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Army Aviation Accidents, 2009.
A research proposal to explore the implications of aviation resource management survey (ARMS) inspections on military aviation accident rates.
9,869 words (approx. 39.5 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 126.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the purpose of the research is to ascertain the effects of aviation resource management survey (ARMS) inspections on aviation accident rates in the U.S. army. The paper presents the hypothesis that ARMS inspections decrease Army aviation accidents and proposes to look into the United States Army Europe and Seventh Army (USAREUR) aviation accident statistics over a four-year period. The paper provides an extensive literature review and outlines the exact research methodology to be utilized.
Outline:
Abstract
Chapter One - Introduction
Chapter Two - Review of Literature
Chapter Three - Methodology
From the Paper
"United States Army aviation resources are an expensive, finite product in the budget of the United States government. The numbers of helicopters required in war fighting deployments have a direct impact in peacekeeping missions and waging war in global conflicts. The loss of United States Army helicopters directly impact the mission, capability, and accomplishment of Army aviation in deployments and support missions to ground forces. The expenditure of these valuable assets, to include loss of life, directly impact the strategy of the United States Army. If present aviation accident trends continue, coupled with combat losses, the expectation of over one billion dollars in United States Army aviation accidents, Class A through C, will become a reality. This downward spiral in aviation accidents must be stopped."
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Aircraft Safety Design, 2009.
Presents a literature review of new and standard safety measures being implemented for commercial aircraft.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper is a literature review on studies that have been done on standard safety measures in commercial aircraft. The paper also discusses new and revolutionary measures that have been researched and added on to pre-existing safety equipments, such as seatbelts, to ensure optimal safety measures.
From the Paper
"Aircraft safety has become increasingly important during the last few decades. An increase in commercial flight accidents have for example also brought to light the need for better aircraft safety measures. For this reason, several studies have been conducted, with the result of new safety measures being implemented for commercial aircraft. Standard safety measures such as seatbelts and structure have been supplemented by revolutionary measures to ensure the safety of passengers and crew alike."
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Airlines and Rising Fuel Prices, 2009.
An in-depth analysis of the impact of high fuel costs on the aviation industry.
4,106 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that since airlines are heavily dependent upon fuel for its continuing operations, they have been heavily burdened by rising fuel prices. The paper then looks at airlines' cost-cutting measures such as laying of thousands of workers and delaying or eliminating long-distance flights and relates that the general aviation industry has also suffered. Next, the paper overviews the solutions that revolve around alternative lead-free fuel. The paper concludes that while the market is extremely unstable at the moment, it is nonetheless possible that the crisis can be averted when officials work together to find viable solutions.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Commercial Aviation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rising costs of fuel has become the main conversation point of motorists throughout the world. For perhaps the first time in world history, the food and fuel crises have become worldwide phenomena, with only an investment in alternative fuel sources appearing to be a valid long-term response. The aviation industry is no exception, and indeed appears to be one of the hardest hit industries in terms of fuel. Both commercial and private airlines need a large amount of fuel in order to complete their long- and short-distance flights. The rising fuel costs have resulted in a number of strategies to mitigate the extra investment required. Some commercial airlines have even reduced their long-distance flights in order to save fuel, while others have increased their ticket costs. The reality is that fuel prices are likely to continue their upward trend as the world's oil resources are increasingly pressured."
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Crew Resource Management (CRM), 2009.
An exploration of the function of crew resource management (CRM) in the cockpit environment.
1,302 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper focuses on situation awareness, communication skills, teamwork, task allocation and decision-making based upon a comprehensive knowledge of standard operating procedures upon which crew resource management (CRM) is based. The paper points out that, because of the human factor in flying, CRM training often includes error management too. The paper therefore shows how crew resource management implies a non-judgmental environment in the cockpit that eliminates clashes of ego that are based on power hierarchies.
From the Paper
"Crew resource management reflects basic principles of human communications but applied directly within the unique cockpit environment. Cockpit mismanagement and conflict are major culprits in aviation accidents: "failures of interpersonal communications, decision making, and leadership" are responsible for most errors (Helmreich, Merritt, & Wilhelm 1999). Interpersonal strife, miscommunication, and errors in judgment are some of the areas crew resource management can address. A National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) workshop introduced the importance of crew resource management (CRM) in 1979 and since then CRM has helped avert a "significant" number of aviation accidents (American Psychological Association, 2004). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA 2004) calls CRM an "integral part of training and operations.""
