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Sports and the Industrial Revolution, 2008.
A look at the ways in which the industrial revolution changed social and cultural life and how it impacted sports and leisure activities.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that the industrial revolution brought to the world of leisure and sports. It discusses why the industrial revolution impacted sports at all and the ways in which it did. The paper also looks at the ways that social and cultural life changed and the relationship this had to sports and leisure at the time. The paper contains appended original sources.
From the Paper
"As we see, the industrial revolution brought profound changes to much of the world. Social and cultural life changed completely. While some aspects of sport and leisure remained unchanged, in that people continued to do some of the things they loved, other aspects of sport and leisure were profoundly changed. For one thing, people simply had more leisure. In addition, the growth of mass culture brought change to sport. For example, the phenomenon of mass venues for hundreds of spectators, not seen since the Greek and Roman times, was revived. In addition, there was a growing awareness that the industrial revolution had caused lifestyles to become less active, and this led to a growing awareness of the need for recreational sport. However, it would be a long time before physical education was widely offered to the masses. In particular, the working class, girls and women would wait a long time before they would be able to benefit from such education."
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The Game or the Green?, 2008.
This paper refutes the contention that professional athletes are motivated only by money and not by the love of the sport.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that professional athletes are not involved in sports just for the money; there are also psychological factors at work, such as self-esteem and self-satisfaction. The paper explains that while it is commonplace to dismiss professional athletes as greedy and spoiled, they are deserving of the money they are offered for doing something better than anyone else.
From the Paper
"To begin with, many athletes do what they do because they want to prove something to themselves. For example, when Canada's Billy "The Kid" Irwin fought his last fight in February of 2005 against world lightweight boxing champion, Juan Diaz, he was motivated to do so largely because he wanted to prove Diaz's handlers wrong; that he was not some mere stepping-stone for the young champion from Texas. In fact, Irwin quickly made it clear to at least one Canadian writer who had gone to Houston to cover the fight that this fight would really be his last fight - even though a victory would obviously mean huge sums of money (Maich, 40-43). For this athlete, earning respect at age 36 was more important than earning money."
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The Elderly and the Theory of Planned Behavior, 2008.
A review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment related exercise to show the facets of the theory.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of the article "Does the theory of planned behavior elements mediate the relationship between perceived constraints and intention to participate in physical activities? A study among older individuals" by A. Konstantinos, B. Vasilis, and T. Charalampos. The paper focuses on how the article effectively uses qualitative research to understand a particular aspect of human development within an empirical human development study. The paper also attempts to determine whether the article was conducted within the necessary specific criteria for qualitative research. The paper concludes that the article seems to have followed the necessary specific requirements, although certain elements remain somewhat questionable.
From the Paper
"The results of the model showed that given the facets of the TPB, participants' behavior and attitude towards exercise was significantly correlated with the actual amount of exercise undertaken. The predictive aspect of the TPB was also validated by the participants who were contacted after the initial study. Overall, this conclusion was validated by triangulating the data, since the human development experiment was to test a very well known theory - theory of planned behavior, and the authors validated this result with other known experiments and the original empirical construct. The literature review conducted was comprehensive and gave a clear picture of what this particular article was adding to the literature, however, the necessary use of different sources, methods, and investigations was rather comprehensive."
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Adidas' "The Impossible is Nothing" Advertising, 2008.
An analysis of the style, presentation, appeal and targeting of Adidas' "The Impossible is Nothing" advertisements.
2,565 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes "The Impossible is Nothing" advertisement in which Adidas employs David Beckham, the English football star and international sports icon. The paper discusses the primary and secondary targets of the advertisement and how Adidas is successful in targeting them. It also describes the style and artistic composition of the advertisement, the symbols it employs and its intellectual appeal. In addition, the paper discusses the advertisement's format and presentation and how successful it is.
From the Paper
"This marketing campaign will be very effective at changing and shaping the perceptions of the audience because its message is universal. That life presents challenges and impediments to all people regardless of income, sports star status, and image. The message is that everything is impossible is nothing is ever attempted. Regardless of outcome Adidas has crafted a message that does not emphasize winning or losing but rather the act of attempting something impossible just for the sake of doing so even when the outcome is recognized to perhaps not result in riches or even in success. The idea is that the attempt is worth the effort and Adidas wants to be the shirt or the shoes or the equipment that the consumer has on when attempting the impossible regardless of outcome."
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Hockey and Canada's Identity, 2008.
This paper examines hockey's role in Canada's search for an all-embracing national identity.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what being "Canadian" means. In other words, the writer looks at the essence of the Canadian national identity. The writer notes that this is a surprisingly difficult question to answer and that it will not suffice to say that being Canadian means not-being-American! In this essay, the difficulties inherent in defining Canadian national identity are discussed. Furthermore, the paper argues that hockey has gained even greater symbolic currency in recent years as one of the few institutions that one still imagines to be truly Canadian.
