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The Airline Industry, 2006.
This paper provides an examination of economies of scale and scope in the airline industry.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses economies of scale and scope with regards to the airline industry. The writer claims that more so than in any other industry, economies of scale and scope are vital to the health and well being of the airline industry. The writer explains that economies of scale ensure that organizations are able to increase output while minimizing increases in cost. The writer discusses tactics and techniques for achieving and maintaining economies of scale and scope. Specific attention is also given to the future of the airline industry with a special focus on British Airways and their achievement, with respect to economies of scale and scope over time.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Economies of Scale and Scope
Tactics Businesses Use to Compete to Win in Business or Survive
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Economies of scale are often considered the lifeline of an organization, particularly large multinational organizations like those involved in the airline industry. Economies of scale are nothing more than an economic "property of production" that explains what happens to cost when an entity increases the quantity of input by a predetermined amount. If costs increases with increasing quantity of input then economies of scale are not created; if costs however increase more than quantity of input diseconomies are created whereas economies of scale are created when cost increases less than quantity of input factors, suggesting an organization is making positive gains."
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Canadian Space Technology, 2006.
This paper discusses extensively Canada's involvement in space operations and its problematic future.
3,250 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada's tryst with a space program began during WWII as part of the defense science operations undertaken with the U.S. and U.K.; however, the Canadian space program program was transferred from military to civilian control. The author points out that the launching of the Alouette-1 research satellite put Canada as the third nation following Russia and the US to design and build its own satellite, and Canada became a world leader in space robotics with the Canadarm which is a remote manipulator system. The paper relates that Canadian citizens are being promised that its governments would not sign any agreement to collaborate on Star Wars if there is any indication that it has been designed for purposes other than defense. The paper states that, however, the Canadian government inches closer towards participation because weaponization of the space will be one of the biggest industrial projects in the history of the planet.
Table of Contents
The Canadian Military's Involvement in Space Operations to Date
What Should be Canada's Role in Space Power and Space Operations?
Should Canada Support the Space Defense Initiative and the Weaponization of Space and Why?
From the Paper
"Canada is likely to pay a political price, if its tries to ignore NMD. Transcending missile defense in general and NMD in particular, a lot of other concerns are surfacing that re unable to be managed by the archaic Cold War policy parameters. The most crucial among them is the budding issue of space control. Extended periods of Canadian policy of opposition of the weaponization of the outer space has been politically feasible under the deterrence conditions of the Cold War. This opposition did not come at a price, since neither the U.S. nor the erstwhile Soviet Union had the strategic need, the technology potential to weaponize."
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The Survival of American Airlines, 2006.
A look at the steps American Airlines will have to take in order to survive.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a brief look at what characterizes American Airlines and the tactics they will have to employ if they hope to survive their current economic situation. This paper also takes a look at the reluctance of Americans to fly as a result of 9/11 and other terror attacks.
From the Paper
"The airline industry is characterized by very complex pricing dynamics, depending on travel distance, type of traveler, and domestic and international flights, to name a few of the many factors that determine the degree of price elasticity or inelasticity (Air travel demand elasticities: Concepts, issues and measurement). For long-haul international business travel, demand is not sensitive to fare changes because there are few close substitutes. On the other hand, long-haul domestic business travelers have much higher elasticities than international business travelers. Telecommunications has become more acceptable as a substitute in domestic markets due to common culture, laws, contracts, etc. Likewise, international leisure travelers have greater elasticity than do international business travelers. These consumers are more likely to either postpone their trips in response to higher fares or seek locations that are not as expensive. "
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Counter-Terrorism, 2006.
This paper describes the counter-terrorism measures that have been instituted since 9/11.
2,145 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the many security measures that have been instituted in the aftermath of 9/11 attacks, mainly in the area of aviation. The paper describes all the legislation enacted regarding airline security and shows the deficiencies that have been highlighted by each hijacking or bombing attempt. The author brings criticism of security standards and shows how after each security failure the security establishments improve their regulations. The paper explains the public's response to strict and often time consuming regulations and shows that when a tragedy is relatively recent, the public are accepting about often disruptive measures.