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The Airline Industry, 2009.
An evaluation of the economic environment of the airline industry.
2,026 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper explain why the economic environment of the airline industry is a difficult one in which to operate. The paper examines the elasticity of supply and demand in the airline industry, the positive and negative externalities that affect the airline industry, how the government affects the industry through monetary and fiscal policy and wage inequality in the industry. The paper points out, however, that despite the difficult economics of the industry, new competitors consistently enter the field in the hopes of carving out some of the profits that can be had during economic upswings.
Outline:
Introduction
Elasticity of Supply & Demand
Impact of Externalities
Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Wage Inequality
From the Paper
"The economic environment of the airline industry is a difficult one in which to operate. The industry is faced with stiff competition, high fixed costs, low differentiation, easy availability of substitutes and low cost of switching. As a result, few airlines are able to maintain consistent profitability.
"Airlines are typically highly-leveraged. This makes them very sensitive to externalities. They tend to see cyclical profitability. In times when externalities are generally positive, they make healthy profits; in times where externalities are generally negative, most airlines will lose money."
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The Wright Brothers' Struggles, 2009.
This paper takes a look at the challenges the Wright brothers overcame in their invention of air travel.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how public perception, proper construction, patent approval and financial backing presented serious obstacles that threatened the Wright brothers' first manned flying machine. The writer posits that the brothers should be remembered for their tenacity and determination. The writer believes that their difficulties should remind us that nothing good comes without challenges.
From the Paper
"Life is full of challenges and opportunities. While we enjoy the fruits of inventions, we rarely see what goes on during the invention process. Countless hurdles are overcome and many prototypes make their way to the garbage bin before success is achieved. The story of manned flight is no different. Public perception, proper construction, patent approval, and financial backing were major obstacles that threatened the first manned flying machine. Wilbur and Orville Wright faced numerous hurdles that seemed impossible but they did not let challenges or failure deter them. Their efforts allow us to enjoy one of the greatest inventions in the world and we can appreciate it fully when we understand the struggle behind the success. Although air travel is taken granted today, the early days of flight were a major struggle for the Wright brothers."
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Aviation Security Pre and Post 9/11, 2009.
A research study into the threat of a terrorist activity from an aviation standpoint and how aviation security has changed since September 11, 2001.
10,263 words (approx. 41.1 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a research analysis into aviation security pre and post 9/11. It examines the threat of terrorist activity from an aviation standpoint and looks at the ease with which terrorism can occur in the aviation industry. The paper suggests that aviation security is something that has not yet been accepted enough to ensure that a high percentage of individuals actually take their security jobs seriously. The paper also looks at possible solutions to the problem.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One - Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale for the Study
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Chapter Three - Methodology
Research Design
Population and Sample
Collection and Tabulation of Data
Data Analysis Procedure
Limitations of the Study
Chapter Four - Data Analysis
Chapter Five - Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is impossible for many to understand how critics can say that freedom had nothing to do with the terrorist attacks when the evidence so clearly shows that it did. It has been over six years since the terrorist attacks, and many Americans no longer live in fear. This is important, because life is not much if one is constantly afraid. However, many Americans have gone back to feeling that they are safe again. They do not take much interest in the government's suggested safety kit for terrorism. Some do not do it because they do not think it will do any good anyway, but others do not do it because they do not feel it will ever be necessary. One can only hope that they are correct, but it seems as though once again they believe that living in America protects them from harm. It is sad to see how quickly they have forgotten the lessons that they learned on September 11th."
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Air Canada, 2009.
Discusses the factors that led to the Air Canada 797 aviation accident and the resultant changes in air safety regulations.
2,161 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the June 2, 1983 accident of Air Canada flight 797, in which 23 passengers died as a result of a fire soon after the plane made an emergency landing at the Cincinnati airport. The paper notes that this is considered to be one of the most significant disasters in aviation history as it led to important changes in fire safety design and procedures for passenger aircrafts. The paper gives an overview of what happened that led up to the emergency landing and the survival factors, as well as the National Transport Safety Board (NTSB) recommendations that resulted.
