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Elderly Population in the United States, 2001.
Growth of aging population and geographical distribution. Also discusses impact of health problems, elder-care industry, Medicare.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, £ 28.95
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From the Paper
"Because of the significant decline in deaths due to heart disease in the United States, the number of people living to an advanced age has increased considerably. The 1990 census estimated that there were 31.2 elderly individuals in America, comprising 13 percent of the adult population (Crispell and Frey, 1993). Most of the available information about the distribution of the elderly in the United States comes from census data, since this is about the only time such statistics are collected for the nation as a whole.
In the last census for which figures are available (1990), more than one in four individuals over the age of 65 were found to be living by themselves, while more than 50 percent were the head of a household, or married to the head of a household. While the incomes of those aged between 65 and 74 years of age were..."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2001.
Damage to brain cells caused by neurodegenerative disorder. Symptoms, diagnosis, progression of disease, theories re: causes, treatment, identifying risk factors.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 11 sources, £ 62.95
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From the Paper
"Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which causes the destruction of certain brain cells resulting in a decline in mental functions. The damage occurs in the association area of the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus and the middle and temporal lobes, and result in a decreased concentration of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Sadovsky, 2000, p. 877). Alzheimer=s disease affects the memory, thinking, language, and behavior. It usually occurs in people over the age of 65, but can occur in those as young as 40 years of age. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and when dementia occurs, patients are often placed in full-time residential care. It is estimated that about 10 percent of the population over the age of 65 suffer from Alzheimer=s disease (Alzheimer=s, 1999). Of these, between five percent and 10 perce..."
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Age Discrimination in the Workforce, 2001.
Discusses stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination against older employees (40+). 1967 Age Discrimination Employment Act; recent ADEA lawsuits; theoretical issues; suggested solutions.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, £ 33.95
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From the Paper
"Robert Butler, the first director of the National Institute on Aging, coined the term "ageism" in 1969 and likened it to other forms of bigotry such as racism and sexism (Robinson, 1994). Butler defined ageism as "a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old" (Robinson, 1994). Today, ageism is more broadly defined as any prejudice or discrimination against or in favor of an age group (Robinson, 1994)."
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Treatment of Elderly in Modern Society, 2001.
Discusses low status in industrialized nations such as U.S. Disengagement theory, activity theory. Compares U.S. to Ireland in terms of social services.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, £ 28.95
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From the Paper
"Different cultures treat the elderly in different ways. Cox (1998) notes research showing an inverse relationship "between the degree of modernization and the status accorded old persons" (Cox, 1998, 1), which means that in the more industrialized nations, the older person has a lower status than is the case in less industrialized nations. This is something we can see all around us as our own culture celebrates youth to the exclusion of the old and has been charged with throwing away older people.
The position of the aged in modern society is clearly a reflection of the process of disengagement, referred to by Morgan & Kunkel (1998) in terms of retirement. Disengagement should be a social process that moves older people into a new arrangement, but still "into full participation within the..."
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Devastating Effects of Alzheimer's Disease, 2001.
Discusses the disorder and how AD sufferers and their families are treated by medical community. Coping skills and support systems of family caregivers; care in health care facilities. Suggestions re: improving current systems.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 14 sources, £ 85.95
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From the Paper
"This paper discusses the devastating physical and emotional effects that Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (Alzheimer's disease) has on the patient and their family. It explores the current ways people affected by this illness are treated by the medical community, and how necessary information is not readily disseminated by the doctors, who are the initial contacts. It examines the coping skills and support systems used by family caregivers, and looks at what is involved in obtaining care from facilities outside of the home. Finally, suggestions are proposed to make improvements to the current systems."
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I'm Not Going to Get Old, 2002.
A paper which shows the public's changing perspective of aging.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the process of aging has changed. It shows how the media has influenced this change by portraying negative stereotypes of the elderly and how people are trying to stay young as long as possible by having surgery performed on them, staying active in their old age, and retiring later on in life.
From the Paper
"Today, it is seen as a crime to grow old. When we think of the elderly, we no longer see the heroic image of George Washington or Ben Franklin. Instead, we see the image of a frail and weak person. ?Other cultures value age and the wisdom of experience; we disparage and mock it, viewing it as a weakness, a personal misfortune? (Ross). This image is in part due to negative stereotypes of the elderly being portrayed in the media. People are afraid of becoming like this image and to prevent it, they are investing in the many anti-aging products on the market, like hair-dye and anti-aging cream. They are also being more productive in their old age. Today, men and women alike are participating in a fight against time and they are refusing to grow old."
