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Complicated and Uncomplicated Bereavement, 2004.
A discussion of the effects on a survivor, including grief, multiple reactions to loss, ritualistic styles of mourning and social adjustments.
2,555 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the distinguishing types of bereavement: complicated and uncomplicated and the various responses in both cases. A classification of the forms of grief is provided along with an extensive analysis of each form. The mourning process is also dissected into several categories and leads into the presentation of the adjustment to the aftermath. The key points from above highlight how the response to bereavement is a physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural experience.
From the Paper
"Bereavement is always a painful experience, but some people return to their normal life rapidly, experiencing uncomplicated bereavement, while others never go back to their previous way of life before their loss. Death is a powerful cause of stress; even those going through uncomplicated bereavement are likely to experience many symptoms of anxiety and depression and undergo physiological changes which reduce the body?s ability to fight off disease (Phillips, 1994). Popular options suggest that the progression through bereavement is often steady and orderly, yet people grieve in highly individualized ways. Depending on prior losses and the severity of the current loss, symptoms of anxiety may be most evident and can mix or overshadow symptoms of depression (Rogoff, 1989)."
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Long-Term Health Care Industry, 2004.
This paper discusses long-term health care industry, including mental health, social support, and residential services provided to temporarily or chronically impaired persons over an extended period.
2,805 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the long-term health care industry has been affected by trends towards independence through assisted living and away from institutionalization of individuals with chronic health problems. Because more diseases are now treatable, there has been a significant reduction in the number of persons who require long-term care. The author points out that many older individuals are not prepared to face the costs of long-term care because they think it is already fully covered by Medicare. The paper relates that there is a division in the general health care setting between public and private funding; private funding comes from companies and involves a setting that takes market forces into a greater consideration, while public funding comes from the government and has a more regulatory effect on the general health care setting.
Table of Contents
History of the Provider
Current Role of the Provider in the Healthcare System
Current Provider Characteristics
Important Issues Facing the Provider
From the Paper
"In terms of current provider characteristics, there are, as mentioned above, many different types of long-term care. Some examples in the current setting are adult day-care centers and nursing homes, but, also as abovementioned, long-term care is not just for the elderly, but is for all individuals with chronic conditions that mean constant care is necessary. Therefore, the general characteristics of long-term care differ in accordance to what is needed by the individual patient. Also, individuals have many options in allowing for long-term care expenses, but these options are narrowed according to the sophistication of the insurance coverage carried by the individual. Although many insurance companies are now providing better long-term allowances than ever, the premiums and deductibles on these policies are often prohibitive to certain individuals who have limited means."
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Age Discrimination in Employment, 2004.
This paper discusses the challenge facing older workers and the actions they can take to prove age discrimination.
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that older employees and job applicants, who are 40 years of age or older, are protected under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). The author states that claimants can use time-consuming and costly processes of litigation, mediation, or dispute resolution to reach a settlement or decision on their complaints. The paper states that age discrimination claims continue to be the fastest-rising claims with the EEOC because American workers are living and working longer, sometimes into their 70s.
From the Paper
"The EEOC recently settled a major age discrimination suit against Foot Locker. In any discrimination case, the following qualifications must be met: the claimant must be a member of a protected class, adverse employment action has occurred, legitimate reasons exist for the cause of action. When an employee feels that he has been discriminated against, he can file a claim with the EEOC who will investigate. In the case against Foot Locker (who owned Woolworth Inc.), employees 40 years old or over were laid off. But immediatley after these layoffs, younger workers were hired from the outside and filled the vacant positions that were left by the older workers (EEOC)."
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Alzhiemer's Disease, 2004.