From the Paper
"Terrorism takes up a good deal of our foreign policy apparatus today, not only in dealing directly with terrorist threats but with the need to develop and implement measure for counter-terrorism. Such programs are also much in view domestically through actions by the Homeland Security Agency and other government agencies dedicated to protecting the citizenry. This emphasis has been strong since 9-11, widely perceived to have been not only a terrorist attack but an example of the failure of counter-terrorist measures at the time. Since then, a number of security measures have been instituted, some meeting more resistance than others, and some more successful than others. Given the nature of the 9-11 attacks, which involved the hijacking of three commercial airliners and their use as weapons, it is natural that airline security be one of the first orders of business. Most flyers report that they feel safer now as a result, but they also note the degree to which many of these measures are disruptive, time-consuming, and in some cases misdirected."
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Ethics in Southwest Airlines, 2005.
This in-depth paper profiles the corporate and business practices of Southwest Airlines while primarily focusing on the company's approach to business ethics.
7,288 words (approx. 29.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 115.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the on-going success of Southwest Airlines which continues to remain a leader in the industry during an era when more and more airlines are facing closure and bankruptcy. This paper delves into the numerous crises faced by Southwest Airlines which the company has successfully managed to weather. The writer delves into the history of the company which began in 1971 with only three aircrafts while also discussing the company's primary goals and vision. This well-researched paper analyzes the business ethics and corporate structure of Southwest which states that their employees are hardworking, dedicated and highly motivated and a significant contributing factor to the company's overall success. This paper also contains the results of published studies as well as statistics and data relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
An Overview of the Business Ethics of Southwest Airlines
How Southwest Airlines Handles the Various Crises
The Ethical Responsibility of Southwest Today and for the Future
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Donna Conover, the executive Vice President of Customer services, states that ever since she joined the company, more than twenty eight years back, she had always felt that the employees of the company were the greatest assets for the firm, and perhaps it is because of the policy that the company follows, which is that of never ever dictating pay cuts to its employees, that it has managed to keep all its employees happy and satisfied, and working hard at all times. This was seen in the fact that employees by themselves, during the Gulf War of the 1990's, when fuel costs skyrocketed, voluntarily reduced their pay for some time in order to cope with the escalating costs of fuel. In a similar manner, after the debacle of September 11, Southwest Airlines employees volunteered to take cut costs on their wages, so that the company may be able to cope better with its reductions in flying schedules. This type of loyalty for the company has as yet been unrivalled."
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Commercial Aviation, 2005.
This paper is an extensive exploration of the literature to identify cost-effective initiatives which can be used by the commercial aviation industry to help promote customer satisfaction.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the critical review of refereed and scholarly literature indicated that, in an effort to remain profitable, many airlines have engaged in an almost continuous process of mergers, divestitures and international joint ventures and partnerships. However, in spite of these approaches, all airlines have been affected to some extent by ever-increasing costs, globalization and the state of commercial air travel. The author points out that the research showed that, because of their sheer size, some air carriers such as American Airlines, have attempted to achieve their profitability goals through downsizing and outsourcing important components of their operations to third-party providers; however, other carriers, such as Delta and Southwest, have managed to persevere their employee relations and customer satisfaction initiatives, which have tended to more than offset the expenses involved. The paper recommends that the nation's air carriers should assume urgently developing programs, which will provide their customers with services that match their expectations instead of ignoring customer satisfaction in favor of their short-term profitability, and the bottom-line will likely take care of itself.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of Relevant Literature and Research
Background and Overview
Security Issues and Passenger Satisfaction.
Industry Responses to Customer Satisfaction Issues.
