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Traditional Healing in Native Canadian Indians, 2006.
An overview of the medical and social problems faced by Native Indians and suggestions of how to deal with some of these problems.
2,004 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper briefly explains the history of Canadian Indians. The writer details the pattern of death and the main diseases that affect the Canadian Indians, including lifestyle related diseases, infectious diseases and the increased number of violent deaths. The paper discusses the high rate of drug abuse, and suicides found in this group of people. The writer explains that most articles written about these issues suggest the need to increase income, education and social opportunities for Indian youth and adolescents. In conclusion, the writer states that the Indian communities have adapted and integrated both traditional and western approaches to fit their own unique sociocultural needs.
From the Paper
"Native Aboriginal also have an increased risk for diabetes. This is probably because their original diet was low in simple carbohydrates and over the centuries, their bodies adapted to this regime. Diabetes is 4-8 times more common in Canadian Indians compared to the general Canadian population. In some Indian communities, up to half of all adults have diabetes. Indian Elders suffer from higher rates of complications from diabetes. Unfortunately, the individuals least open to the regimen of western medicine are Indian elders, making proper treatment of their diabetes more difficult. They are not able to return to the original diet of their ancestors and often die early of complications. "Also there are numerous challenges facing these same individuals, families, and communities in their struggle to reduce the harm due to substance use/abuse. Among Indian and Native people, special challenges include whether or not, and, if so, how to adapt treatment or prevention programs for use in their own communities. Another challenge is how to draw upon and incorporate cultural values, skills, and knowledge into this struggle. In addition, how to reconcile certain cultural practices, such as the ceremonial use of tobacco and peyote, with messages about harmful substance use continues to be a challenge as well. Others include how to develop self-sustaining programs once private, state, or federal support for their start-up has ended. For instance, the Wheel Council uses traditional arts like storytelling as a means to heal social problems such as racism, drug addiction, violence, economic injustice, health crises, child abuse and neglect."
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Canadian Unions, 2006.
A look at the current situation in the Canadian job market.
1,278 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author reviews the current issues surrounding the Canadian job market and how the Canadian unions can help the situation and protect their workers.The paper highlights how changing corporate trends have led to downsizing and hiring of multi skilled labor where employers demand high efficiency but are willing to pay low wages for it. In conclusion the author looks at ways in which the unions can help the changing demands of the workplace and the costs associated with it.
From the Paper
"Informing a new generation of workers about the benefits of union membership is a high priority for the labor movement. When a young person starts a new job, they handed a host of benefits and they think, 'Isn't this great.' But it wasn't always that way. Labor unions feel that actions taken by cautious regulators could blow up in their faces if they force a quick resolution to a theoretical funding shortfall in multi-employer pension funds. Union infighting could well erupt over measures needed to satisfy regulatory concerns. If younger workers refuse to make sacrifices for retirees, they could torpedo the very pension plans regulators seek to protect."
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Transcontinental Railroads and the Development of Canada, 2006.
A multi-disciplinary examination of trans-continental railroads and how they have interacted with the growth and development of Canada.
7,249 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the life of James Hill (1838-1916), founder of the Great Northern railroad, and nicknamed "the Empire Builder". The paper also notes Hill's early involvement with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), and analyzes his successes in building and marketing his rail lines. The paper then analyzes the CPR and its effects on Canadian development, and reviews the earlier development of the canal infrastructure which provided waterways between the United States and Canada at the start of the 19th century. Next, the paper focuses on the Maritime Provinces and what has been written about them by various authors. Then the paper changes focus to what those writers have to say about the rest of Canada, returning to their views of travel on Canada's railroads, and especially the CPR. In conclusion, the paper finds that travel writers describe the country best when they focus on railroads and travel by rail.
From the Paper
"A man of penetrating commercial vision, Hill foresaw the growth of trade with the Pacific Rim. His road would bridge this traffic from the Pacific Northwest, where he saw the logical port of entry to markets back east. He would haul cotton from the South for export to the Orient, and his freight cars would return filled with lumber from the Northwest to build the heartland. Notwithstanding his view on trains that carry people, the flagship passenger train of his Great Northern bore his nickname, the Empire Builder."
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Ontario Smog Plan, 2006.
A discussion of the smog problem in Ontario and a review of the Ontario Smog Plan.
2,636 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
The paper defines what smog is and explains that it is often found in large urban areas. The writer breaks down and explains the chemical components of smog and its effects on health and the environment. The paper summarizes the Ontario Smog Plan and discusses whether it will work to reduce smog significantly. The writer suggests some tips that citizens can follow in order to contribute to the goals of the Ontario Plan. In conclusion, the writer states that, although not perfect, the plan is a step in the right direction and that hopefully, with community participation and clever fine-tuning, the Canadian city's plan will become a model for future environmental efforts around the world.