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The Nature of Death in Life, 2002.
A discussion of the theme of death in the novels "Lolita" by Vladimir Nabokov and "Catch-22" by Joseph Heller.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 2 sources, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how death stands as a continuous presence in the two books, serving as a motivator, a metaphor, a threat, and a theme all at the same time. The paper gives a brief summary of "Lolita" and explains that it portrays American culture as a denial of death. It shows how the main character is an aging man trying to return to youth and in so doing so trying to escape death. The paper then summarizes "Catch-22", and details how the characters are surrounded by death and the threat of death at all times. It shows how the characters are haunted by the image of death. The paper then compares the two novels showing that death is both a threat and a way out in both stories.
From the Paper
"The entire structure of the army in war becomes a metaphor for life, with death always hanging over everyone, and with no way of escaping it. Numerous characters die in the course of the novel, some in seemingly normal ways during wartime, hit by enemy fire, and others in inexplicable ways, like Clevinger, who just flies into a cloud and disappears. Doc Daneeka becomes a living metaphor for what has happened to everyone--he is made "dead" by a bureaucracy that can make a man seem to die by writing it in a report. He is truly a dead man among the living, just as they are all living men constantly among the dead."
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Economics and the Elderly, 2002.
An examination of population surge and its influence on the economy.
987 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the economic requirements of the elderly today such as health plans and pensions and discusses what will happen when those born in the baby boom of the 1950s and 1960's become pensioners. It examines the foreseen drain on the economy and the effects it has on Medicare and pension plans as well as Social Security. The paper includes statistics and a graph.
From the Paper
"Modern Canada is also suffering from many of the issues that currently plague the United States. According to a statistical analysis provided by Canada?s Daily report, ?One out of every eight Canada?s citizens reported that they had unmet health care needs in 2000/01, up from one in twenty-four in1994/95. Prolonged waits and unavailability of services were the most frequently reported reasons for such unmet needs.? If this pattern continues in its hostile direction, these painful statistics will grow in coalition with its offset pattern. The problem with treating Canada?s elderly is that the Canadian hospitals do not have the money or the room for such a large number of older people needing health care (sound familiar). In a recent health care study done by the University of Toronto, states that ?80% of young people between the ages of 18-45 are given higher priority in health care over those between the ages of 45-80.?"
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Care for the Elderly in the U.S., 2002.
A study into the need for long-term health care for the elderly in the U.S.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The United States has no current integrated system of providing long-term health care for older Americans. This paper examines why such an approach for long-term care for the elderly would be beneficial to all generations in a society as well as looking at the factors that have produced this growing need for long-term care (longer life spans, rising demographics).
From the Paper
"How to pay for the care ? whether that care comes in the form of a nursing home or a person coming in to cook and clean a couple of times a week ? is in many ways the key question that must be addressed when considering how the elderly will be cared for. For while it would be hard to find anyone who argues that the elderly should not receive the best possible care. No one is advocating that seniors should be left without nutritious food or social contracts or proper nursing care. The subject under debate is always who will pay for these services. The United States, lacking a socialized system of health care, has always left the question of such care to the individual involved or that individual?s family and friends."
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Elder Depression: A Proposed Intervention, 2002.
This paper looks at depression in the elderly which is often undiagnosed and therefore untreated.
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the causes of elder depression, possible treatments for the disease, and proposes a geriatric intervention program that would reduce depression in the elderly population. This type of depression is the often undiagnosed and as a result, under treated. The author defines depression, and details its many different signs, focusing on those that are particularly difficult to detect in the elderly. The author then details the steps that should be taken in treating this disease, including an initial visit to a physician, proper diagnosis, treatment and a carefully monitored medication schedule. The patient should then enter the care of a psychiatrist, or psychologist, preferably with their spouse, or other family members in order to help the person through this difficult period in time. The message that this author hopes to bring to the reader is that the elderly are a unique population, who often suffer from a very common disease, but they need to be treated keeping their special status in mind.
From the Paper
"Depression is a persistently sad mood that impairs one?s ability to function normally in work, home, or social relationships. A depressed person cannot be cheered up or rid themselves of their mood, any more than they could rid themselves of another medical problem such as diabetes or heart disease. Sometimes the sad mood is obvious; sometimes it takes the form of losing interest and pleasure in usual activities. According to the DSM-IV (1998), symptoms of depression are as follows: (A) Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated either by subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years. (B) Presence, while depressed, of two (or more) of the following: (1) poor appetite or overeating (2) insomnia or hypersomnia (3) low energy or fatigue (4) low self-esteem (5) poor concentration or difficulty making decisions (6) feelings of hopelessness (C) The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). (D) The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Despite concrete measures of depression such as those outlined in the DSM-IV (1998), it is difficult to diagnose in the elderly, because depression often has a high comorbidity with other medical illnesses (Miller 1997). Commonly, identifying depression in an elderly individual in conjunction with his or her other ailments presents itself as a challenge to medical professionals and caregivers (Miller 1997)."
