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Problem Solving in Public Administration, 2005.
A look at how to solve the stadium subsidies issue between owners and the local government.
2,744 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using taxpayer money for non-public purposes such as the construction of sporting facilities by for-profit franchises and organizations. It examines how professional team owners and local governments can potentially work together to build stadiums without burdening the taxpayers.
Outline
Introduction to Issue
Fact Finding
Problem Finding
Idea Finding
Solution Finding Acceptance Finding
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"All over the country sports teams are lobbying local governments and their constituents for tax dollars to build new stadiums. In return, the owners are promising better teams and additional revenue for the city based on higher ticket sales by bringing a championship to town. This issue has been hotly debated with no overwhelming conclusion that the stadiums benefit a community in any way. But does this mean we should not build new stadiums? The problem is that professional sports have become very big business, with the costs of franchises increasing and a corresponding need to position a team in a stadium that is state-of-the-art in terms of size, amenities, and profit maximization via skybox sales. "
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A New Football Stadium for Guildford, 2005.
A contemporary planning issue for Guildford, England and a proposal for a new football stadium.
2,421 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the wider issues of interaction between public, planning and politics and views the interaction of the three within the context a controversial development proposal - plans for a new football stadium in Guildford. The main inputs from politicians, the people and the planning system are discussed at various stages at the planning process.
From the Paper
"Guildford is a town that has seen the relative decline of its football abilities. The application was made as a direct response to the wish of AFC Guildford to progress to the Nationwide Conference League. The club currently play on the pitch at the centre of the running track at the Spectrum Leisure Centre. The track however is not capable of being upgraded to the requirements of the Conference football league. There is an area of green land adjacent to the Spectrum Leisure Centre, which it was felt could possibly accommodate better facilities. With these historical and practical issues in mind the planning application for a new stadium was submitted in February 2004. The stadium would be built by the Trinity Investment Co. Ltd on behalf of AFC Guildford. Such a large scale and controversial issue could not be decided within the normal eight week deadline. The application was concluded in January 2005."
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Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali, 2003.
A comparative analysis of the lives of two American idols: Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali.
1,079 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
According to Maya Angelou's "Champion of the World," Joe Louis became an icon because he changed the concept of what it meant to be an American and for many he represented the American Dream. Similarly, Mohammed Ali achieved greatness and managed to overcome many of the obstacles facing him during this uneasy and turbulent period in American history to become such an American icon. This paper provides an analysis and a comparison of these two individuals and what factors contributed to their success and the part they played in providing role models for American children. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The period during which Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali rose to fame was a difficult time for blacks in general (Stone 2000:100). During this period in American history, many white Americans actually believed that "separate but equal" facilities for African-Americans were appropriate and equitable. In this America, African-Americans were not only different, they were not entitled to use the same restrooms, the same drinking fountains, indeed the same schools as whites because they were inferior to whites. However, Joe Louis and Mohammed Ali served as clear examples that this was simply not the case."
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Football in Canada and the U.S., 2005.
A look at the Canadian Football League (CFL) compared to the American's National Football League (NFL).
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The differences between American football and Canadian football differ in all areas almost making them completely different games. It explains that the CFL has been misinterpreted as not on the same level as the NFL. In Canada, the CFL is highly regarded and considered a much better game to watch than the NFL. The writer compares certain rules and formats which highlight these differences. It shows that with the differences in play and the rules highlighted, the NFL format seems to be the easier of the two to play.
From the Paper
"If the offensive team loses a ball during play or fumbles the ball, the last team to posses the ball before going out of bounds gains possession in the NFL whereas the last team to touch the ball before it goes out of bounds gains possession in the CFL. A touchdown is scored when any player enters the end zone with the football. If the offensive team chooses, they can get close to the end zone and kick the ball for a field goal. A missed field goal in the CFL is considered live and if the ball is not returned out of the end zone the kicking team receives a point called "rouge" <http://www.football.com/rulesdiff/index.shtml>. The team coming out of the end zone with the missed field goal attempt can return the ball all the way for a touchdown or take possession where the player was downed."
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Football Morals, 2005.
A look at fair play and cheating in football with direct reference to Arsenal Vs Manchester United, 25th November 2004.
2,229 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two major incidents that had a profound and negative effect on the football match Arsenal vs. Manchester United, 25th November 2004 and its outcome. It looks a how the first is the continuous intentional rule violations that the Manchester United players were guilty of, which dramatically reduced the footballing standard of the game. It also discusses the manner in which the game was won, a penalty decision.
