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High School Competitive Sports, 2008.
A discussion on whether participation in high school competitive sports is a destruction of the school mission or a contribution to academic goals.
2,769 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to definitively answer whether sports are destructive to the schools mission or an enhancement of the academics. For the purposes of this paper issues surrounding sports are discussed. Specifically, it reviews the use of performance-enhancement drugs, the obesity epidemic and the relationships and cohesion of the students. The paper concludes that there is a positive influence of sports on the academic setting and a benefit to the individual student.
From the Paper
"It has long been recognized by educators that children learn best when they are interested. Extracurricular activities can be the driving force for many children's interest in going to school, and it can promote a feeling of being part of a community (Burnett 3). Athletes become active participants in the learning process because it is imperative for them to take information and directly apply it to a situation. They are then able to receive feedback from their superiors and peers, and then evaluate the information in real-life situations. This process provides educational benefits, which are self-evident."
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Athletes and Eating Disorders, 2008.
This paper explores eating disorders among female athletes; why they happen and what can prevent them.
1,113 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the seriousness of the problem of eating disorders among young female athletes and some possible explanations for why these young women succumb to eating disorders that end their athletic careers or even their lives. The paper argues that the sporting society needs to adjust its focus when it comes to what measures will allow for athletic success. The paper discusses the importance of young women being prepared to challenge unrealistic body type images in the popular media and listen to their bodies and to the medical evidence, rather than to a coach.
From the Paper
"To start with, female athletes are more likely than male athletes to use induced vomiting as a means of losing weight. In a related vein, female athletes looking to "shed a few pounds" are perceptibly more likely then their male counterparts to use laxatives as a chief means of doing so. The troubling use of laxatives is often accompanied by the even more troubling misuse of diet pills by female athletes. Lastly, an exhaustive study undertaken by the National Collegiate Athletic Association Study reveals that, while young male athletes have a "low" (but acceptable) boy fat count over-all, female athletes register "abnormally low" in the body fat development (Johnson et al, 1999). Findings such as this one are deeply unsettling insofar as young men and women - for the most part - play the same sports today yet women seem to desire getting smaller much more so than their young male counterparts."
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Gender Bias and Women in Sports, 2007.
An examination of the challenges posed for women in sports by the gender binary system.
2,441 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how female athletes face tremendous obstacles and prejudice because by definition they are in opposition to the twin pillars of our patriarchal society: the gender binary system, and compulsory heterosexuality. The paper shows that many athletes and athletic organizations spend a great deal of energy on countering suspicions that women athletes are not "natural," "real," heterosexual, feminine women. The writer suggests that women stop wasting their energy on counteracting societal prejudices, and concentrate on being the best athletes they can be. The paper concludes that society has to change, and acknowledge and affirm the new ways in which 21st century women are choosing to express themselves. The writer believes that in this way, women's sports will some day command the same respect and money as men's sports do.
From the Paper
"Our society is rigidly structured on the basis of a gender binary system, which stipulates and prescribes that there must be two - and only two -genders, and moreover that these two genders are the opposites of one another. This system commonly posits the male as the norm, and the female as merely the "other," or simply the opposite of the norm. Within this system, certain attributes are regarded as quintessentially masculine, and others as feminine. Deviation from this is not well tolerated by mainstream society, possibly because it threatens the patriarchal status quo."
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Body Objectification in Woman Athletes, 2008.
An analysis of the relationship between women athletes, body objectification and eating disorders.
