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Negotiable Identities, 2007.
An analysis of Dorinne Kondo's arguments in "Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace".
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the construction of identity in modern Japan. It focuses on Dorinne Kondo's argument in her work, "Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace", that identity is a "negotiable" quantity that is continually shifting in response to a range of different forces and contexts. The paper and Kondo discuss this according to the complexities of trans-national Asian identity in a contemporary Canadian context.
From the Paper
"It may be argued, from a personal perspective, that this sense of identity as a shifting and ambiguous process of creation can be seen in the trans-national Asian identity in Canada today. For Asian immigrants, and particularly children of first-generation immigrants, there is a overriding preoccupation with preserving one's heritage identity set against the common accusation that one is a banana (yellow on the outside/white on the inside) or is "white-washed" by mainstream Canadian culture. For many of these children of immigrants, like the employees in the Sato factory or the Okinawans, their own identity is in continual flux as they move between mainstream Canadian society and the more narrow world of the family. Language is a primary signifying factor in this shifting identity in that while many of us speak our native tongues at home with parents and family, the other parts of our lives involved in working or studying or even enjoying free time in Canada necessitates the use of English. While we creatively construct our identities in this process, it must be acknowledged that - as with the Okinawans - there is considerable anxiety as to its implications for our understanding of ourselves."
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The Aboriginal People of Winnipeg, 2007.
This paper examines the health issues, employment, poverty, housing and education of the aboriginal people in Winnipeg, Manitoba.
1,090 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that 8.4 per cent of the total 661,730 population of Winnipeg is aboriginal, which is the second highest percentage of the 13 major Canadian cities. The author points out that the young age of the majority of the aboriginals in Winnipeg is very important because it can have a major impact on the need for more educational and welfare services. The paper stresses that the effects of poverty and housing issues may be a major cause of poor health among aboriginal people in Winnipeg. The author relates that the demographic profiles seem to indicate that social and economic disadvantages facing aboriginal people in Winnipeg have been limiting their educational achievements. The paper includes several quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aboriginal Population of Winnipeg
Income, Employment and Poverty
Housing Issues
Health Issues
Education Issues
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The differences in incomes between aboriginal people and non-aboriginal people in Winnipeg can be partially explained by differences in employment and unemployment rates. The total employment rate for Winnipeg in 2001 was 64.8 per cent and the unemployment rate was 5.6 per cent. The employment rate for aboriginals in Winnipeg is only 55.1 per cent and the unemployment rate is 14.3 per cent. This would seem to indicate that the higher unemployment rate in the aboriginal population of Winnipeg is a major factor in the poverty of that population."
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Inflation Targeting, 2007.
This paper discusses inflation targeting, with a focus on Canada.
969 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the approach of trying to control inflation through economic policies or monetary policies is considered inflation targeting. The paper discusses the difference between New Zealand and Canada's policies. The paper shows how the overall framework for inflation targeting has been seen to be extremely important and effective.
From the Paper
"Inflation targeting began in New Zealand, which is truly familiar with the Asian community in terms of developing a small and open economy adjusting to a new capital account, exchange rate and deregulated financial markets. In other words, inflation targeting requires a public message of numerical intentions for price increases for the upcoming years."
"As this may be bothersome to some and may regard inflation as the plague, governments try to censor it by implementing conventional and viable economic and monetary policies. The approach of trying to control inflation through economic policies or monetary policies is considered inflation targeting."
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Women's Labor Market Positions in the 20th Century, 2007.
An analysis of the changing conditions of the 20th century women's labor market in Canada.