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Successful vs. Unsuccessful Aging, 2002.
A comparison of successful and healthy aging as opposed to unsuccessful and unpleasant aging.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and clarifies the debate over different types of aging. Starting with the revolutionary work of Havighurst in the late 1960?s and incorporating research from the present day, this paper defines the three central components of aging: physiological, psychological (cognitive), and social. Numerous examples of both successful and unsuccessful aging across all three components are described, and backed by empirical research. No clear ?recipe? for successful aging can be given, but this paper is a thorough and modern overview of this facet of psychology as it stands today.
From the Paper
"In the late 16th century the Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon set out on a quest to discover the fountain of youth. Intruding into uncharted and hostile Indian Territory, de Leon was struck dead by an arrow to his heart, at the age of 47. Today millions of Americans and billions worldwide are experiencing the golden years that evaded De Leon. But does older age necessarily equate to 'golden years'? Since at least the 1960s gerontologists have been developing conceptual frameworks, called schema, to describe ideal outcomes of the aging process. One of the most commonly used terms to describe good old age is "successful aging", often attributed to R.J. Havighurst (1961). This concept lies at the core of the practice of gerontology; the Havighurst article appeared as the first conceptual piece in the first issue of the discipline's prime publication, The Gerontologist. Defining 'successful' aging has been an issue of debate ever since. However, a complete definition must include at least three components: physiological, psychological (or cognitive), and social. It also must be able to be clearly distinguished from the opposite end of the spectrum, namely, 'unsuccessful' aging."
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"A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments", 2001.
A critical look at this essay by David Foster Wallace and the author's care-free attitude to life and aging.
1,100 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes and critically analyzes David Foster Wallace's "A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments". Using the particular essay of "Getting Away From Pretty Much Getting Away From" the writer looks at the relaxed attitude that the author has to getting old and how he does not regret anything in his life. The writer comments that it is a young refreshing attitude that could do everyone some good.
From the Paper
"This essay written by the well-known David Foster Wallace brings to light many things that are taken for granted. Wallace uses his typical style to create an essay based on razor sharp wit and dry sarcasm. He sprinkles the essay with things that are supposed to be fun but in reality are not fun at all. "I have seen sucrose beaches and water a very bright blue. I have seen an all-red leisure suit with flared lapels. I have smelled what suntan lotion smells like spread over 21,000 pounds of hot flesh (Wallace, 1998)."
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Sad and Serious: Alzheimers, 2002.
This paper is an in-depth look at the fourth leading cause of death in adults: Alzheimer's Disease.
5,570 words (approx. 22.3 pages), 29 sources, MLA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all aspects of Alzheimer's Disease. The author covers such issues as diagnosis of the disease, causation, groups affected by Alzheimer's, and an assessment of available treatments. The paper also explores the importance of caregivers for those suffering from the disease, and how Alzheimer's figures into current events.
From the Paper
"There are various correct definitions of Alzheimer's disease. The following is an accepted definition for Alzheimer's disease found in the fourth edition of the American Heritage Dictionary of the American Language. A disease marked by the loss of cognitive ability, generally over a period of ten to fifteen years, and associated with the development of abnormal tissues and protein deposits in the cerebral cortex. Alzheimer's disease is more than just a matter of aging. Real Alzheimer's is not just an occasional lapse that leads to embarrassment; it is a gradually worsening impairment of memory that ends in the total inability to function. It is a disease of any age."
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They Get No Respect, 2003.
The following paper discusses the way in which elderly people are humiliated by the society in which they raised.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 0 sources, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This three-page paper examines the way elderly people have been depicted in various media. The writer uses songs, television shows, and movies to illustrate the fact that elderly people are often portrayed in much the same derogatory manner as the African-Americans were on stage at one time.
From the paper:
?The elderly people in this nation deserve the utmost respect. They have worked hard, raised at least one generation of community participants if not several and they have provided the world with their worth and value. When they reach the golden years they have learned a lot about life along the path and have many valuable insights that they can share with those who are still traveling.?
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