From the Paper
"There are not many countries in the world where people wonder as much about their national identity as in Canada. Most Iraqis, for example, seem pretty clear about who they are, as do most South Africans, most Americans, most Brits, etc. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that Canada maintains allegiance to the British queen, despite the fact that most Canadians will never see her Majesty, or stand under the grey skies of Great Britain - and at the same time, we are neighbours to the greatest, most dominant empire ever seen on the planet, i.e. the USA. Perhaps it is this that leads Canadians to their sense of confusion - we're no longer British, we definitely don't want to be American - so what are we? Moreover, it does not help that NAFTA, globalization and a spreading global mono-culture are clouding the issue further."
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Canada's Hockey Culture, 2008.
This paper examines the role of the media in Canada's hockey culture.
1,482 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how the media has constructed hockey along class and along ethno-linguistic lines. The paper looks at how hockey has been aggressively associated with violence and primitiveness and how these features have therefore been associated with working-class Canadians. The paper shows how hockey culture in Canada is an illustration of the tensions and preoccupations of Canadian society as a whole.
From the Paper
"The most obvious thing that springs to mind is that the media in Canada has enjoyed - if "enjoyed" is the right word - a curious relationship with the game of hockey. For one thing, ancient accounts of the game when it was first pushing its way into the commercial mainstream of Canadian society at the turn of the twentieth century seem to reveal a "chattering classes" that was acutely conscious of class divides. Specifically, newspaper accounts of the old International Hockey League that briefly survived from 1904 to 1907 suggest that the violence of the sport was rooted in its close association with working-class Canadians who played the professional game and who supported the professional game in large numbers (Mason & Duquette, 2004)."
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Tsunami Club Critique, 2008.
A critique of the Tsunami Club's physical exercise program with recommendations for improvements.
1,756 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques a program of the Tsunami Club, which specializes in karate, Japanese judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu for children aged 3-17 of both sexes. The paper focuses on this club because of its comprehensive programs involving judo that has been developed coast to coast and because the children's entire physical activity centers on them. The paper describes the program and concludes with recommendations for its improvement. a copy of an advertisement for the Tsunami Club is appended to the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction/Description
Program Critique
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Judo can be used effectively with children who have emotional, developmental and behavioral problems because they learn the power of concentration. The program should be expanded over the Toronto area as a teaching strategy for such children. Mannion (5) states that "the kicks, stances, punches and grappling of martial arts are a good way for children with behavioral problems to channel their aggression". At the same time, judo is not about the external so that teachers need to ensure that students are internalizing the lessons."
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Hockey and Canadian Civic Pride, 2008.
An examination of the way that Canadian civic pride and hockey are no longer interrelated.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the interrelated issues of civic pride and identity and the challenges of retaining big league sports teams in Canadian cities. The paper argues that the sources of civic pride are changing, such that hockey is no longer the chief or only source of a sense of civic pride and identity in Canadian cities. Moreover, the paper argues that this is a good thing, as hockey has become increasingly commercialized and public money should not end up in the private pockets of franchise holders.
From the Paper
"Fortunately, as we have seen, civic identity and pride is no longer tied exclusively to hockey in Canada. People have grown up and moved on. This is a good thing, as hockey at the same time has morphed into a big-money sport that makes only a very few people richer - mainly just the franchise owners. It is untenable and unconscionable for people to be denied food, healthcare and housing, while taxpayers' money is poured into the pockets of already wealthy franchise owners. This will mean that more Canadian cities will see the departure of their teams to the big, wealthy cities of the USA's sunshine belt. It seems that Canadians will simply have to root their civic pride and identity in benefits for all, and learn to watch the games from afar. Fortunately, most of us have television!"
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The Hockey Lock-out, 2008.
This paper discusses the reasons for the bitter divide between the National Hockey Players' Association and the National Hockey League in 2004 and 2005.
1,135 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the break-down of trust between the National Hockey Players' Association and the league in 2004 and 2005. The paper argues that the unfortunate labor relations which characterized the situation were largely because both sides allowed personal considerations, past wrongs and egos to get in the way of a dispassionate treatment of the matters at hand. The paper discusses how although the issues themselves were complicated and defied easy resolution, the stubbornness of both parties made the problem worse than it needed to be.
From the Paper
"The 2004-05 National Hockey League lock-out caused great consternation among hockey fans while simultaneously bringing into sharp relief the tensions between professional hockey players and hockey management. For example, neither side was prepared to make any concessions to the other (the players certainly were not) and thus a host of issues - minimum salaries, playoff bonuses, operation of the arbitration process, revenue sharing (something the owners were less-than-enthusiastic about), higher player fines for misbehavior, and the number of games on the regular-season schedule - were left "on the table" at a time when they should have really, conclusively, been dealt with (Staudohar, 23-29). As a long-time hockey observer, this writer is left to wonder whether or not the intransigence of the players was rooted in a deep-seated suspicion of hockey management because of the decades-long mistreatment of players by the ownership of the league."
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John B. Lee's "The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition", 2007.