Table of Contents:
Emission Sources
- NOx emissions
- VOCs
- Ambient Air Levels (ground-level ozone)
- Human Health Effects
- Environmental Effects
Particulate Matter (PM)
- Ambient Air Levels of PM
- Human Health Effects
Environmental and Other Impacts
Ontario's Plan
- Goal
Transportation
1. Drive Clean (MOE)
2. Gasoline Formulas (MOE)
3. Green Fleets (Toronto)
4. Anti-Idling Bylaw (Toronto)
Particulate Matter
5. PM10 Standard (MOE)
Industry
6. Stewardship Initiatives
State of the Environment Reporting
7. Air Quality Monitoring (MOE)
The Targets
- Transit
- Coal Fired Electric Plants
- Transboundary Air Pollution (Canada/U.S.)
- Sulphur in Fuels
Tips for contributing to the goals of the Ontario Health Plan
- Getting Around
- Around the Home
- Shopping
- Community
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Human Health Effects. Research in the US and Canada has repeatedly documented a strong correlation between high ozone levels and rates of hospitalization and worker absenteeism. Ontario studies have shown that in the months May to August, approximately five per cent of daily respiratory hospital admissions are associated with ozone. Other findings have shown hospital admissions linked to ozone occurring at levels well below the current national air quality objective of 82 ppb, with the probability and severity of health effects increasing with increasing exposure. Furthermore, it appears that there is no human health threshold for ozone, that is, there is no level that can be deemed safe. Populations more sensitive to ozone exposure include young children, the elderly, people with respiratory problems, and people active outdoors, particularly in the summer.
Impacts on human health related to high ozone levels are summarized below:
? respiratory system:
? lung functioning (coughing, shortness of breath, pain on inspiration, throat irritation, wheezing, chest tightness);
? chronic and acute bronchitis, asthma; and
? pulmonary emphysema;
? possible interference with the immune system; and
? headaches, burning eyes, irritated sinuses."
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Canada and Hydropower, 2006.
This paper examines hydropower, the number one source of renewable energy in Canada and its impact on the environment.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes hydropower which is a form of energy obtained from flowing water. Hydropower has been in existence for over 2000 years when the Greek first powered a clock using water around 250 BC. The writer of this paper focuses on Hydro-Quebec, the largest source of hydropower in Quebec and argues that this renewable energy source is an environmentally-hazardous option.
From the Paper
"Furthermore, Hydro-Quebec has also been active in diverse areas of the world, forming partnerships with US power plants and investing in hydropower efforts in Senegal and Vietnam. Although the company's promotional literature claims that Hydro-Quebec is committed to environment-friendly processes, the fact that the potential damage of hydropower is not yet known threatens the credibility of Hydro-Quebec's claim. Indeed, although such organizations as Greenpeace Canada prefer the use of hydropower, as provided by Hydro-Quebec and similar firms across Canada."
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Canadian Politics, 2005.
This paper applies the principles presented in Richard C. Box's "Citizen Governance: Leading American Communities into the 21st Century" to Canadian politics, which bear little resemblance to American governmental practices.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada has a long history of political dissension, which is important to the function of the parliament and the provincial legislatures because this system is dependant on the loyalty of one party's colleagues to stand behind them while the other party provides appropriate criticism. The author points out that, while most times a Canadian citizen's choice of party affiliation stems from a commonality of ideals and principles, it also can be based on nothing more than family tradition. The paper relates that, in Canada, the political scene is constantly evolving; in recent years, decentralization has been on the rise, the federal government has abdicated many of its powers to the provinces and the traditional three-party system has splintered off into various other factions.
From the Paper
"While Box's emphasis is on individualism, Canadians seek more explicit acknowledgement of the importance and influence of social organization, expressed in the concept of community, as both driving and restraining individuals' behavior. After all, individuals live in communities that are real in a physical sense, as members of a social group living in and identifying with a locality. However, these communities are also real in a social sense, as members of social groups with common cultural characteristics such as shared beliefs and values. Additionally, they are solidified in an economic sense, as in a group's common ownership of economic resources or participation in economic endeavor."
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Investors Welcome Ontario Bill 198, 2006.
