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Anti-Racist Education in Ontario School Cultures, 2007.
A review of the policy of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada.
3,473 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 14 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada. It describes the historical context of the policy and discusses the possible positive and negative outcomes of adhering to it. The paper argues that school leaders need to do more than adhere to policy guidelines or the adages of public interest groups working to end racism's sway in society. Instead, the paper contends that school leaders must be able to approach anti-racist education creatively and in a manner that respects and encourages student and staff interest in difference while also stressing the reality of racism or discrimination.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Understanding the Historical Context
Racial 'Identity'
Proactive and Constructive School Cultures
Canadian Variations
Who is Responsible for Racism?
Generating a School Culture
Anti-racism and Multiculturalism
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Anti-racism and anti-racist education should be operative ideals promoting a dynamic or spirit, within school settings, beyond a mere ideology of anti-racism. The term of 'inter-racism' mentioned earlier may be helpful towards a vision of desired diversity that is respectful and appreciative in its philosophy and idea of civil society. Educators, as ever, need to lead by example, and should engage in outreach to the surrounding community in ways providing information and activities to explain what a school promotes in its particular culture. Attention to specific histories is conducive to recognition, expanding anti-racism well beyond sloppy notions of 'white' or 'mainstream' versus the non-white or 'marginal', all the while cultivating a sensitivity to difference that may shape opportunity and life experience."
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Women in Islam, 2007.
A look at the attitudes towards married women in Islam.
1,343 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the treatment of married Muslim women who live under the dictates of Islamic law. In particular, it looks briefly at marital issues such as polygamy, feminine "modesty" in marriage (specifically the wearing of the traditional veil) and at the matter of domestic violence and whether the Koran specifically permits such acts. In addition, it discusses divorce as it exists under the tenets of the Koran and some time is devoted to the contentious issue of Sharia law and what it portends for Muslim women living in modern western states, specifically Canada.
From the Paper
"Additionally, the Koran does not encourage violence against wives - at least according to a small group of feminist scholars who have examined the Holy Text. Specifically, they cite Chapters XVI and LXXXI along with Chapter IV which all indicate that women are to be not be "ill-treated" and that relationships between men and women should be characterized by charity and sharing. Furthermore, the "Hadith" or "Sayings of the Prophets" emphasize that only "wicked men" insult women and that the "most perfect believers" were those who treated their wives compassionately. "
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Canadian Identity, 2007.
This paper explores how ice hockey represents Canada's national identity.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that despite the notion of a national identity being threatened by both globalization and the apparent segmentation of Canada into smallish, disparate elements, it is evident that a Canadian culture still exists. The paper examines how ice hockey is typically associated by both Canadians and foreigners with Canada, the nation credited as its birthplace. The paper discusses how Canadians play hockey and enjoy watching it and it is also linked with society in terms of sport, relaxation, literature and fiction.
From the Paper
"The concept of a common national interest and Canadian identity in relation to any field is a tricky one in this current environment of thriving globalization. However, one can identity key national themes upon examining observers' perceptions of a national climate, for example the Canadian state. Many other countries identify Canada as being a country that is not only the home of maple syrup and the bearer of the red leafed flag, but the home of ice hockey, one of the globe's most popular and growing sports. This is despite the notion of a national identity being threatened by both globalization and the apparent segmentation of Canada into smallish, disparate elements, as evidence by the distinctiveness of Quebec society."
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The Gender Wage Gap, 2007.
An analysis of the gender wage gap in Canada according to the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber.
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes what appears to be ensuring the continuation of the gender wage gap in Canada. It specifically analyzes the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber in order to determine the differences between the genders and thus the reasons for the gender wage gap. The paper concludes that neither Marx nor Weber provide acceptable explanations for today's culture.
From the Paper
"Weber's theories also do not offer a blueprint for us to follow today. Weber saw the differences between men and women as natural, and would not have any problem with the gender wage gap. In fact, he would no doubt see it as normal and natural. Indeed, it follows from Weber's theories that - as sex differences are natural - so too are differences in type of work, and pay. Thus, the implication of accepting Weber's theories would be to simply accept the gender wage gap as reflecting the natural differences between men and women. It is argued that this is not at all acceptable today. Moreover, Weber would not have foreseen that men would play increasingly large roles in the lives of their children. If he were around today, he would find the idea of single fathers unbelievable, and also he would find the idea of working mothers (working in the paid work force) unbelievable."
