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Whitbread Sailboat Race, 2003.
Determines whether a team can meet the time and budget constraints necessary to enter a sailboat race.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper determines whether a team can meet the time and budget constraints necessary to enter the Whitbread World Sailboat race. It discusses the key processes necessary to build a boat and train a team.
From the Paper
"The team headed by Bjorn Ericksen has identified key processes
necessary to build a boat and train a crew to enter next year's Whitbread World Sailboat Race. The question that remains is whether they ..."
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Comparative Analysis for Curves, 2004.
Compares different fitness centers and presents an implementation plan for a Curves fitness center.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 17 sources, APA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper compares four different fitness centers: Curves Fitness Center for Women, L.A. Fitness, Bally's and Lady of American Fitness with respect to the operating environment of each. The paper presents an implementation plan for a Curves Fitness Center for Women in Germany as the company most likely to succeed in the German fitness sector.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this portion of the study is to offer a comparison off our different fitness center models ..."
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Economic Aspects of the Olympic Games, 2005.
An in-depth economic analysis of how the Olympic Games impacts the city which hosts it.
5,557 words (approx. 22.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes how the Olympic Games impacts the host city economically. It uses New York City as an example of how hosting the Olympic Games in a metropolis area by building up infrastructure and allowing growth in different areas of the business sector. It also shows how hosting the Olympic Games can also have a large economic toll on a city depending upon various factors.
From the Paper
"This data on spending and requirements of funds to host the Olympic Games in the U.S. over the past two decades illustrates the general trend for how allocation of funds has changed. The cost of hosting the Games has increased tremendously, from $363 million in the Winter Games in 1980, to $2.4 billion for the Summer Games in 1996. The amount of funding by government at all levels has increased in order to meet the increased costs of hosting the Games. The percentage of the cost covered by the federal government has decreased, from covering 50% of the costs in the Lake Placid games of 1980, to covering 8% in the Atlanta, Georgia Games of 1996. "
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Taiji Shadow Boxing, 2003.
This paper discusses the basic ideas of Daoism as reflected in the physical practice of taiji shadow boxing.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, as a complementary philosophy to Confucianism, Daoism, which enriches in every way the spiritual and intellectual life of Chinese people, is reflected in the Chinese martial art of taiji shadow boxing. The author points out that taiji boxing, was invented by a Daoist called Zhang Sanfeng in the Ming dynasty on the Wudang Mountain; the name "taiji", which means "the supreme ultimate", itself suggests an essential concept of Daoist cosmology. The paper stresses that, if the forces of the western boxing are like a hard and straight oak tree, the movement of Taiji boxing is more like that of soft reed or bamboo, which knows how to move, how to yield, so it can survive a strong wind; whereas, the oak tree will probably be broken down. Many quotations from the writings of the founders of Daoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi. Symbol included.
Table of Contents
A Brief Introduction to Daoism
The Dao Reflected in the Taiji Boxing
The Name and the Diagram
The Value of Gentleness
The Non-Action
The Dialectics in Taiji Boxing
A Way of Getting Close to the Dao
From the Paper
"Knowing the power of softness, Taiji practitioners learn to yield to the opponent, become even in harmony with the attacker so as to use the strength of the attacker himself. The soft movement of Taiji will control the force not by resist to it but by swinging with it, leading the force to its extreme, transforming it to its natural opposite side again. You can see it clearer in the diagram. When there's a strong positive Yang power coming from one side, the natural way is not to confront it with another Yang force, instead, you guide the force by using the negative Yin force. In this way, there will be no more conflict, the inner harmony is regained. the "non-action" is another important element of Daoism."
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Women Sportscasters, 2005.
A history and analysis of female sports broadcasting.
1,852 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
As women sportscasters are becoming more common place in our era, are they also becoming more respected? This paper explores this question by focusing on actual events and interviews in the sports arena that deal with female sportscasters.
From the Paper
"Traditionally, the sports reporting profession has been dominated by males. Until the mid 1960's, only men had jobs as commentators, reporters and beat writers. A pioneer emerged in Jane Chastain, who is thought to be the first woman to do play-by-play commentary (Schwartz, 1999). By the 1970's, having a female personality involved with the sports broadcast was a growing trend. However, networks typically selected attractive women with no background in sports or journalism. This was the case with CBS, who hired Phyllis George, a former Miss America, to read a scripted piece during the pre game show. She was replaced by Jayne Kennedy, another attractive woman with no related experience in sports broadcasting (Schwartz, 1999). It took until the late 1970's for women to really make a serious impact into sports journalism. "
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The Two Sides of Michael Jordan, 2003.