2,402 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Canadian women went through a shift in their labor market position over the course of the 20th century, towards less exclusion and more entitlement to waged work. The paper shows how the division of labor has changed through the 20th century towards greater female equality in the workplace, entitlement and security. It then discusses how, in spite of the changes, women still appear to work for less income than men while also continuing with childcare duties.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
World War I
World War II
A Society Described as One Society
Reflection and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One begins to wonder too how typical working class girls were, as none of the materials seem to refer to women who went to university, took business courses, taught school, served as nurses in the World Wars or, for that matter, completed medical school in the later 19th century. A reader could get the idea that such women did not exist in Canada till the 1950s or later. One also begins to think of wives and mothers who were widows after World War I and how they managed - their work in raising children on small pensions, apparently, not something in which we should be interested, today. What do the authors see as women's paid work and why is it so very important compared to other women's achievements that perhaps do not have to do with the boring topic of class formation or industrial labour. A reader who was not curious would be given nothing with which to imagine the kinds of societies in which women lived through the early 20th century. Canada had no 'safety net' till after 1945, and this is very important in terms of how one tries to see the world to which women were born. (See Porter 2003) The custom of seeing men employed, who would then support women and children, came from something other than wishing to 'imprison' women in the home, as they were responsible for dependents where deep poverty was possible. If a man lost his income, there could be serious deprivation for several people who depended on him in the absence of state relief."
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Aboriginals in Vancouver, 2007.
This paper examines the Aboriginal population of Vancouver.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper presents a variety of statistics and reveals that members of Vancouver's Aboriginal population are likely to be younger, poorer and less well paid than their non-Aboriginal neighbors. The paper discusses the services and institutions that serve or support them and notes how problems are sometimes exacerbated by the fact that agencies are not status-blind, causing some Aboriginals to fall through the cracks. The paper highlights how there remains substantial work to be done before equality among all Vancouver residents can be attained.
From the Paper
"Approximately 4.4% of the population of Canada identifies as at least partly Aboriginal. This proportion is steadily increasing, due to the fact that the Aboriginal population is growing faster than the non-Aboriginal population - and this trend is intensifying. For example, Statistics Canada notes that during the 20th century, the number of Aboriginal people increased by a factor of 10, while the total population of Canada increased by a factor of only 6. In addition, this difference became much more marked in the second half of the century. In the first half of the 20th century, the total population of Canada more than doubled, growing by 161%, while the numbers of Aboriginal people grew by just 29%."
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Aboriginal Community Problems, 2007.
This paper examines the conditions of the aboriginal community in Winnipeg, Canada.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that aboriginal peoples in the city in Canada live under terrible conditions. The paper focuses on the aboriginal people in Winnipeg and explains their condition with a discussion of stereotypes. The paper also looks at the sociological perspective of conflict theory that best explains the problems of aboriginal people. The paper concludes that they can only improve their own conditions if they have power.
From the Paper
"Aboriginal peoples who live in the city in Canada live under the worst conditions. Compared with other Canadians, they have very low social and economic status. They also have very little education. However, all Aboriginal peoples are not the same. Depending on the city, they can be very different from Aboriginal groups in other cities. This paper is concerned with Aboriginal people in Winnipeg. For one thing, these people have a higher level of education, but the level of poverty also is still high. Even when Aboriginal people in the city should be in a good position, they are not. One very important explanation for the condition of Aboriginal people in Winnipeg is stereotypes. The sociological perspective that best explains the problems of Aboriginal people in Winnipeg and the rest of Canada is conflict theory."
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Local Health Integration Networks in Ontario, 2007.
This paper explores both the potential benefits and the possible negative impacts of introducing LHINs (local health integration networks) into Ontario.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper researches what the effects will be for Ontario once the LHIN (local health integration networks) program is operational. The paper reviews literature and concludes that the outcome of the LHIN program depends on the Ontario government, whether the health care system will continue to be fully decentralized, as well as the degree of integration that can be achieved.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"Local health integration networks (LHINs) are made up of 14 government building blocks. They are intended to plan, integrate, and fund health services at the local level. LHINs are intended to be an important part of the evolution of health care in Ontario from a collection of services that is uncoordinated to an integrated system (Ontario Government, 2006). These services include hospitals, community care centers, long-term care, and home care, among others in certain geographic regions. LHINs in Ontario will be serving between 250,000 and 1.5 million patients who will also be able to obtain health care services outside of their specific LHIN area (Lewis, 2005). The rationale for LHINs is that a particular community's health needs are best known by a person who knows the community (Ontario Government, 2006)."