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Immigration and its Impacts, 2007.
A look at the impact of immigration on the suburban landscape, through an abiotic, biotic and cultural analysis of a region of the Greater Toronto area.
2,008 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the "layers of the land" (abiotic, biotic and cultural) in a suburban neighborhood with a particular emphasis upon how issues seen in this neighborhood reflect larger processes currently being experienced in the Greater Toronto Area as a whole. The writer notes that perhaps the most important process being experienced in this area is the interaction between urban sprawl and the "suburbanization of immigration". The writer also points out that the population of the area appears to be in flux, as largely working- or middle-class immigrants of predominantly Asian and South-Asian descent are settling in the neighborhood in greater numbers. In this respect, it is shown how the profound biotic and cultural impacts upon the study area, reflect similar processes underway in the Greater Toronto Area and, in fact, in cities across North America today.
Outline:
Introduction
An A-B-C Analysis
Biotic and Cultural Factors: Conflict and the Suburban Landscape
Critical Analysis
From the Paper
"An abiotic analysis of the region is interesting as it reveals how the built environment of Toronto's suburbia has transformed the natural environment of the region. The weather of the neighbourhood reflects that of the Greater Toronto Area as a whole, and is marked by high seasonal variations from hot, humid summers to cold winters with considerable precipitation. The soil of the region is typical of the soil of Toronto in general in that it is characterized by a thick dark surface and a high proportion of organic matter. This renders the soil of the region particularly beneficial for plants and the growing of crops."
"Surprisingly, however, these abiotic limiting factors which would normally determine the quality and quantity of living things in a given region do not seem to be particularly significant factors in this neighbourhood. Indeed, except for trees, hedges and small plants - usually displayed for cosmetic purposes in residential settings - there is little sign of that the rich qualities of the soil are determining land uses in the area."
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Restorative Justice, 2007.
This paper discusses healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles in regard to restorative justice in Canada.
3,300 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 20 sources, MLA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Canada is a unique society, in that the modern nation was created out of the conquest of the original inhabitants of the land - the Aboriginals. The writer maintains that it is possible to argue that this unique circumstance of our origins predicates a different approach to justice - at least with regards to the subjugated people. One suggested approach has been the use of restorative justice, as an alternative model to retributive justice. In this specific context, this would require the use of traditional Aboriginal restorative justice practices, including healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles. This paper introduces this topic with a broad overview of the key issues; describes healing circles and Aboriginal sentencing circles; evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these circles; analyzes the implications for our current retributive system; and concludes with a critical analysis and general conclusions.
From the Paper
"All of this is clearly evident from the fact that the Aboriginal population is so over-represented in our prison systems. While Aboriginals comprise less than 2% of the Canadian population, they account for almost 10% of the population of federal incarceration facilities, and much greater percentages of the territorial and provincial institutions. It has also been noted that for Aboriginal sub-groups, such as youth and women, the percentages may be even more disproportionate. In an holistic sense, it would be wonderful to have a justice system that not only coped with the immediate problem of how we as a society deal with criminal offenders, but also contributed in a much more holistic sense to the greater good of our society as a whole."
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Canada and Prostitution, 2007.
An analysis of the laws in Canada regarding prostitution and sex-trade workers.
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the laws in Canada vis-a-vis prostitution and discusses whether or not these laws serve to shield sex trade workers from abuse and exploitation. It also discusses to whom prostitutes can turn if they require assistance. The paper then explores the options which might reduce pimping - or at least control it appreciably.
From the Paper
"Be that as it may, there are people and institutions to whom sex trade workers in Canada can turn even if the nature of their work compels them to work in shadowy locations with perfect strangers. For one thing, organizations like the Pivot Legal Society (located in Vancouver, British Columbia) exist to advance the interests and concerns of sex trade workers (Pivot Legal Society, 2006). There is also a down-town drop-in shelter for sex trade workers in Vancouver - a city which has long had a serious prostitution problem - that receives generous contributions from private business if not from local, provincial and federal governments (Spirit of Vancouver, 2003). Although information is surprisingly scant, one can surmise that similar shelters exist in other large Canadian metropolitan centers with prostitution problems - such as Toronto and Montreal. In any event, police services throughout Canada have not had a historically strong reputation for treating the concerns of prostitutes well - a situation which has necessarily led to the under-reporting of violent assaults against sex trade workers."