A review of two biographies: "Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made", by David Halberstam and "The Jordan Rules", by Sam Smith.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews 2 books written about Michael Jordan and summarizes the authors' main points. The paper also gives insights into the authors' choices of their characterizations of Jordan. The paper concludes that Smith's depiction of "Goliath" (Jordan's nickname) as less considerate and compassionate than Jordan's public relations machine wanted the public to believe is probably the more accurate of the two.
From the Paper
"Chicagoans, basketball fans and basically everyone in the world knows that Michael Jordan is the most affable person/celebrity alive. Or do they? While publicly Jordan is quick to flash a smile, crack a joke or otherwise be wholesomely genuine in his agreeableness, does that attitude carry over behind closed doors? Jordan is the subject of countless commercial ads, the target of more Make-a-Wish foundation wish requests than any other athlete/celebrity, and continues to be sought after in many capacities based on his perceived likeability and commercial ability. In which case, there must be some truth to the phenomena of Michael Jordan being a naturally sociable person, right? Surely, it is not fathomable that the saintly Jordan could be a devil in disguise, that he was so valuable that everyone around him protected his image at all costs. Jordan was a fierce competitor on the court and presented a teddy-bear image off it, which sincere or phony, he used to win over the world."
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Strength Training for Endurance Athletes, 2005.
An analysis of strength training and the benefits of endurance for athletes.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how to bio-mechanically improve running performance and the important role of strength training in this endeavor. The author also references relevant research studies, which indicate that endurance athletes can benefit from strength training programs.
From the Paper
"When one thinks of endurance athletes, they typically think of a Kenyan marathon runner or an Ironman Triathlete. While these images are undoubtedly "low-fat," they certainly not considered heavily muscled power athletes. Similarly, one doesn't think of an endurance athlete's training consisting of "hitting the weights" three to four times a week. Recent research has confirmed that an endurance athlete who is optimally strength-trained has a distinct competitive advantage compared to the athlete who trains only for endurance."
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Performance Enhancing Substances, 2005.
An examination of the use and effects of steroids and other performance enhancing substances.
3,316 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many different types of performance-enhancing substances available in a variety of markets, some legal and some illegal, some targeted toward athletes and some employed more often for recreational usage. It looks at how, despite the many questions that arise while examining issues relating to substance use in athletics, there is still a failure to examine the multitude and magnitude of negative consequences that can potentially follow any use of performance-enhancing substances, legal or otherwise.
Outline
Introduction
Who Uses Performance-Enhancing Substances
Different Types of Performance-Enhancing Substances
Preventative Measures Against Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Monitoring Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Interventions for Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
From the Paper
"Parents should be aware of possible signs that their children are using performance-enhancing substances. If they become worried about substance use, there are a number of interventions that can be utilized. However, performance-enhancing substance use is also monitored on an official level by organizations such as the NCAA. According to Copeland (2002), the testing program utilized by the NCAA was modeled after that in place for Olympic drug testing, with the exception that the International Olympic Committee does not issue sanctions on athletes for some infringements of drug policies. "
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Age, Anabolic Steroids and Athletes, 2005.
A research paper to assess the effect of age and steroids on an athlete's performance, aggression and anxiety.
4,327 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 21 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research study to answer three questions to improve knowledge within the physiological and psychological fields of sport science. The first and second questions studied are the effect of anabolic steroids on an athlete's performance and aggression personality measure. The third research question aims to find out if older athletes (aged 35-45 years) experience higher anxiety than younger athletes.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Research Question One
Research Question Two
Research Question Three
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There is debate as to whether older people are really at lower risk for depressive disorders, or whether endorsement of symptoms is low. A study by Christensen et al, (1999) assessed the effects of age on anxiety and depression, and examined whether age had direct effects on self-report of individual symptoms independent of its effect on the underlying dimensions of anxiety and depression. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the structure of the items and their associations with age and a number of demographic variables. They sampled 2622 participants aged between 18 and 79 years. Results found that both scales were found to fit satisfactorily to a two factor model. Items with direct age effects reflected physical (feeling slowed down; waking early) and psychological (hopeless about the future) components of depression."
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Snowboarding, 2005.
This paper is a personal essay arguing against snowboarding fakes and posers.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 0 sources, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that more and more snowboarders care more about looking cool than busting out a new trick, which has given the sport a bad reputation from these fake boarders who do all the trash talking and none of the actual riding. The author points out that a poser is any boarder who exaggerates and lies about their skills as a rider to impress an interested spectator; therefore, the social crimes committed by these unethical posers must be stopped by the true boarders who cherish their favorite sport. The paper relates that, to handle these villains of the snow, just ignore their stories or publicly embarrass them in front of preferably a large group of boarders.