An overview of Alzhiemer's and various alternative treatments.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 34 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Alzheimer?s; it?s aetiology and symptoms, in order to question the orthodox and alternative treatments available. It discusses the considered main causes that include zinc, copper, iron and aluminium, as well as including a brief overview of the accepted commonest risk factors. It is concluded by considering and suggesting, that ginkgo biloba is the main contender as the alternative to orthodox medicine in treating and preventing, Alzheimer?s disease.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1
An Overview of Alzheimer?s Disease ? Definition, Aetiology and Risk Factors
Associated Structural Abnormalities of AD
Beta Amyloid Plaques (BAPs)
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Risk Factors of AD
Chapter 2 ? The Biometals
The ?Normal? role of Zinc
The Paradoxical Role of Zinc
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress
The Cholesterol Theory
Chapter Three ? Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo Biloba as an Antioxidant and Preventative
Vitamin ?E? and Other Free Radical Scavengers
Chapter Four - The Role of Orthodox Treatments
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), One of the Neurotrophic Factors
Selegiline
Oestrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT)
Metal Chelation Therapy
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Chapter Five ? Conclusion
From the Paper
"Copper is another essential trace mineral in the human body; it is a constituent of many enzymes and takes part in the absorption of iron and in melanin formation. Lack of copper may result in anaemia and bone changes. Estimated safe and adequate dietary intake is 1.5-3.0 mg/day for adults, and 0.4-0.6 mg/day for infants (Tortora and Grabowski, 2000). Copper plays a crucial role, with cholesterol, in nutrition and normal brain function. Recent evidence indicates that copper and cholesterol may both be important factors in the aetiology of AD. Sparks et al (2003) explains how trace amounts of copper (0.12 ppm) added to water and given to cholesterol-fed rabbits induced BAP accumulation, including senile plaque-like structures in the hippocampus and temporal lobe."
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Animal Therapy with Elderly Patients, 2004.
This paper reviews the current literature regarding the use of animal-assisted therapy to help elderly people deal with depression.
2,154 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes various studies that deal with the success or failure of animal therapy with the elderly. The treatment discussed is, specifically, the use of domestic and farm animals in helping elderly people deal with depression that is a consequence of their lack of independence.
From the Paper
"For many elderly citizens, the problems of aging can be compounded by depression -- an illness that affects the body as well as the mind. A major depression affects people's ability to work, study, sleep, eat and enjoy activities that they once found pleasurable. Symptoms include persistent feelings of sadness and anxiety, which can compound other physical illnesses as well."
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Workers Over 65, 2004.
Looks at the growing trend of workers over the age of 65 returning or staying in the work force.
1,222 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the commonly held misconceptions about people over the age of 65 and their job performance skills. The paper dispels some of the negative myths about the performance ability of older workers and outlines the reasons why employers could benefit from an aging work force.
From the Paper
"Today, many workers who hit retirement age are opting to keep working. Many factors contribute to this fact: economics, changes in retirement age, continuing need for personal achievement, and employers? need and desire to keep older workers on the job. In today?s economy, many workers simply cannot afford to retire (Hawthorne, 2003). At the same time, the age for eligibility for Social Security retirement benefits will eventually climb from 62 to 67 with a substantial reduction in benefits for early retirees. This means that many older Americans will spend at least two to five years longer in the workforce or have to change their lifestyle. In addition, many older people simply want to keep working. The world faces a future in which a whole generation is healthy, wealthy and bored. Many will choose to keep working or will go back to work."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2003.
An overview of the causes, treatments, and outcomes of Alzheimer's disease in the United States today.
5,673 words (approx. 22.7 pages), 25 sources, MLA, £ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at one of the most debilitating of the illnesses that are associated with the aging process, Alzheimer's disease, which affects memory, cognition, and behavior. It provides a comprehensive and scholarly overview of Alzheimer?s disease, its etiology and incidence, typical treatments and overall prognosis. A review of new research into Alzheimer?s causes and treatments is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The etiology of Alzheimer's disease can be conceptualized as being a developmental reversal of a child becoming an adult. ?The Alzheimer's patient moves in an opposite trajectory from the infant who acquires increasingly complex skills and capacities over time; instead, the person with Alzheimer's loses skills and capacities as memory fails to support the array of adult activities? (Martinson & Muwaswes, 1993, p. 229). According to Maurish and Moses (1997), it was assumed by researchers until fairly recent times that certain mental disorders had an organic basis, whereas others were described as functional; here, the term functional was conservatively defined as having no known organic basis."