Research Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The authors add that the fifth gap is related to the size and direction of the first four gaps, and that it should be to narrow these gaps to the maximum extent possible; however, quality service is not delivered by aircraft or tarmacs or terminals, but rather by people (employees) to people (customers). Therefore, the human resource function has a critical role to play in satisfying the expectations of shareholders, employees, and customers alike. For airlines today, the human resource function can contribute to improved economic performance by building organizational capabilities, improving employee satisfaction, and improving customer satisfaction "
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Aircraft Accidents, 2006.
A review of a 2001 study regarding the factors that contribute to aircraft accidents.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explores a 2001 study of aircraft accident indicators, including pilot age, gender, education, flying experience, previous accident involvement and attitudes toward flying. The paper examines the study's methodology and findings in each of these areas before focusing on the role of the pilot's personality on airplane crashes. The paper shows how research indicates that personality is involved in decisions to stick to a flight plan regardless of weather, or abandon it in. The paper also examines whether gain (personal safety) or loss (money, time) is instrumental in those situations and concludes that these decisions do not disprove the function of personality, but rather reinforce it -- especially in light of the equivocal results of simulation experiments designed to test the hypothesis that it is the gain/loss continuum alone that determines whether a pilot will continue or abandon a flight plan in the presence of adverse weather information.
From the Paper
"Hunter used data obtained in a national survey of pilots c completed in 1994 with the purpose of examining the validity of measure for predicting accidents and those that occurred after. Hunter used those finding to address two issues: "the relationships among the various measures and accident involvement" (Hunger, 2001, p. 509+). The population Hunter had at his disposal was significant; 561,485 active pilots (those who had been issued a valid airman medical certificate in the preceding 25 months) were used to draw 19,657 participants representing a cross-section of private, commercial and airline transport certificate holders. Those participants then filled out an extensive questionnaire, and, while it was not a personality inventory per se, it did contain 27 questions concerning attitudes about flying."
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Aircraft Accidents, 2006.
An analysis of the causes of aircraft failure due to component failure.
2,094 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper firstly discusses the most important component that fails in a reciprocating engine, the human component. It investigates an accident of a big aircraft, Lockheed Super Constellation, in order to qualify this opinion. The paper then examines the Cessna as an example of engine problems as a cause of aircraft accidents. The author stresses that it is the pilot error that causes 95 percent of the accidents for reciprocating engine aircraft.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Now let us look at the causes of accidents from an engine point of view. Both turbine engines and reciprocating engines process air in the same manner and that means that they both have intake, compression, combustion and exhaust. In the reciprocating engine one step has to follow the other and in the turbine engine all the processes proceed all at the same time and without any interruption. The other difference is that in the turbine engine there are separate components decided for the particular operation of the cycle, while in the reciprocating engine, all the functions take place in the same combustion chamber. The design of each engine gives certain benefits and advantages, and when the issue is considered from thermal efficiency, reciprocating engines are easily more efficient. They have a complex design, but the engine has had a longer period to be developed and perfected. The general view is that turbine engines have simplicity of motion and this has given a reputation for being more reliable, though it burns more fuel than a reciprocating engine."
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Turbine Engine Accidents Caused by Foreign Objects, 2006.
This essay details the damage that can result from foreign objects coming into contact with turbine engines.
1,764 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The author concentrates on a number of incidents where accidents occurred when a foreign body collided with a turbine engine. These incidents are studied in detail to determine the precise cause of them, with the author concluding that even with investigation the causes can still remain unclear. Rules have been instituted to prevent such accidents, but there is a way to go in determining the problems accurately.
From the Paper
"The failure of the number 2 engine was due to the slow release of one blade from within its setting in the first stage high pressure compressor disk. This is what led to the fire in the titanium metal within the compressor assembly. For the final break up of the blade from the compressor disc was a result of the cracking and consequent failure of the root corners of the blade. There was a large extent of damage to the dovetail root surfaces of even the blades which were retained. This suggests that fatigue cracking mechanism was initiated due to the stresses that came from uneven dovetail root bedding. Further evidence is established from the engine manufacturer through the initiation of blade dovetail root cracking. (Accident and Incident Reports- Detail: Occurrence Brief) Here again study showed that turbine engine failure was not due to the impact of foreign objects."