From the Paper
"When you didn't physically see your "friend" go down the whole run, of course you should believe him that he pulled off that huge 540 tail grab. Obviously if you did not see it happen it has to be true. Most importantly, the majority of the time we're not physically on the mountain showing off our skills. Does this mean whichever boarder can tell a better story is the greater of the two? You know that's not true, but a gullible snow-bunny might not think the same. So when the poser is lying to impress the snow-bunny, all you can do is sit back and hear the trash come spewing out of his mouth like upchuck. There's no point of blocking him from this and making yourself look like the worse of the two. Are you going to put up with this winter outrage? So ask yourself, when the mountain closes what chair are you going to be in?"
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Steroid Use in Sports, 2006.
A discussion on the wide use of steroids in the sports arena.
2,108 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
In today's world, excelling in sports requires more than just natural ability. This paper examines the fact that many sports stars' exceptional abilities are inevitably linked to performance enhancing drugs. It looks at how, due to the pressure from all sides to perform well, some athletes resort to taking steroids to enhance their athletic ability.
From the Paper
"Ben Johnson, the Canadian Olympic sprinter was stripped of his gold medal in the 1988 summer games after testing positive for steroids. Later he would admit to have taken up to three injections of steroids as well as three injections of human growth hormone (Cicero, 1990, p.1). Steroids turn the human body into this super human like machine. With all the pressures to succeed in professional sports today, performance-enhancing drugs seem to be the answer. The demand for stardom and multi-million dollar contracts has become a need for today's athlete, so much that they are willing to reach it by any means necessary. Professional boxing star, David Tua, who had always struggled with his weight, was tested positive for the banned stimulant ephedrine."
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Performance Enhancing Drugs, 2005.
Argues for stronger penalties for athletes who are caught using performance enhancing drugs.
1,381 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
Today, the list of performance enhancing drugs is vast. It spans from steroids to nutritional supplements, from synthetic drugs to natural ingredients, from prescription drugs to over-the-counter medicines. These drugs are criticized and analyzed for their safety, legality and morality. This paper argues against the use of performance enhancing drugs in sports. It mentions athletes in the history of sports who, knowingly or unknowingly, used drugs. It also shows how athletes can be discouraged from using drugs through the introduction of stricter penalties.
From the Paper
"Not many athletes are standing up proudly and shouting about their steroid abuse. Mark McGuire and Raphael Palmeiro have denied their steroid use, even after testing positive. For many Olympic events, we have heard the rumors of whole teams using steroids. East German sports boss, Manfred Ewald, was convicted of doping his athletes. At the 2000 Olympic Games in Sidney, China removed four of its swimmers for failing drug test. We have seen our beloved Olympic heroes follow the same path. Michelle Smith, gold medalist in the 400 freestyle, was banned for 4 years for steroid use."
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Cancer and Exercise, 2005.
A report looking at the benefits of exercise in relation to cancer patients.
2,425 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This report focuses on how exercise relates to cancer in different settings and stages, in terms of preventive, treatment, and post-treatment options. While the report does not recommend that exercise therapy be used to replace accepted means of cancer treatment, it does recommend that exercise therapy be used to augment that treatment.
From the Paper
"Another issue that is associated with cancer patients and exercise is assessing patient strength to undergo cancer therapy by doing tests based on physical fitness and exercise level. This is shown in screening measures in many different tests, including cardiovascular and pulmonary tests that are designed to get the patient's exercise level before more extensive cancer treatment is sought. "Although the relationship between the patient's performance status and pulmonary function is well documented, a stronger correlation has been found between dyspnoea and the results of exercise tests. (4) This indicates that exercise capacity is not dependent on pulmonary function alone. There are several other factors: cardiac function, hemodynamic performance, and peripheral tissue oxygen utilization" (Win et al., 2005). Therefore exercise levels are very important to testing and assessment as well, in terms of exercise in reference to different kinds of cancers and treatments."
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Creatine, 2006.
A paper looking at whether creatine supplements are a help or a hazard.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the athletic and medicinal uses of creatine supplements. The paper further explains the many benefits of creatine supplements, as well as their potential negative side-effects. The paper concludes that, while creatine clearly has certain benefits, anyone considering a program of creatine supplementation should not make a decision without fully weighing both the advantages and disadvantages of such a program, and further, such a program should not be undertaken without the supervision of a physician.
From the Paper
"Creatine is an amino acid that is bound to phosphate, to form phosphocreatine or creatine phosphate, and is stored in muscles as a form of energy. During high intensity exercise, the phosphocreatine is metabolized, and the energy released from the broken bond is used to regenerate adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, which is the body's primary energy source. As the stored phosphocreatine is depleted during a bout of exercise, the body is no longer able to sustain the same intensity of activity. By supplementing the body's natural stores of phosphocreatine with creatine supplements then, theoretically the body should be able to sustain high intensity exercise for longer periods of time and therefore see more muscular gains."
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