This paper discusses Canada's 'Ontario Bill 198," which is intended for strict internal and external controls governing business economic transactions, thus resulting in increased investor confidence.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how the infamous Enron case caused regulatory bodies the world over to be concerned and stressed the need for greater control in the form of stringent and revised policies as well as a dramatic increase in penalties for any unethical and illegal offenses. The paper also examines the resulting positive impact the bill has on Canadian investors while boosting the capital market.
From the Paper
"It is evident that the Ontario Bill 198 has not only radically transformed the role of CGA, CSA, OSC and CICA in setting up standards but it has also resulted in increased investor's confidence and greater stability of the capital market where employment of ethical standards is essential for the survival of the market system. Ontario Bill has thus augmented the power of investors thereby equipping them with new-found confidence in the workings of the market system where there hard-earned and much-valued capital remains at stake but which is no more at the mercy of the financial accountants."
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Margaret Atwood and Pierre Berton, 1006.
A comparison of two of Canada's most celebrated authors, Margaret Atwood and Pierre Berton.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In comparing these two authors, this paper explains that, while the works of both authors affect children, the age groups affected are different. More specifically, the paper explains that Atwood's stories are directed more at younger ages whereas Berton's books and volumes of history are more for older children and teenagers.
From the Paper
"'Margaret Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on November 18, 1939. Because her father was a forest entomologist, Atwood spent most of her childhood living in the Canadian wilderness. During the eight months of each year that her father did insect research in the forest, the Atwood family lived in a cabin with a wood stove and several kerosene lanterns. There were many wild animals such as bears in the area. While this lifestyle was exciting, she did not have most modern conveniences and technology. To entertain herself, Atwood read books. They became her only means for entertainment and escape. One of her favorite books as a child was Grimm's Fairy Tales. During this childhood of reading, Atwood also began to write. By the age of six, Atwood was writing poems, morality plays, comic books, and an unfinished novel about an ant. Ten years later, Atwood decided that she only wanted to write. She wanted "to live a double life; to go places she haven't been. Two years after this life-altering decision, Atwood entered Victoria College at the University of Toronto."
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The Acidification of Canadian Lakes, 2006.
A look at the damaging effects of acid rain on Canadian lakes.
1,458 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the environmental damage that acid rain has caused in Canada. It explains what acid rain is and details the threat it poses to the environment, to wildlife and to human life. The paper also discusses its causes, what needs to be done to prevent further damage, and why very little has been done, thus far, to address the problem of acid rain.
From the Paper
"While Canada has far more open land, and less population and industrialization than many other nations,. The seriousness of the acidification of its lakes is beginning to pose a serious problem, to wildlife drinking the water, to fish in the water and to humans who may use lake-water pumped into potable water supply in cities and towns. The one area that seems to be "safe", or virtually so, are the Great lakes, because enormous amounts in limestone both in and around the lakes purify and filter the acids."
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The Ecotourism Debate, 2005.
This paper discusses, switching from logging and fishing to eco-tourism, the economy of two towns, Ucluelet and Tofino, located between the Pacific Rim National Park on the western Vancouver Island, Canada.
4,265 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 26 sources, APA, £ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Tofino has already switched to an economy based on eco-tourism and is now overwhelmed with tourists and environmental activists; Ucluelet is still debating ecotourism and is facing major economic problems. The author points out that people working in tourist-based businesses are optimistic that the community will be well-served by an influx of eco-tourists; however, loggers and fishermen, who would be displaced, feel that tourism is low-paying, seasonal at best and unpredictable. The paper relates that the Ucluelet Chamber of Commerce and the Ucluelet Economic Development Corporation have developed a Smart Growth policy outlining a sustainable economy, which includes positions such as (1) undertaking development in a compact fashion, (2) supporting mixed use development, (3) protecting sensitive environmental areas and (4) integrating open space into daily living.
From the Paper
"In both towns, the supply and affordability of housing is now a problem for those who are seasonally employed--many of whom live in the area all year--and for those who are employed year round, but have middle or lower incomes. Seasonal visitors will pay premium rates for rental units. The result in Tofino has been a lack of affordable year-round housing. In Ucluelet such pressures have not yet become as critical, but as it also grows, it may face housing problems similar to those experienced in Tofino. Affordable housing is seen in both communities as an important part of sustaining the community."
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Women?s Education in Canada, 2004.
An analysis of legislation for women's education in Canada.
1,307 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explores Canadian efforts at ending gender inequality in education and addressing the increased role of women in education, especially in male-dominated fields. The paper examines how the Canadian federal and provincial government has endeavored to actively promote equity through legislation and organizations targeted at providing more opportunities for disadvantaged groups.