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Safety Guidelines in the Airline Industry, 2005.
The goal of this well-researched paper is to stress the importance of recognizing and removing potential safety hazards in both the airline industry and the military.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper details the standard safety guidelines that must be followed by both the airline industry and the military, as set forth by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The writer examines the goals of OSHA and the FAA which is to ensure the safety and well-being of America's workers by regulating and enforcing specific standards, providing training and education while also encouraging constant improvements of safety standards in the workplace. This paper discusses the various areas of employment in the aviation industry including baggage handlers, forklift drivers and general ground crews. This paper also details the types of safety and health risks in the industry which include: Dangerous carbon dioxide levels, electrocution, vehicle injuries, ramp operation incidents as well as disruptive passengers. This paper discusses an incident in which two general ground workers died due to carbon monoxide poisoning, while refueling their vehicles. This paper also examines the various differences in the safety guidelines between the military and the airline industry as well as the logic behind the differences.
From the Paper
"Baggage handling can cause back injuries. Many times employees lift heavy baggage, which can eventually take its toll on airline workers. In addition, electrocution can occur on the flight line. For example, one man got electrocuted while he repaired airport runway lights. He was a 54-year old certified electrician of an electrical contracting company. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), SARS is a viral respiratory illness caused by a corona virus, called SARS-associated corona virus (SARS-CoV). SARS was first reported in Asia in 2003. Over the next few months the illness spread to more than two dozen countries in North America, South America, Europe and Asia, before the SARS global outbreak of 2003 was contained (CDC, 2005). This disease is important for airline employees to become aware of and to learn proper safety measures to assist in avoiding such a disease from occurring, as it can be fatal."
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Aviation Fatigue, 2005.
This paper is an extensive literature review of research tests and experiments relating to the relationship of physical and psychological fatigue and aviation accidents.
4,525 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, £ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that fatigue is a factor that is being increasingly seen as a threat and a problem in the aviation industry and the Air Force. It has been estimated that problems caused by fatigue costs American industry more than $18 billion a year in terms of lost productivity. The author points out that fatigue is characterized by (1) a decreased capacity for work, known as work decrement; (2) modifications in the physiological state of the individual; and (3) a feeling of weariness, which may be accompanied by irritability, anxiety, excessive worry and a disturbed emotional state. The paper relates that reports indicate that fatigue, as a result of sleep deprivation, is not always a critical factor and that there are various factors that are interrelated and can effect the assessments of fatigue of aviation issues. Many quotations. Graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Researchers also point out that the varying results obtained from studies are related to and dependent on the type of experiments and the situations in which the testing takes place. They note that the best data and sources of information on the true effects of fatigue are often taken from actual combat situations and conditions; while many state that the results from simulations and laboratory experiments do not produce an accurate picture of the reality of fatigue and fatigue-induced errors in aviation."
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Airline Industry Cost Analysis, 2006.
This paper examines the growing difficulties facing established airlines in competing against the newer, low-priced carriers.
814 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the cost dynamics within the airline industry. The writer of this paper discusses the fixed costs within the industry which are significantly higher for established airlines, as compared to those of the newer, low-cost carriers. This paper also delves into the variable costs associated primarily with increased capacity and the number of passengers served. The writer of this paper contends and explains why the only way for any airline to survive and grow is to offer lower prices to gain new customers, thereby grabbing the market share from its competitors. This paper also examines why established airlines can no longer continue business as usual and must employ new methods and strategies to successfully compete. To lower prices the established airlines are spreading their flights out instead of concentrating them in banks thus lengthening layovers, resulting in less satisfied customers and less services offered, albeit at a lower cost.