2,291 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 29 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the body of scholarly and research literature on the subject of female athletes, body image and objectification. It analyzes the role that the feminine ideal plays in the cognitive dissonance many sportswoman experience in reconciling the need for musculature to compete with the societal pressure to confirm to traditional norms of gender appearance. It pays particular attention to the correlation between this dissonance and the onset of eating disorders. The paper concludes with an analysis of qualitative research done by the author. The paper includes several interviews and discusses the light they shed on the previously discussed theories.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Literature Review
Interviews
From the Paper
"The coding of these interviews, albeit abbreviated because of limitations of time and length, nonetheless reveals distinct clustering patterns of words that connote issues central to our research topic. There clearly is a strong correlation between perceived body type, female athleticism and eating disorders in the case histories recounted in our interviews. Self-objectification is also in evidence as one of the root causes of the underlying psychological conflict that finds expression in eating disorders. Maggie's story in particular illustrates how destructive the discontinuity between the 'feminine ideal' and perceived body image can be. Just as the interview with the woman body builder demonstrates how the feminist perspective consciously applied to the problem of stigmatization of "muscular' woman can in fact insulate women from the social approbation of outright bias."
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New York Yankees, 2007.
An analysis of the marketing plan of the New York Yankees baseball team.
1,742 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the success of the New York Yankees baseball team. It looks at brand recognition and its all star player roster. The paper focuses on the reasons for their success. It analyzes their marketing strategies and objectives, as well as their product characterization. Finally, the paper provides a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis for the team.
Table of Contents:
Overview
Industry Overview
Marketing Objectives
Product Characteristics
SWOT
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The increasing rise in popularity of Major League Soccer as well as of the National Football league poses competitive threats to the Yankees franchise. These other professional sports leagues are effective at marketing and building a message of excitement and passion which is a message that Major League Baseball has often confused or garbled. The Yankees must create an integrated message to sell to its fan base and new potential fans that represent its history, its passion for the sport, and its roots in the New York community and ethos."
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Sport Chek Clientele, 2007.
This paper discusses Sport Chek outlet with regards to retail management.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the viability of a Sport Chek's retail location in the Toronto area. Sport Chek is first examined as a retail operation and then its target market is given some discussion. Finally, the Toronto area demographics are examined with some detail awarded to customer psychographics.
Outline:
Abstract
Sport Check Clientele
Overview
Target Market
Market Segmentation
Demographics
Psychographics
From the Paper
"Sport Chek specializes in delivering unequalled customer service in a retail environment that has been tailored to the customer needs and desires rather than to corporate strategies or operational needs. Sport Chek's product mix places it in different product categories within the sports industry which allow it to appeal to a wide customer base. Among its product categories are: apparel, bikes, fitness, footwear, golf, hockey, outerwear, racquet sports, ski, team sports, and snowboard products. Sport Chek is owned by the Forzani Group which is the largest retail sports retailer in Canada with several other retail operations in addition to Sport Chek. While the company does not breakdown earnings by division, Sport Chek's parent corporation, the Forzani Group, reported $1,129,404k in total revenues of 2006. Sport Chek is a recognizable brand in Canada and particularly in the Toronto area."
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History of Physical Education, 2007.
This paper discusses physical education and looks at its history.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that from the time the first Olympiad was held in 776 BC, sports and physical education have become a part of health and fitness goals as well as a way of fostering community and political cooperation. Using the definition of physical education provided by R.L. McDaniel, this paper discusses physical education as "the means by which development of the total person is enhanced." The paper then provides a brief timeline and historical perspective of physical education.
From the Paper
"In 1953, physical fitness levels in school aged children were compared between the US and Europe; with results demonstrating the US performed significantly poorer than their European counterparts. This comparison was believed to be the catalyst for Federal Government involvement, such that in 1953 President Eisenhower formed the first Council on Youth Fitness (renamed to the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports). In 1994 the Physical Bet fitness testing program was established and in 2000 the Physical Education for Progress Act was approved by congress, although President Bush imposed a moratorium on the Act the following year."
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Women and Sports, 2007.