Outline:
Events Leading to the Emergency Landing
Survivability Factors
NTSB Recommendations
From the Paper
"Inside the Airplane during Descent: As the airplane descended, the smoke rapidly spread along the passenger cabin and entered the cockpit. The captain wore smoke goggles and his oxygen regulator during the descent and had no difficulty in breathing but he did experience difficulty in seeing the instruments due to the smoke-filled cockpit. During the descent, Flight 797 encountered clouds from FL 250 to about 3000 feet and the captain descended to 2000 feet to obtain VFR conditions."
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Aviation Safety Action Programs (ASAP), 2009.
Looks at the aviation safety action programs (ASAP) of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight attendants.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the implemention of the aviation safety action programs (ASAP) recommended by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight attendants and other aviation employees is vital in optimizing aviation safety. The plan is an encouraging rather than a threatening program, which focuses on improvement rather than liability. The author points out that the flight attendants themselves have reacted positively to these programs. The paper highlights that, in addition to safety benefits, the ASAP for flight attendants has revealed shortcomings in vital areas of training, has built employee-management trust, and has provided a connection between policy and procedure for flight attendants.
From the Paper
"Indeed, according to reports, the implementation of ASAPs have resulted in greater employee compliance with written rules and regulations, as employees are more aware of how these connect with the mechanism of aviation safety. As such, employees experience a greater understanding of the complicated business of aviation, as well as how each individual's duties contribute to its smooth operation. This is particularly so in the case of flight attendants. Submitted reports are circulated to flight attendants, some of whom specifically benefit from them."
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Voluntary Reporting Systems - ASRS, 2009.
An examination of the purpose and effectiveness of the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) in supporting the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
2,148 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses voluntary reporting systems for the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration). It focuses on the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) which was primarily intended for supporting the mission of FAA in eliminating unsafe conditions and preventing avoidable accidents in the national aviation system. The paper specifically discusses the effectiveness with which the data is collected and stored by a program like ASRS and the potency of the feedback loop, of the reporting system, to the industry and the reporters to whom its serves.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview of Voluntary Reporting Systems
Exhibit 1
From the Paper
"A major aspect which contributes to the success of ASRS has been the participation of the complete aviation stakeholders' community in the structure of an Advisory Committee of the industry. The Committee offers its aviation expertise, criticism, guidance and advocacy. Semiannual meetings are held by NASA along with the Committee for reviewing the programmatic changes and proposed policies before they are implemented. In effect it can be seen that incident reporting systems which are confidential like the one based on the model of ASRS is not a foolproof method for acquiring data; they are exposed to the fears and biases of the humans. Although voluntary incident reports are treated as a representative model of the events that they describe, it cannot be considered to be so. However, since many years the ASRS model has demonstrated that if the users of the system are confident about reporting problems of safety encountered by them to a program in which they have faith in, the goals of safety would be attained much quicker than if the incidents were not reported by the volunteers. ("ASRS: The Case for Confidential Incident Reporting Systems", n. d.)"
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Air Accident Investigations, 2009.
A research paper looking at the airline operating conditions that may affect aircraft damage severity.
15,481 words (approx. 61.9 pages), 0 sources, APA, £ 157.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relevant literature concerning air accidents and their investigation in order to identify current issues, problems and trends that need further investigation. The paper examines the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning aviation safety in general, and air accident investigations in particular. The paper further examines the quantitative analysis of the causes and incidence of various types of aircraft accidents and a recapitulation of recent media reports concerning the same. The paper concludes with a summary of the research and salient findings and recommendations. The paper contains graphs and tables.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Methodology of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The research showed that during the period from 1983 and 2002, there were 74 aviation accidents categorized as "major," 39 aviation accidents categorized as "serious," 267 aviation accidents with injuries, and 275 aviation accidents with damage reported. On the positive side, the number of fatalities per 100,000 hours of flight time during the period 1994 through 2003 decreased somewhat, from a high in 1994 of about 3.35 to a low of 2.2 in 1999; however, there has been a slight increase since that time with an upward trend developing since 2000 to 2003 to a rate of about 2.45 per 100,000 hours of flight time. The causes for aviation fatalities over the past 50 years have included pilot error (weather- and mechanical-related), human error, weather, mechanical failure and sabotage, as well as causes listed as "other." In addition, during the period from 1994 to 2003, the different type of operation that have contributed to aviation fatalities are led by personal and business flights (by far), followed by corporate/executive operations, aerial applications and flight instruction."