From the Paper
"Today, the only way for any airline to grow is to use low prices to attract new passengers and to take market share from competitors. Profit is dependent on revenue growth exceeding price decline and profit margin growth is dependent on the ability of airlines to increase the percentage of seats they fill on each flight and to continually cut costs. But, it's difficult to increase the percentage of seats given excess supply and price pressures, so operational efficiency will hold the key to success. As a result, a shakeout of airlines is occurring in the U.S. and elsewhere (Airline). United and USAirways have declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and Delta and American have barely avoided it in 2003 and 2004. International airlines such as Alitalia, Scandinavian Airlines System, British Airways, SABENA, Japan Air System, Air Canada, Ansett Australian , and others have flirted with or declared bankruptcy since 2000, as low-cost entrants expand overseas."
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The Aviation Industry and the Environment, 2006.
This well-researched paper focuses on the associated environmental concerns, which have become increasingly dominant throughout the airline industry.
2,516 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the ongoing debates regarding the effects of fossil fuel emissions on the environment. This paper focuses on the role of the airline industry, which is a major contributor to this growing problem. This paper details the cause and effects of CO2 and NOx emissions, derived from the aviation industry and its resulting impact on the environment. This paper provides relevant insight into various aspects of the aviation industry, including the individual companies, aircraft manufacturers and ground support industries. This paper details the findings of the 2003 Rolls Royce environmental report, which stressed the need for immediate changes in the industry. The report emphasized the need to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This paper discusses what measures have been taken by carriers and manufacturers to control emission levels and reduce pollution. This paper delves into the business practices of various companies, including JetBlue, which currently utilizes some of the most fuel efficient aircrafts available. This paper examines and details the new breakthrough technologies, that are proven successful in substantially reducing air pollution levels. This paper also contains an illustrative graph, citing toxic emission levels, relevant to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fossil Fuels and Efficiency
Aviation and the Ozone Layer and Acid Rain
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Another area for improvement in regard to fuel efficiency and reduced pollution in the aviation industry comes down to how carriers use airports for landing, loading and getting the plains back in the air. "Large airlines use a hub-and-spoke model in which flights are clustered around peak flying times at a few major airports. Low-cost carriers, such as Southwest Airlines, JetBlue Airways and AirTran Airways, do not use hub airports. Instead, they fly "point-to-point," which means they adjust their schedules and routes frequently to keep airplanes flying longer with the maximum number of passengers. The hub-and-spoke model is the most convenient for passengers, but the "point-to-point" system can bring in the most money on shorter routes. The hub and spoke model used by the major airlines for example has been the industry standard for many years because of the advantage of providing a broad geographic umbrella."
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Modes of Transportation, 2005.
Examines how transportation has evolved to suit the 'here-and-now' requirements of the century.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
America has evolved into a highly competitive technologically advanced globalized business society, where trade and the modes of transporting our goods has become a very critical part of our business sector to grow and profit. From the perspective of the consumer, we have become extremely dependent on the fact that our goods should and will be in stores or delivered to our doors in a timely, safe and consistent manner. There are also tons of garbage and hazardous materials that have to be relocated and shipped away from our urban cities and suburban homes in order to maintain a healthy environment. With these issues being taken into consideration, this report therefore analyzes modes of transportation available for shipping goods. These modes include (but are not limited to) trucks, trains, ships, airplanes and non-moving entities such as pipelines. The report presents some insights into how, why and when each of these methods can be utilized and which stage or channel of distribution is required to use these methods of transportation. In addition, the paper also focuses on some of the estimated costs, quantity limits, and shipping times that can be involved when using some of these modes.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Inbound and Outbound Logistics
Containerization
Airplanes
Trucks
Ships
Pipelines
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"On-board computers for example are helping mandate planning processes which in turn lead to fewer accidents and increased efficiency. Toll stations allow trucks to pass without slowing and automatically charge the toll to electronic accounts and license plates can be electronically monitored. Trucking has a fairly high equipment cost per unit of weight carried but very low facility costs such as parking and loading docks and right-of-way costs are moderate because they are maintained by the generally public and taxes."
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