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"When Two Worlds Met", 2007.
A review of Arthur Ray's "When Two Worlds Met," part of the opening chapter of "The Illustrated History of Canada", edited by Craig Brown.
1,439 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper examines Arthur Ray's text "When Two Worlds Met" and shows how it is illuminating in that it challenges many preconceived notions about the relationship between Aboriginals and Europeans in early Canadian history. The paper highlights the main impression of Ray's text that without the participation and contribution of the Aboriginal populations to the fur trade, the country that we know today as Canada would simply not exist.
From the Paper
"It should be noted that given its purpose as a general history text, oriented more towards the descriptive presentation of historical information rather than the arguing of a particular contention or scholarly thesis, this work is not thesis-driven as such. This being said, it may be argued that Ray's objective in the text is to depict the complexity of the contacts between Aboriginals and Europeans in early Canadian history. Indeed, perhaps the most striking feature of Ray's work is how his work challenges many preconceived notions with regard to the relationship between Aboriginals and Europeans in early Canadian history."
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Canada's Development Policy, 2007.
This paper provides a critical commentary of Canada's International Policy Statement on Development (2005).
2,345 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines Canada's International Policy Statement on Development (CIPSD 2005) while making reference to a range of scholarly materials from the field of development. The writer also refers to specific commentaries upon the document from organizations with specific interests in the drafting and implementation of development policy. The paper argues that the document is notably lacking in specifics with regard to issues such as timetables for aid delivery to meet targeted goals; determination of who Canada's partners should be; how to specifically balance security and development concerns and how development funds should be distributed. In these key areas as well as others, this paper critiques the CIPSD (2005) and presents reasoned recommendations with regard to policy design and implementation.
Outline:
Introduction
A Lack of Precision
Who Should Canada's Partners Be?
Balancing Security and Development
The Distribution of Funds
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, the Canadian Partnership Programs assume only about 10% of CIDAs budget. Given the small size of this figure, there is clearly some room for this percentage to increase; especially if - as recommended above - the government makes a realistic commitment to actually meet Canada's long-term 0.07 ODA target. This being said, it may be recommended that the partnerships which will receive this funding be determined on the by representatives from the civil society (NGOs), the public sector (bureaucracy), and the private sector (business). This trilateral model would allow the strengths and weakness of the various groups to complement each other; combining the institutional memory of the bureaucracy, with the focus on the "bottom line" of business, and the commitment to progressive development of civil society. This balance would, it may be argued, help to ensure that no one ideological perspective assumed exclusive preeminence over Canadian development policy."
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Elite Power in Canada, 2007.
An analysis of the views of J. Brownlee in "Ruling Canada: Corporate Cohesion and Democracy".
962 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the book, "Ruling Canada: Corporate Cohesion and Democracy," written by J. Brownlee. The paper discusses Brownlee's observations that Canada has been in a state of decline in recent decades. It describes, according to the book, the elite power and dominance in Canada and how this affects the economic and political order of the country.
From the Paper
"The unity of elites was dramatically demonstrated in a corporate offensive that was reflected in the early stages of globalization. Globalization refers to the reaction by corporate leaders to reduced profits, slowed economic growth, and government regulation who "attempted to mobilize their collective resources to increase their power and control over the global economic system". At that time, such changes as advances in telecommunications and financial deregulation provided economic elites with enhanced power. The elites gained sufficient power to be able to launch an attack on the state and the nature of democracy. Associated with globalization was a complex process of economic and political restructuring, which became known as neoliberalism. Neoliberalism "incorporates a range of elite policy imperatives such as trade liberalization, privatization of publicly owned enterprises, deregulation, emphasis on deficit and/or debt reduction and business-friendly tax reform"."