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Quebec Radical Cheerleaders, 2007.
This paper explores how the activities of the Toronto faction of the radical cheerleaders in Quebec City were both reactionary and revolutionary.
2,175 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that individuals and groups use civil disobedience to protest a wide range of issues raging from environmental pollution to political or social corruption. The paper looks at the activities of the Toronto faction of the Radical Cheerleaders during the anti-FTAA (Free Trade of the Americas Act) protests in Quebec City. The paper shows how the radical cheerleaders displayed a combination of reactionary and revolutionary characteristics.
From the Paper
"People all have interests and opinions. Groups of people and individuals tend to show a wide range of interests and opinions. In society some of these people's interests and opinions will receive a great deal of attention while others will be ignored or suppressed. People that do not have their interests meet or their opinions heard usually have to rely on alternative methods to make their voices heard. One of the more common ways is civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is defined as, "refusal to obey governmental commands especially as a nonviolent means of protest"(Anonymous 96)."
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Canadian Cinema, 2007.
This paper discusses the themes of identity, race and ethnicity in Canadian cinema.
2,166 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer notes that identity is tied to the construction of ethnicity in the art of 20th century Canadian cinema and notions of modern Canadian ethnicity are created through the vehicle of art. Young Canadians must come to grips with their senses of themselves as both Canadian and a member of a particular ethnic group, or a hyphenated ethnic group. The writer maintains that art, although an imperfect medium, becomes a fertile but problematic place to engage in self-analysis and a search for national identity. The writer concludes that what is interesting in the films mentioned in the paper, however, is not their final thesis, or the characters' ultimate destination, but the willingness to struggle with complicated notions of ethnicity and identity in art, even while the postmodern and self-referential aesthetic of the films ultimately suggests that to find a final answer is impossible.
From the Paper
"This theme is most potently evidenced in Egoyan's 1993 film entitled "Calendar." In this self-referential film, Egoyan casts himself in the role of an Armenian-Canadian filmmaker, who has been commissioned to produce a series of artfully staged pictures of churches for a touristy calendar. These photographs are, the film suggests, a manufactured art, and are meant to embody the way that an 'other' ethnicity is often rendered palatable to a mainstream audience in Canada, as a commodity rather than as a living, evolving product of humanity. Buildings, rather than human beings are the focus of the photographer's frame, and the cinematic techniques of the film force the viewer to see the churches through his orderly, artistic gaze as he renders Armenia beautiful, static, and unchanging."
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Cultural Genocide, 2007.
This paper discusses the cultural history of Canada and looks at the cultural genocide of the aboriginal population.
1,103 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the undertakings of dominant groups in Canada, such as Canadians of European descent, have systematically destroyed traditions, values, languages and many other elements associated with the indigenous population of Canada. The writer points out that the apt terminology for the destruction that has been wrecked upon the Native Canadian population is 'cultural genocide'. The writer then discusses that scholars have argued that the Canadian government and its European dominated population have perpetuated policies that engender genocide to aboriginal culture. In this study, the above areas are examined in detail to create a holistic picture of the cultural genocide perpetuated against Canada's aboriginal population. The writer concludes that it is now the responsibility of the Canadian government to rectify these wrongs through promoting greater efforts to increase respect for aboriginal culture and provide greater aid to their cause of re-defining and finding their lost heritage.
From the Paper
"At the core of Canada's aboriginal appeasement policy in the wake of land grabbing through Canadian migration, is the concept of reserves. The concept of reserves and "nation to nation" treaties are intended to preserve and promote cultural distinctness at the surface level. However, reserves face severe problems that have actually led to the disintegration of aboriginal culture, and in the final analysis, cultural genocide. Reserves have systematic unemployment and welfare dependency, and lacking a self-sufficient infrastructure forces aboriginals to live by the whim of government subsidies and general dependence. As a result, the conceptual understanding of reserves have changed form a Utopian vision to something that has changed dramatically, as aboriginals continue to migrate into city slums. Although a small urban aboriginal middle class have emerged in the past decade, the majority of Aboriginals still live in the shadows in created "ghettoes" in which aboriginals congregate. In essence the Canadian government has used its "reserve" policy to ignore the pragmatic needs of aboriginals, especially those who are force to migrate into the cities."