This essay discusses the issue of femininity as it relates to sports.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a reflection analysis of three different articles from three different periods. The writer looks at the following three articles: "No Man's Land of Sport" by Alexandrine Gibb, "Whitby Senior Public School Girls Win Third Straight Volleyball Crown" by Malcolm Johnson, and "Sports Briefs" from The Toronto Star. Specifically, the paper looks at the socially-constructed body as it pertains to women in sports. In addition, the writer discusses the issues of femininity that arise when looking at the three articles. In the end, the writer argues that attitudes vis-a-vis the female form and female involvement in athletics have evolved generally in a positive manner.
From the Paper
"Instead, coverage of women's sports veered towards the athletic abilities of female participants. For example, a January 1985 article in the Toronto Star mentions how Whitby Senior Public School's victory in the Durham Elementary Athletic Association volleyball championships is a testament to the commitment of the athletes involved. In particular, writer Malcolm Johnson approvingly cites coach Jim Higgs, who mentions both competitive zeal and commitment as well as skill as being the chief determinants of his team's success. Suffice it to say, these young girls are now viewed as athletes and as competitors rather than as mass commodities with "nice legs"; just as significantly, there does not appear to be any social construction of the female form at all in this particular article - although the young age of the female competitors involved necessarily argues against that, anyways. Nonetheless, athletic achievement has supplanted "old-fashioned" notions of femininity."
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Friday Night Lights, 2007.
This paper analyzes the book 'Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream' by H.G. Bissinger.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article discusses that in the book 'Friday Night Lights: A Town, a Team, and a Dream', H.G. Bissinger writes about the central role of high school football in the community life of Odessa, Texas. The writer notes that the author is attracted to the story when he learns that as many as 20,000 people attend the football games on Friday night, eager to root for a team called the Permian Panthers. The writer discusses that football holds a more important place in the lives of the people of this area than would be true for people elsewhere. The writer points out that the author analyzes not just the games and the crowds but the demographics and economics of the region, suggesting a link between the poor economic life of the region and the focus on a winning football team for community spirit and a relatively inexpensive and reliable source of entertainment.
From the Paper
"The elevation of athletes to a favored position in schools is nothing new and is common in high school and college alike, though Odessa may have exceeded the norm in this regard. The community's dedication to football has much less to do with the athletes themselves than with the need on the part of the rest of the community to have something that raises them above the unsettled nature of the region in which they live. Bissinger notes from the first how the area suffers from economic problems and intermittent violence. Life is described as hard in Odessa, and people find that football can be an escape. The way the people of Odessa respond to football is not unlike what is seen in other communities, Midland included, but as a rule, a community reacts to the local football team to the degree that members of the community are associated with the school because they have children in the school or because they themselves are alumni of the school. In Odessa, on the other hand, the high school football team appeals to people with no direct association with the school at all. The high school has been made the central feature of the community, at least during football season."
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Women and Sport, 2007.
The writer provides a personal reflection on femininity and sports.
773 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 0 sources, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer offers reasons why she is a good candidate for a kinesiology course. She begins by describing the reasons behind her involvement in physical activity, health and athletics. She then details her personal experiences with ostracism and marginalized female athletes and explains how all of these experiences make her a good candiate for the course. The writer also discusses how her experiences have taught her that there may very well be merit to the argument that "male" and "female" is socially constructed - as are our respective attitudes and behavioral patterns.
From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why I became interested in issues pertaining to women, sports (specifically female sports), physical activity (chiefly as it pertains to women) and to human health in general. To begin with, I have long been interested in the issue of masculinity versus femininity and how our society constructs both. A number of years ago, when I was still in grade school, I was stabbed by an individual after a game of "touch" football grew out of hand. Making an already frightening situation worse, the individual was joined in the attack by two of his friends, who proceeded to beat me with such venom I truly though my life was in danger."
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Basketball Injuries and Strength Training, 2007.
An analysis of the types of injuries and ways to prevent them in basketball players.
1,051 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes injuries in basketball. It reviews the literature with regard to the types of injuries that can be expected in basketball and how they can be prevented. The paper suggests that strength training is essential in the prevention of injuries and explains why this is so. The paper also explains why the focus of strength training is leaning towards the entire athlete for injury prevention.