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Aging Baby Boomers, 2004.
Proposal for a project that would address several of the issues associated with the aging baby boomer population in America.
1,936 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal for a project that will attempt to determine the relative importance of the aging of the baby boomer generation. The paper explains the three main issues concerning the aging baby boomer population that the project will address. These issues to be studied are the perceived cost of lost labor by the actual retirement of the baby boomers, what steps people entering the labor force today are taking to address this, the perceived national financial projections for overall benefit procurement for baby boomers according to their children, and perceived projected costs to individual families for care and assistance of those people retiring, today and over the next twenty to thirty years.
From the Paper
"The generation in America known as the baby boomers, born after WWII between roughly the years 1946 and 1964, is a significant part of the population today. Those individuals are aging, just as we all are and will within the next twenty plus years become a population of people in need of those services associated with aging. "In 2011, the oldest boomers will turn 65, retirement age. And for at least 20 years after that, we'll hear more than we want to hear abut their Medicare coverage and retirement finances. " (Williamson) Services that mainly consist of medical care and retirement benefits are costly and the generation of workers who are in their working prime today and who will be in the foreseeable future is a significantly smaller proportionate demographic than the baby boomers."
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Gender Roles for Caregivers of the Elderly, 2004.
Reviews some of the literature available on caregiving and the impact gender has in caregiving.
1,360 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of the literature available concerning the relationship between caregivers and the recipients of their care. Particular emphasis is placed on literature that looks at the impact that gender has on the role of the caregiver.
From the Paper
"The question of what impact gender has in caregiving and/or the distribution of caregiving tasks among family members when caring for aging parents is a significant one, given the aging of the population and what has been reported as a breakdown in family structure. By far the literature provides information concerning care by the spouse. There is an overwhelming need for studies centered on family members and roles involved in caregiving activities for parents."
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Alzheimer's Disease, 2004.
A brief examination of the condition know as Alzheimer's Disease.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Alzheimer's is a degenerative disease of the brain that results in memory loss, impaired thinking, difficulty finding the right word when speaking, and personality changes. It explains that it is found predominantly in the elderly population and discusses specific characteristics, symptoms, and treatments. Focus is placed on different treatment options available.
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's illness is common in the elderly population. Studies (Knopman, Boeve, & Petersen, 2003) reveal that over three million people living within the United States have been diagnosed with the disease. As a person ages, the condition worsens and usually people having Alzheimer?s also have a long life expectancy. Except for advancing age, a family history of Alzheimer?s and cardiovascular disease, there is no evidence to support that environmental or health-behavioral factors strikingly increase a person?s risk. There continues to be ongoing arguments that the onset of the disease may be a result of low education, head injury, and being of the female sex."
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Alzheimer?s Disease, 2004.
A look at current hypotheses and effects of Alzheimer?s disease.
3,294 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 24 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper covers a broad range of areas pertaining to Alzheimer's disease (AD), a devastating disease that ravages the brain, robs the sufferer of their identity and eventually causes death. It looks at how AD is not an inevitable part of aging or an acceleration of aging and how it is a disease belonging to a category of diseases known as dementias, which cause a severe deterioration of several mental functions such as judgement, language and memory. It explores different areas from its neurochemistry, anatomy and neurophysiology, to the alarming statistics, the psychology and observable behavioral changes in all stages of this disease. It also discusses causes, current treatments, and treatments under investigation.
From the Paper
"The first symptoms of AD occur at a microscopic level which affects many areas of the brain and may begin as early as the 20?s. Initially, subtle symptoms arise such as forgetfulness and mood change (Jones, 1999). This is due to nerve cell death in the limbic system which undergoes the most severe degenerative changes in AD. The entorhinal cortex is affected earliest and most severely, and shows the clearest evidence of cell loss. This structure is the major relay through which information from the neocortex gets to the hippocampus and back to the neocortex, and it is this degeneration that is thought to cause initial memory loss in AD (Kolb & Whishaw, 1996). Short-term memory is made worse as the hippocampus is gradually ridden with plaques and tangles. Sadly, even long-term memories fade away."
