christian activities. For instance, Kim Anderson's scholarship is a contribution to explaining patterns of Aboriginal society as could be effectively removed by experiences such as residential education in schools that did reject the culture from which students came. (2000) However, where are the stories of thousands of Aboriginal women in particular and especially those of Quebec? Is the testimony of women who were not traumatized by their experiences of boarding school of no significance? What of those sent to parochial schools by their families in keeping with other Quebecois women? Where are their stories of residential education? What do they now recommend for the education of Aboriginal youth? Why are these quite usual and numerous Aboriginal Canadians invisible in the literature of Native Studies?"
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Gentrification and Counter-Gentrification, 2008.
An analysis of the implications of gentrification and counter-gentrification in Kensington Market in Toronto.
1,263 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the process of gentrification and counter-gentrification in a particular Toronto neighborhood, known as Kensington Market. It argues that counter gentrification is currently a very powerful force in Kensington Market. It suggests that Kensington Market is too popular of an area to remain unaffected by gentrification and that it is also quite possible that counter-gentrification may unintentionally create the perfect conditions for gentrification to take hold.
Table of Contents:
Kensington Market
Car Free Sundays and the Anti-Corporate Movement
Are Counter Gentrification Forces Being Successful
Counter Gentrification Becoming a Force of Gentrification
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"The resistance to this store was led by a performance artist going by the name Reverend Billy and his church of Church of Stop Shopping. In essence this group preformed a very large performance piece in front of the Freshmart. This brought a great deal of negative publicity to the Freshmart (Shiff 2004: 1). The goals of these activities were to make life difficult for corporate businesses so they might close down. It also serves as a disincentive to corporate businesses so that they are less likely to set up operations in Kensington Market."
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NAFTA: Does Trade Equal Prosperity?, 2008.
An argument that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has failed to improve the standards of living for North American citizens.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the 'benefit' of increased trade has failed to usher in a new era of prosperity, of higher incomes, more jobs and better standards of living for all North American citizens. The paper asserts that the assumption that NAFTA would naturally benefit the economy, merely through the activity of an unimpeded and less-restricted market, was ultimately naive. The paper shows how although NAFTA has delivered an increase in trade, wages have not increased, social programs have been cut, working conditions have become worse and employment rates have risen.
From the Paper
"Much has been said about the positive effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement for all of the countries involved, during the time since its original inception. The benefits to trade have been especially lauded, as have other, perhaps originally unintended effects, such as the increased security of borders between the North American partner countries in a time of concern about terrorism. The agreement has also had its critics, however, in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico--critics who argue that the perceived benefits of NAFTA are far outweighed by its costs. Interestingly, critics in each of the countries involved find arguments to reason that their own country has suffered losses due to NAFTA, when one might expect that the less economically and politically powerful countries, Mexico and, to a lesser extent, Canada, would have suffered all of the negative consequences, while the USA would certainly have seen the benefits. This does not seem to be the case, and it is for this reason that it is not possible to portion out the costs and benefits of NAFTA in an absolute way. "
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