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The Fur Trade in Early Canadian History, 2007.
An analysis of the impact that the fur trade had in defining the social, political and economic order of early Canada, with particular reference to the Native Canadians.
3,839 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the economic history of the fur trade in early Canada with particular reference to the Native Canadian peoples of the time. It argues that this fur trade profoundly reshaped the social and economic order of Native Canadian societies to an even greater degree than it shaped the economic relations of European settlement in early Canada. It then shows how the trade defined the social, political and economic order of early Canada in a manner profoundly different from that of the early United States.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Fur Trade and Early European-Indian Contacts
The European and Native Canadian Struggle for Control
The Impact of the Fur Trade on Indian-European Attitudes
Points of Contact: The Fur Trade and Inter-Racial Marriage
Later Developments
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In conclusion, it is clear that the fur trade played an enormous role in the early history of Canada. The economics of this trade not only provided the impetus for more enduring European contacts with Aboriginals, but also gave both sides good reason to maintain friendly relations for the sake of self-interest. It was the cycle of these trading relationships that led to Canadian traders to move further into the heart of the Continent in an effort to bypass their often sophisticated Indian trading partners. While such moves proved to be invariably in vain, they did support European settlement and expansion in comparatively peaceful interactions with the region's aboriginal populations. From this perspective, it may be said with little or no exaggeration that the economics of the fur trade defined the relations between Europeans and Canadian Indians and, in the long term, the fundamental characteristics of Canada today."
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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Teaching Canadian History, 2007.
The paper looks at the Jack Granatstein's "Who Killed Canadian History?", which discusses how Canadian history should be taught in Canadian schools.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Jack Granatstein's "Who Killed Canadian History?" where he claims that the history of Canada has been seriously damaged by the practice of studying differences rather than commonalities. The paper asserts that Granatstein fails to appreciate that there is ample room for group and particularist histories that do not fit easily within an over-arching historical narrative. The paper maintains that Granatstein fails to recognize that Canadians, living in an evermore diverse society, need to have an ever-expanding and ever-diversifying view of history too.
From the Paper
"In fairness to Jack Granatstein, there are various problems afflicting public memory in Canada - or at least there were in 1998 when his tome was released. For instance, one online source notes that a 1997 Angus Reid poll found only one-third of Canadians knew that Remembrance Day commemorates the end of World War One whereas a scant five percent knew that the Upper and Lower Canada rebellions took place in 1837. More unsettling, given its political relevance today, only 10 percent of Canadians between the ages of 18 and 24 who were contacted by pollsters knew what the Quiet Revolution was all about and 17 percent of respondents - nearly one out of every five - inexplicably claimed Tennessee Williams and Andy Warhol were Canadian. To this melange of error and misunderstanding could be added numerous other instances drawn from the same survey. The end result of all of this, in the view of Dr. Granatstein, will be - may already be fast becoming - disaster."
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Same-Sex Marriage, 2007.
An argument in favor of Bill C-38, which legalizes same-sex marriage in Canada.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversy in Canada over whether same-sex marriage should be allowed. It analyzes the controversial bill called Bill C-38 that legalized same-sex marriage and discusses why the issue remains controversial. The paper argues that same-sex marriage should continue to be legal in Canada, because only in this way can all Canadians continue to enjoy equal rights.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, we have seen that if we argue against same-sex marriage, then we are in fact saying that we believe that it is acceptable to treat some adults as if they are inferior citizens. As we know, this is not acceptable in Canada, where everyone is protected by the Charter of Civil Rights. Secondly, if we do not care about equal rights for gays and lesbians, then at least we should care about equal rights for their children. Children should not be punished for the lifestyles of their parents. Finally, it is unfair to deny marriage to same-sex couples because it denies them access to a range of legal benefits that are only available to married couples. Therefore, this is another reason that same-sex marriage should remain legal - for the sake of the children."
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