This paper discuses the ways in which the poems in John B. Lee's book "The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition" contribute to the mythology of hockey as a quasi-religion.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the poems in John Lee's "The Hockey Player Sonnets: Overtime Edition" are myths not because they attribute hockey to divine intervention or planning but rather because they contribute to establishing a man--made spiritual world, a religion of hockey for Canada. The author points out that the poems contribute to the mythology of Canadian hockey in that they are a system of hereditary stories, which explains the rationale for social customs and observances. The paper relates that the mythology of hockey is clearly a male mythology even though females have been trying to join it for some time. The author concludes that this idealized world of Canadian hockey is very well mirrored by Lee's poems so that they, in themselves, contribute to the hockey mythology of Canada. The paper quotes some of the poems from this book and analyzes them.
From the Paper
"This is a regrettable state of affairs for all those women who would like to be more included in hockey. However, the fact of the matter is that most mythology has been male - male mythology created by males for other males. Consider the very earliest mythology, Homer's "Odyssey" and "Iliad". Both of these are stories of male endeavours - lyrical hymns to the traditionally male pastimes of war and conquest, rape and pillaging. The only role the women play is to stay home and wait, as Penelope does so very well. The fact that this mythology was exclusively male does not mean it is not mythology."
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A Teacher's Self-Evaluation, 2008.
This paper offers an evaluation of a lesson taught to third grade students.
1,121 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The writer examines the strengths and weaknesses of her lesson on bicycle safety to third grade students. The writer commends the lesson's interactive nature and criticizes its occasional halting delivery and the over-abundance of statistics. The writer concludes that overall, she learned a great deal about working with young children.
From the Paper
"The implementation of the project (the teaching seminar or lesson) was complicated by the students to the extent that they were quite young - they were chiefly eight years of age. This is an interesting age to be a child, for it is at this age that they really begin to articulate a desire to learn things (they can almost converse at an adult level) and they also are emotionally turbulent, happy one moment, displeased and brooding the next (Destefanis & Firchow, 2004). Given this, and given the general developmental stage of the children involved, the teacher was actively encouraged to participate in the "guiding phase" of the proceedings. Happily, Mrs. Jones proved a most congenial and professional assistant and facilitated the smooth operation of the activities comprising the lesson."
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Bicycle Safety, 2008.
A lesson plan for a third grade class that aims to encourage the use of safety helmets for bicycles.
1,783 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper develops an age and developmentally appropriate lesson plan for a third grade class to promote the use of safety helmets when riding bicycles. The paper describes how the lesson will encourage class participation and will use the inherent developmental characteristics of eight year-olds to belong to a group to provide positive peer pressure. The paper explains that the lesson is also designed to provide reasons why the wearing of helmets is necessary for personal safety and to prevent injury.
From the Paper
"There are 85 million bicycle riders in the United States, and 540,000 of them visited them emergency room, of those 67,000 had head injuries, 27,000 required hospitalization, and 45 to 85 percent of the brain injuries could have been prevented by a helmet. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) About half of the bicycle deaths were children under 15. The use of helmets vary greatly in different sectors of society by orders of magnitude, white collar communities helmet use in children is approximately 80%, where inner-city children the use is closer to 10%. (Bicycle Helmet Safety Institute) The targeted community of Lacey, Washington would be classified as a white collar community with a white population of approximately 75% and a medium income of $43,848 (year 2000)."
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Gruneau and Whitson's Hockey Night in Canada", 2007.
This paper analyzes the first chapter of Richard Gruneau and David Whitson's "Hockey Night in Canada: Sport, Identities and Cultural Politics".
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Chapter 1 of Gruneau and Whitson's "Hockey Night in Canada: Sport, Identities and Cultural Politics" offers the reader an introduction to the subject of hockey and the politics of culture. The author points out that the organizing theme of the chapter is the key question: "What has hockey got to do with culture?" The paper relates that the authors do not answer definitively this question; however, they do offer an excellent overview of the various ways in which the reader can approach the question. The author states that it is important to the framework of the book that the definition of culture includes sports, such as hockey. The paper states that the author now understands that there are many legitimate ways in which hockey can be deemed as culture. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"Gruneau and Whitson give notice of this theme when they kick off their chapter with the apparent irony of Yevgeny Yevtushenko saying that Phil Esposito was Canada's greatest poet. In case the reader fails to see the irony, they describe the physical, hyper-masculine world of hockey, contrasting it with the "vaguely effeminate character" of poetry. They also make the point that the average macho hockey player would be loath to be associated with poetry - and by the same token, the average intellectual would be loath to be associated with the (perceived) low-brow world of hockey."
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The United States International Empire, 2008.
This paper explores how the United States gained its unparalleled foothold in the influence of international economy and politics.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Walter LaFeber's "Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism" where LaFeber emphasizes the 'branding of capitalism' concept. The paper also examines Andrew Bacevich's "American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy". The paper utilizes these works to analyze the strength and influence of the United States in the international community.
From the Paper
"Global capitalism has become the dominant force for international relations and economy. Many attribute the innovation of advanced communications and automated systems technology as a driving catalyst in bringing the world 'closer together' (Engardio, 2000, para. 1). However, the United States still remains the most dominant international figurehead in the global arena. Whether the issue is free market trades and tariff issues or military action, the United States has placed itself in a position of precedence that is unrivaled by any other country."
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