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Senior Housing Marketing Plan, 2004.
This paper is a thorough marketing plan for a proposed senior housing community in Maryland.
3,568 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines all the marketing angles in order to promote a unique housing community in Maryland. The focus of the housing community would be sports-oriented active seniors, with an emphasis on equine sports. The writer discusses the target market and describes the competing communities in the area. The strengths and weakness of the proposal are examined, and an analysis of the proposed community is provided.
From the Paper
"This 14-acre site one mile from historic Annapolis is near the mouth of the Severn River and overlooks the Chesapeake Bay and the spectacular Bay Bridge. This is a community of 147 multi-family units within two six-story, elevator-access buildings. There?s a three-level clubhouse and two-story health-care center; the health center offers residents a variety of flexible health care plans. Ownership is through a cooperative, in which residents will cooperatively own the land, buildings, health-care center, fishing and crabbing piers. The intention was to offer residents home ownership with no maintenance and upkeep hassles. One-bedroom co-op apartment homes begin at $366,500. Monthly fees begin at $1,576 and include maintenance inside each home, utilities, parking, storage areas, real estate taxes and insurance on the buildings. Also included are weekly housekeeping and linen service, scheduled transportation to local shopping and events, emergency call system monitored 24/7, daily security check, concierge, dietary consultations, one meal each day, basic cable service and fitness, nutrition and wellness services. Fee-based services include water taxi, limousine, private catering, extra meals, dry cleaning pickup and delivery and guest meals. In addition to the clubhouse, the community also features a private dining room available for personal entertaining, a convenience shop and guest suites. It also offers a computer-equipped library, woodworking shop, arts-and-crafts studio, billiard/card room, beauty and barbershops and a bank."
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Problems of Aging, 2004.
Discusses the problems faced by caregivers when caring for the aging population.
1,078 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The advancements in medical facilities have considerably increased life expectancy of Americans and, consequently, there is a surge in the aged population. Caring for the increasing ?aging population? has become an important issue in the health care field. This paper discusses some of the important aspects of caring for the old and the effects on the caregivers in a detailed manner. There are a lot of practical problems associated with old age caring. The paper discusses the financial burden, health impact, and time constraints on the caregiver.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Aging and Society's Outlook
Emotional Stress in Caregiving
Caregiving, Employment and Financial Aspects
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Another aspect that is attendant with the caregiving is the time and attention that the task demands. A survey conducted revealed that around 7% of informal caregivers had to quit their jobs, being unable to divide their time between caregiving and work. Even if they continue in their present jobs there is an observed fall in their productivity because of their constant preoccupation with the caring task. ?The aggregate costs of caregiving to US businesses in lost productivity are at least $11.4 billion per year,? [Salvatore J. Giorgianni]. About two out of five caregivers responded that the number of hours that they worked has been greatly reduced. About 40% of the caregivers had to take unpaid leave of absence of around 17 days a year, which reflects as 8% of their yearly work time. [Marc A. Cohen] In many cases, looking after seriously disabled and chronically ill elders would necessitate fulltime care. Quitting jobs added to the already mounting financial burden."
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Ethnicity and Aging, 2004.
This paper discusses the differences in aging ethnic groups, stressing nutrition, depression, and use of services, which should influence the planning of geriatric programs and services.
3,075 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews some of the research being conducted by social scientists and health care workers on different ethnic groups and aging. The author relates that a dietary study of elderly Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites reveals a difference in what they eat. The paper discusses the increasing number of elderly of all ethnic groups and how they suffer from depression. It presents a comparative study of Japanese-Americans.
From the Paper
"As the number of elderly increase across the United States, there will be greater demand for medical, psychological and social services that meet their needs. To prepare for such contingencies, it is best to continue such data collection now rather than wait until the demands are high. In this way, the country can be assured that it is indeed responding to this major population that will be requiring extensive support and care in the coming decades."
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