From the Paper
"When we advance our investigation into intentional rule violations further, we find that some forms of it are classified as cheating. According to Loland "cheating is an attempt to gain an advantage by violating the shared interpretation of the basic rules of the parties engaged without being caught and held responsible for it. The goal of the cheater is that the advantage gained is not eliminated or compensated for". Most commentators find cheating both logically and morally completely unacceptable since it is an exploitation of those who are competing in good faith by intentionally trying to gain an illicit advantage. The incompatibility thesis states that it is logically impossible to win games if you cheat."
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Steroids in Baseball, 2005.
A look at the effects of steroids on the game of baseball and its players.
3,617 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This comprehensive paper examines the effects of steroids on baseball. It looks at the problems that major league baseball has had, states the effects of steroids, shows the changes in the numbers of the games, and finds major fault with major league baseball's testing policy in contrast with Olympic testing. Furthermore, the paper gives evidence of student athletes who have died because of the steroid 'nandrolone decanoate' and presents evidence to support the theory that rich players, such as Barry Bonds, will never be caught because the current policy does not take into account masking agents.
From the Paper
"Major League Baseball is testing. However, its testing like much of the legal system in the United States of America is both arbitrary and capricious. The current policy hones in on the poor steroid users if you will. It catches the young players who are trying to make it to the big leagues, the ones who do not have the money to afford expensive creams. The prime examples of this are the numerous players from the Seattle Mariners farm system who got caught using steroids. Are these minor leaguers, these men who are not chasing any records but whom are trying to make it to the big show, are these the only players in all of Baseball using steroids? Probably not, but at thirty thousand dollars a year its pretty hard to buy those expensive creams that can not be detected."
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Performance-Enhancing Drugs, 2005.
An examination of the issues concerning steroid use in sports, with a focus on baseball.
1,455 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how performance-enhancing drugs, such as steroids, should be banned in professional baseball for many reasons. It contends that, besides the devastating damage and effects they impose upon the human body, steroids should be banned because they diminish the glory of the real baseball heroes.
From the Paper
"Steroids, especially the anabolic type, impose devastating effects and damage to the human body. Anabolic steroids are the steroids that are most widely used to enhance performance. They are called "anabolic" because they are the synthetic version of the naturally occurring hormone, testosterone and are built up into complex living tissue (Shapen, 2005). The adverse effects of anabolic steroids are countless. One expert, Dr. Enrique Beckmann states that, "androgenic anabolic steroids cause hypertension, heart attacks, sudden cardiac death... liver tumors, jaundice... enlarged prostate, depression, aggression, and hostility" (Chico, 2005)."
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Ethical Issues in Sports, 2005.
Use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes in professional sports.
1,728 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper offers a critical examination of ethical issues in professional sports, using theories and ideas from well-known experts in the field. After a brief look at the role of sports throughout history, the paper focuses on the importance of winning and the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. It questions the widespread use of drugs in the pursuit of victory and critically examines the reasons that this practice is forbidden.
From the Paper
"Avid interest in sports affects the entire world, from soccer in Europe to ice hockey in Russia. Sports were important in ancient times to the Greeks and Romans, and to Native American cultures as well. Robert Simon points out in his book Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport that "participation in sports, and the related activity of play, are characteristic of most, if not all, human societies" (2)."
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Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate, 2001.
Examines this nutritional supplement and explores its use.
3,163 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
HMB (beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate) is a patented amino acid metabolite that was discovered at Iowa State University. Supplemental HMB increases lean muscle mass, strength, and VO2 Max, while increasing fat loss. This paper examines the scholarly and peer-reviewed literature and relevant online sources to determine just what HMB is, how it works, and who should or should not use it. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion. The paper includes an appendix, "Comparison of Daily Costs of Various Nutrition Supplements Used by Athletes," which is not included in the word count
From the Paper
"HMB is produced naturally by the human body and can also be found in foods like catfish and grapefruit; however, it may not be practical or advantageous for athletes to consume these foods on a regular basis (Armsey & Green, June 1997, 9). HMB is used in order to boost strength levels, enhance muscle gains in size and prevent muscle tissue breakdown which can occur during periods of intensive exercising because scientists believe that HMB aids in the body's attempt to minimize protein breakdown. By minimizing the breakdown, HMB helps the body recover faster from exercise and leads to quicker strength and muscle gains. In sports and body building circles, HMB is known for its ability to promote fat loss and enhance muscle growth. HMB appears to upgrade the body's natural potential to build muscle and burn body fat by minimizing the muscle tissue breakdown that occurs after intense exercise sessions."
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The Commercialization of Football, 2003.
An analysis of the benefits of the commercialization of football.
2,046 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the commercialization of football has benefited the game and pushes players to being the very best. It looks at how it has improved the quality of the game and given talented players the opportunity to make the most of their capabilities, with the final benefit going to national teams because of the experience that players have gained from training and playing with the best clubs in the world.