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Trends in the Airline Industry, 2009.
A analysis on the trends in the airline industry and their effects.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the trends in the airline industry and their effects on the airline business. The author explains how rising fuel costs can lead to higher fees for extra baggage weight, elimination of fuel-inefficient planes and possibly reduced job benefits for airline personnel. The paper also analyzes how there will be a rise of irate travelers due to stricter security checks. The author also adds that the reduction of on-flight meals and entertainment to combat rising fuel costs will also add to customer dissatisfaction
Outline:
Trend 1: Rising Fuel Costs
Trend 2: More Irate Customers
From the Paper
"Fuel costs can now consume 40 percent or more of airline carriers' revenue on many routes. To cope with heightened fuel costs, airlines have had to reduce their services and increase their fares. Flights to less high-demand cities are being eliminated, and flights are being packed with more passengers, to make up for the increased fuel costs. But ticket prices, although escalating, also remain relatively low compared to the past, because of the presence of competitive online Internet ticket vendors. Many airlines are still operating at a lost. There is a limit to what can be saved through packing more passengers into an aircraft."
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Communication in the Airline Industry, 2009.
A look at the implications and importance of effective communication in the airline industry.
3,487 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of effective communication in the airline industry to prevent the threat of human error. The paper highlights that clear and concise understanding of specific phrases and the inclusion or exclusion of something as simple as an "s" can mean the difference between life and death for crew and passengers. The paper further highlights that safety and communication go hand in hand, as often shown by the results of air crash investigations. The paper insists that training for pilots and crew members, therefore, needs to include not only communication strategies, but also the technical aspects of the English language.
Outline:
Introduction
Communication in the Airline Industry
The Human Factor in Aviation Safety
CRM History
Effectiveness of CRM
Ethics and Leadership
Development and Training
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are many more cases in which a lack of communication and language skills among pilots and air traffic control personnel resulted in accidents and deaths that could otherwise have been avoided. This is a problem that increasingly needs to be addressed in the contemporary globalized community. The problem is further exacerbated by the fact that neither pilot nor air traffic controller could be native speakers of English, making it difficult to interpret instructions or calls for assistance in this language. Baron refers to this as "language barriers", where a lack of language skills is specifically to blame for a lack of effective communication".
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Apollo 11 Space Mission, 2009.
This paper discusses the significance to mankind of the Apollo 11 space mission to the moon.
1,295 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that there is nothing man is incapable of doing, not even exploring far beyond the Earth's boundaries, as long as he puts his mind, heart and body into it. The paper overviews the period of time in American history preceding the launch of Apollo 11, describes the design of the Apollo 11 lunar module and the Apollo mission itself and discusses the discoveries made. The paper concludes with the firm belief that this mission proved that humanity is destined for things far beyond their realms.
Outline:
Humanity and the Moon
The Era of Turmoil
The Apollo 11 Space Mission
The Discoveries from the Apollo 11 Space Mission
The Contribution of the Apollo 11 Space Mission to Mankind
From the Paper
"It has been nearly 40 years since man placed his footprints on the Moon. For millions of years, people had looked up into the vastness of space, wondering what lay beyond the earth's atmosphere. Space exploration was simply a fragment of one's imagination - a creation of science fiction. On Earth grounds, many a human being had looked up at the Moon, observing its detail and absorbing its essence: how the light played on its surface, its craters, and shadows. How man imagined being on it, exploring if there were signs of life, and sought to discover if the Moon was a picture of the earth's future. Man had wondered: is it ever possible to uncover the vastness of the universe by first visiting the closest neighbour Earth has?"
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