From the Paper
"The Canadian government, both at federal and provincial levels, has passed legislation, including the Charter of Freedoms and the Education Act, banning gender-based discrimination at all levels of education. However, discrepancies between men and women still exist and require reform. For example, only ten percent of women aged 15 and above in Canada are university graduates. While 52% of undergraduates are women, they comprise only 46% of full-time students enrolled in full-time Masters programs and only 35% of students enrolled in doctoral programs. In post-secondary education, women are severely underrated in mathematics and the sciences, comprising only 28% of students in mathematics and physical sciences and 18% of engineering students."
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Margaret Atwood, 2005.
This paper discusses the life, philosophy and works, especially her novels "Cat's Eye", "The Handmaid's Tale" and "Surfacing", of Margaret Atwood, considered one of the most influential female Canadian writers of the last four decades.
8,170 words (approx. 32.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 120.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Margaret Atwood is not merely a writer but also the author of a more formative treatise on Canadian literature, "Survival", which serves as a context for interpreting and understanding the work of Canadian authors, in which she claims that Canada has a distinct national literature, distinguished from American and British standards. The author relates that Atwood argues that the central organizing metaphor or "symbol" for Canadian literature is survival, not merely that act of living through difficult times but rather an entire mind-set, which pervades the people and literature of the nation. The paper states that Atwood, writing from her own experience, lived as a child in the deep bush and observed the difference between what the characters of "Cat's Eye" call the wild and the tame of the world and the characters of "Surfacing" call the natives and the Americans.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Atwood's Career History
Survival: The Theory
Nature and Meaning in "Surfacing"
Survival and Nature in "Cat's Eye"
The Influence of Atwood's Life
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The challenge of surviving society and seeking legitimacy is perhaps the greatest challenge in "Cat's Eye", and yet the society of Toronto against which Elaine struggles is rather tame in comparison with the difficult situations of some of Atwood's other heroines, such as Offred. In "Handmaid's Tale", the great difficulties which patriarchy creates for women who wish to communicate with one another are made less subtle and more blatant. Offred spends months communicating with Ofglen before they begin to be able to communicate more than a few words at a time. She is likewise unable to truly communicate with Serena or with the Marthas. Here the Aunts inform and abuse their fellow women, and paranoia and backstabbing are the norm."
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The NCRMD Legal Defense, 2004.
A comprehensive discussion of the history and current understanding of the NCRMD (Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder) legal defense in Canada.
3,119 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origins of the NCRMD (Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder) defense, as well as the history of the defense within Canada. Additionally, the paper explains the current definitions within the Canadian Criminal Code and examines cases in which defendants used the NCRMD plea. The paper shows that while changes to the Canadian Criminal Code need to be made to clarify the criteria for an NCRMD defense, the defense is a very necessary part of the legal process in today's court systems.
From the Paper
"According to a response by the Canadian Federal Government to the 14th Report of the Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights, which reviewed the Mental Disorder Provisions of the Criminal Code, the current NCRMD defense can be traced back to English common law and the M'Naughten Rules (Department of Justice, Canada, 2002). During the 14th century, King Edward III was the first on record to declare madness as a total defense to a criminal charge, and by 1505, a jury in England had acquitted the first defendant on record on the grounds of insanity. According to records, by the late 1500's, the concept of a lack of guilty mind, or intent, was well established in the English courts (Aaronson, 1998)."
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The Canadian Economy, 2005.
A look at some of the economic challenges being faced by Canada.
2,714 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how in recent years, the challenging economic condition in Canada has emerged as a concern for citizens, policy makers and the government alike. It looks at how Canada faces challenges in terms of creating a more innovative society, as the country continues to experience a significant productivity gap compared to other advanced industrial economies. It also discusses how the Canadian industry appears to be slower in successfully developing, applying and marketing innovative products, processes and services than a majority of other nations. It shows how this lack of innovation is the cause of Canada's low productivity growth and competitiveness, and how therefore must be addressed in order to increase employment growth, a higher standard of living and an improved quality of life for all Canadians.
From the Paper
"Since World War II, the impressive growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy into one primarily industrial and urban. As a result of the close cross-border relationship to the United States, the economic sluggishness in the United States in 2001-02 had a negative impact on the Canadian economy. Real growth averaged nearly 3 percent during 1993-2000, but declined in 2001, with moderate recovery in 2002-03 (Canadian Industry in the Global Marketplace, 2001). Unemployment is up, with contraction in the manufacturing and natural resource sectors. Despite this, due to its great natural resources, skilled labor force, and modern capital plant Canada enjoys solid economic prospects. "
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