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Rebellion in Canadian Cinema, 2007.
An analysis of the representation of rebellion in Canadian cinema as compared to American and British cinema.
1,911 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 0 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Canadian films such as "Goin' Down the Road"(1970), directed by Donald Shebib and "Nobody Waved Goodbye"(1964), directed by Donald Owen, ultimately suggest that Canada has not yet found its solution to the problems of societal rebellion and tension and neither adolescents nor adults can articulate an ideology of meaningful resistance.
From the Paper
" The film's jerky camera motions, overlapping dialogue, and clumsy scene splicing highlights this unfinished nature as well. Peter is an unfinished person, isolated even from other people his own age, and the only coherent windows on his life are provided by the jumps and jerks of the confined black-and-white cinematic lens. Unlike the delinquents of America who gleefully flee to the open road with a sense of possibility, to Peter the nation of Canada is so vast, so isolate and rural, that he feels he has nowhere to go within its borders, even when he is driving in a (stolen) car. "
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Teacher Turnover, 2007.
The paper examines the causes of high school teacher turnover in Ontario, Canada.
735 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the international phenomena that teachers are leaving the profession at a faster rate than new teachers are entering it. The paper examines a survey that was conducted to determine causes of high school teacher turnover. The paper shows how extra workloads, lack of support or mentoring and undesirable assignments are reasons teachers leave the profession. The paper maintains that it is time to implement mentoring programs and hire additional resources to help with the extra curricular work.
Outline:
Introduction
Reasons
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To become a teacher, one must go through a university education and become certified to teach. It is a lot of preparation, with the hopes that those who make it through the program will make a career out of molding young minds, however, instead the profession as a whole experiences a disproportionately high turnover rate. Teachers report entering the profession because of their love of children and their desire to help mold the future of the world through education, however, many teachers decide to leave the profession they were trained for within years of starting out. There are several reasons that Ontario has a high turnover rate, and the time has come to try and reverse the problems so that trained, qualified teachers can be retained for the long term."
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Cigarette Smoking in Canada, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons why Canadians begin smoking, continue smoking and quit smoking.
2,720 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on discussing the reasons why Canadians smoke. It examines why individuals begin smoking, continue their smoking trends and finally what motivates them to quit smoking. The paper discusses the sociological understanding of human motivation in an attempt to understand the above three factors with regard to cigarette smokers.
From the Paper
"Overall however, the outlook is bright for Canadian non-smoking campaigns. For the first time this last year, there are more ex-smokers than current smokers in Canadian society. Those who use to smoke have made the conscious decision to stop the cycle for their loved ones and children. Smoking begins with Canadian youth who are influenced by social media as well as adults and society to begin smoking and it perpetuates because of the social typecasting and overall clique nature of smokers. The herd mentality is the strongest impetus for all three stages of a smoker's cycle, because individuals associated smoking as a strongly social activity. However, as society moves away from smoking as a socially accepted medium, more and more youth will look to smoking less as anti-culture and more as irrelevant. As this process continues the next decade will see less and less smokers both take up and perpetuate this disgusting habit."
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Women in Politics, 2007.
This paper examines the role women play in the political systems of the United States, Canada and Mexico.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains how the United States, Canada and Mexico have different political histories and the role of women in the political systems of each country differs accordingly. The paper discusses the similar situation in the United States and Canada and shows how the role women have in both countries is more advanced than in Mexico. The paper discusses the Mexican political system, a regime marked by one-party rule and incomplete political development. The paper concludes that the place of women in Mexican society is still secondary and it will take time before Mexico achieves parity with the U.S. and Canada.
From the Paper
"The relationship of the citizen of a given country to political action depends on the social and political history of that country and the traditions that shape the political system. This is true for both men and women, though historically women have had less direct involvement with the political system because women have been socially marginalized in most countries for at least some period in history. The three countries involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement, have different political histories."
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