From the Paper
"The future of strength training in realtion to basketball appears to be leaning toward a focus on the entire athlete. It has always been known that football players, for example, require massive strength in order to be capable of defending themselves against physical contact on the football field. However, as basketball players in crease in size and ability, the physical contact that occurs in basketball continues to be more intense. Therefore, basketball players must be stronger and more in tone that ever before in order to meet the demands of the game. Professionals have also concluded that there may be a need to use strength training to build up limbs to an eqaul strength, as some parts of the body are toned more than others due to use. Yet, the focus on strength training to prevent injury is the key to the future of this type of exercise because of the increaed demands on players and the need for players to be capable of functioning at the optimum playing levels."
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Strength Training and Fitness, 2007.
An analysis of specific and whole-body strength training for athletes, as well as over-training syndrome.
1,141 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need for strength training and fitness in athletes. It begins by discussing the principles and practices of strength training for specific athletes - basketballers, baseballers and golfers. It then discusses the importance of overall strength training for success in athletics. The paper concludes by discussing the affects of over-training syndrome and ways to avoid it.
Table of Contents:
Strength Training
Basketball
Baseball
Golf
Over-training Syndrome
From the Paper
"As pointed out above, early detection is the key to keeping the syndrome in check. Similarly, athletes should be aware of their tendencies and realize if they are prone to overtraining. The types of athletes who are most susceptible are single-sport athletes who focus on a very specific movement and who bring to their training an ambitious, focused, almost obsessive intensity. Athletes who are at risk with such characteristics fall into a risk profile and they must therefore monitor their own activities, along with their coaches, so that they do not overtrain."
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Financing Yankee Stadium, 2007.
This paper discusses the new Yankee Stadium for the New York Yankees baseball club.
1,123 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the positive and negative aspects of the new Yankees Stadium project. The paper looks at the contributions of the city and the Yankees organization. The paper examines the financing strategy involved. The paper concludes that while most parties agree that the Yankees organization is good for the city and state, the cost of keeping the organization in New York City is difficult to justify in terms of a pure cost-benefit analysis.
Outline:
Overview
Employment Creation
Positives & Negatives
City Contribution
Yankees' Contribution
Financing Strategy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A new Yankee Stadium for the New York Yankees baseball club has been in consideration for many years but was not officially announced until June 15 of 2005. This baseball stadium is an open air stadium with a seating capacity of 51,000 and is scheduled for completion in April of 2009 ("Yankee" par.1). The new stadium is located adjacent to the present Yankee Stadium and is but a portion of a larger redevelopment project for that area. While the architect is HOK Sport located in Kansas City, the developer has not been selected yet. The overall cost of the project is expected to be approximately $1.02b in a mixture of public and private financing (Ozanian). One major emphasis in planning, design and construction of the new Yankee Stadium is that its exterior closely resembles that of the original."
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Harry Sylvester's "I Won't Take No Dive", 2007.
This paper uses formalism to analyze Harry Sylvester's short story "I Won't Take No Dive".
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the formalism mode of analysis revolves around examining the form of a literary work by analyzing functions within the textual system. The author points out that the content of the story provides the motivation for the action and the dialogue mirrors the immediate struggle between the two characters. The paper relates that the author uses the text to switch betweendialogue, third-person detached observation and an inner monologue to best convey the punch of the story, before switching to a closing detachment that underscores the final horror.
From the Paper
"When the character, Al, goes into the ring and almost unconsciously wins the match by knockout, the action is described in third person and somewhat detachedly. Dialogue between Al and his manager intersperse this third-person narrative, forcing the reader to switch between being inside Al's head and examining his actions from a detached perspective. It is when the fight is over, and Al's coach deserts him, that the action settles most tellingly inside Al's mind. This is because, stylistically, all of the potential conflicts have been resolved, and the end is nigh."
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