From the Paper
"The commercialization of football teams is not only important for the team itself, but it is important from the economic point of view. As Kevin Roberts says in the "Global Game," which was published by Football Culture, "in our shrunken, money-driven world, talent is the most prized commodity of them all" (Roberts qtd in "The Global Game"). The player who has this "commodity" has the right to sell it to the highest buyer. Professional sports are an area for very great business profits. In 1996, it was calculated that the people spent over 25 billion dollars a year on sports goods and "sports related expenditures" (Linberry 19). This figure does not include the sales profits made from marketing products during sporting events or through the backing of a popular athlete (19)."
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Student Athletes.
This paper is a personal essay discussing the truth about collegiate student athletes.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 0 sources, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that college student athletes must get good grades to be able to complete. The author believes that student athletes have to work twice as hard as other students on campus because not only do they have the same everyday class work, but also they have double practices, weights, and six hours of mandatory study tables every week for first-semester freshmen. The paper relates that, more often than not, student athletes have to pay for some of their education; the only teams that truly give away full-ride scholarships at this university are football, basketball, and, in some instances, hockey.
From the Paper
"When thinking of a collegiate student-athlete, most would think they get off easy; but the reality of it all is that they are some of the hardest working people in colleges and universities today. Before sitting down to talk with one, I thought that all student-athletes automatically were accepted to a college because they were going to be an athlete there. They all were given free educations if they were going to be playing a varsity sport. Also, I thought that not only were they not at all smart, but also they didn't learn anything because they were given tutors that did all their work for them."
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National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2002.
A discussion on the role of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and whether it does more harm than good.
2,257 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the role of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in making sure that the purpose of colleges is not corrupted by the high-dollar sports industry. The paper also describes some of the problems that arise from the NCAA's effort to fulfill that role.
From the Paper
"It is important to understand the particulars of the crimes committed before one can properly begin assigning culpability. The University of Alabama has been involved with so many incidents of this nature in the past decade that it would be impractical to visit each one. Alabama is a good model to show the effects of greedy boosters and coaches, because they have an infraction for each category of misconduct under scrutiny. Logan Young of Memphis and two other boosters were involved in several acts of recruiting misconduct involving several Memphis area high school players. (Birmingham1) Young was a wealthy Memphis area booster who prided himself on being a "recruiting junkie", and was in the business of providing the University of Alabama football program with "blue chip" high school athletes. (NCAA)"
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Creatine, 2003.
A critical analysis of the sports-related, ergogenic claims made for the drug, Creatine.
3,345 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 68.95
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Abstract
A number of ergogenic substances are used to augment performance in a given domain today. In sports, such substances are generally used to assist athletes in performing with more speed and strength and to endure more pain than normal. An example of an ergogenic aid is creatine. This innocuous chemical has also assumed some new relevance in amateur and professional sport settings, and its use in a training regimen has been called into question in recent months. To this end, this paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine precisely what creatine is, how it is used, and what its implications for athletes might be. A summary of the research and recommendations for its use are provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The competition is tough, certainly, but because sports programs are supposed to promote a healthier lifestyle, the social circumstances of adolescents and their athletic participation greatly influence their substance use behaviors; as a result, promoting a social climate among athletics that promotes a chemical supplementation regimen in place of more traditional exercise and healthy living factors smacks of hypocrisy, is contrary to logic, and makes no sense in an otherwise-zero tolerance drug enforcement setting."
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Baseball in the United States, 2005.
An analysis of baseball in the United States as a social institution.
5,059 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes baseball in the United States. The paper reviews Warren Goldstein's "Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball," David Voigt's "America Through Baseball," and John Helyar's "Lords of the Realm". The paper provides an overview of these books about baseball to assess the effectiveness of the authors in their presentations. This is followed by an analysis of Ken Burn's 1994 documentary, "Ken Burns' Baseball," to determine baseball's implications as a product of the broader U.S. society and culture in which it developed, an analysis of the changing social reality of both baseball players and their fans, and an examination of baseball as a social, aesthetic, and religious metaphor.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, the sport of baseball is a fairly simple bat-and-ball game, with just a few primary rules to help run the game. Baseball is played between two teams comprised of nine players each on a field that is marked out in the form of a diamond, with a base at each corner. Players try to hit the thrown baseball with a bat, and the players try to score by completing a circuit of bases. A "home run" is simply a complete circuit of the bases on just one hit. On the other hand, baseball has evolved into something that is much more than just a sport, having assumed the preeminent status of "America's sport," the "president's sport," and "America's favorite pastime." Indeed, many baseball fans have elevated the major stars of the sport to near-godlike status, and despite some rocky times during the last part of the 20th century, the sport appears to be gaining in popularity today."
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