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North American University Hockey Association, 2006.
An examination of the North American University Hockey Association (NAUHA).
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the North American University Hockey Association (NAUHA)'s targeted membership and its mission of supporting the growth of university hockey programs throughout North America. The paper examines the NAUHA's values, goals, tactics, organizational structure and its budget. The paper provides a SWOT and SLEEPE analysis and discusses the policy issues of eligibility and gender equity.
Outline:
Targeted Membership
Mission Statement
Values
Goals
Tactics
Organizational Structure
Budget
SWOT Analysis
SLEEPE Analysis
Policy Issues
Rules for Policies
Sanctioning Process
From the Paper
"The North American University Hockey Association is a combination of the NCAA and CIS university hockey teams that play a 30 game season (excluding Christmas tournaments and 2 pre-season games) and than an 8-team playoff system for both women and men. The purpose of the NAUHA is to enrich the educational experience while supporting quality, unity and regulation of men and women's intercollegiate hockey programs in North America. The NAUHA will also govern through bylaws and policies concerning members related to the administration of the association."
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Title IX and Reverse Discrimination, 2007.
This paper explores whether Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has led to reverse discrimination for male athletes.
2,072 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the argument that Title IX, the law about gender equality, has caused reverse discrimination for males in sports. The paper looks at the argument that Title IX has helped bring more funding to women, but has hurt men immensely and has failed to generate any substantial amount of interest in women's sports. The paper explores the research and concludes that Title IX has not led to reverse discrimination. The paper shows how Title IX was not created and enforced to discriminate against men, but rather to provide opportunities for women.
Outline:
Introduction
Progress
Effects
Blame game
The Numbers
Cases
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term Title IX has been thrown around a lot these past few years, however a new question has arisen: Has Title IX led to reverse discrimination in American universities? Title IX is known as a living, breathing law as it has faced over 20 proposed changes. Considering the numerous times the law has been challenged and subjected to reviews, it is hard to understand why anyone would want to change the nation's definition of equality. Since Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was passed, the United States has gone through serious changes in the classroom and on the playing field. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, reverse discrimination is stated as, "discrimination against males (as in employment or education)". Title IX was undoubtedly the savior of women's rights. However, in recent years, Title IX has become the subject of reverse discrimination and has even led national associations to file lawsuits based on the losses of male athletes."
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Marketing Research Proposal: NHL Fan Attendance, 2008.
A marketing research proposal aimed at finding ways to increase the National Hockey League's fan attendance.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This marketing research proposal focuses on the question of how small- market National Hockey League (NHL) teams can increase fan attendance. Its objectives are to determine NHL fan demographics based on different regions, understand what fans want in their NHL experience, why potential fans are not attending NHL games, and where they are spending their entertainment dollars instead. The proposal concludes that is possible for small market NHL teams to increase their fan attendance with the right mix of marketing (promotions, prices, and product) based on the data collected and how the individual teams will use it.
Table of Contents:
Opening
The National Hockey League
Sport Marketing Research Company
Research Problem
Research Objectives
Research Design
Research Timelines
Research Budget
Conclusion
From the Paper
"How can small market NHL teams increase fan attendance? The research problem should recognize the most specific issue facing an organization and the level of need. Why are small market teams struggling to fill arenas even though the overall interest in the NHL has increased since the lockout? Small market teams face many problems but increasing fan attendance would provide the following benefits: an obvious increase in revenue and return on investment, added value to the franchise, increase the interest in corporate sponsorships and also cause an increase in the external aspects of the team such as team merchandise and television ratings. SMRC will travel and analyze specific data for each of the small market teams in the NHL."
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The Kokoda Trail, 2007.
An analysis of the hardships and bonding experienced by the Australians while fighting war on the Kokoda Trail.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper provides accounts of the hardships faced by the Australians while fighting war on the Kokoda Trail. After describing the horrific conditions on the trail, the paper seeks to reveal that a strong sense of mateship between the Australians is what enabled the soldiers to keep fighting and proved to be the difference in defying the invading Japanese. The paper also investigates the applicability of this to today, showing that the trail is still used to encourage mateship within sports teams.
From the Paper
"Captain Phil Rhoden of the 14th battalion recalled: "We warmed ourselves around the fire and we sang and we sang and we sang. We sang a lot of rugby songs. The morale was high. It was great. You felt you were a member of something good."
It was a time when mateship was not contrived or cliched; it was real. Laurie Howson, a soldier of the Australian militia recalled that, "Your mate alongside you became your mother, father and God all rolled into one."
Mateship was, essentially, the advantage and the binding force of the Australian militia, a far cry from the Japanese troops whom, it is recorded, were plagued with inter squadron quarrels."
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Economic Impacts of Stadiums, 2007.
An economic analysis of the impact of sports stadiums on major cities.
2,397 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates what impact a new sports stadium has on the economy of a major city. It particularly focuses on sport stadiums in the city of Pittsburgh. The paper begins by analyzing the pre-construction process of building a stadium. It then discusses its impact on the job market and overall local economy. The paper concludes that a stadium can have a larger impact if it is designed to be a multipurpose building.
From the Paper
"For the past decade, the United States has seen a boom in the building and renovation of sports facilities. This is especially apparent in the city of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has seen two new stadiums erected in the past five years, and is planning to replace the Mellon Arena in the near future. These stadiums are believed to generate economic growth in the central business district, and revive the city's stagnant economy. This is often the motivation stated by other major metropolitan areas that have gone through the process of either wooing or attempting to keep sports franchises in the area. But do sports facilities really deliver on the promises made pre-construction? Is there any evidence that these stadiums produce the jobs and revenue promised to the neighborhoods they are located in? This has been debated heavily recently and the answers are not always apparent, because in the pre-construction planning many of the income and job projections are inflated by the franchise involved. To analyze the impact that stadiums have on the regional economy you first must understand the pre-construction process."
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Title IX and College Sports, 2007.
This paper explores the Title IX legislation and its ramifications for women's participation in athletics.
5,556 words (approx. 22.2 pages), 30 sources, MLA, £ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief historical overview of the role of women in sports. The paper looks at Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 and how judicial interpretation has devalued Title IX policy. The paper argues that a series of court decisions regarding gender equity compliance have effectively dismissed two of the test's three factors and produced a mutated version of the law's founding intent. The paper describes how institutional and agency response to Title IX and to these decisions forces the continual containment of female intercollegiate athletics. Finally, the paper considers the most recent Title IX policy clarifications and concludes that until Title IX is allowed to dismantle the socially constructed dichotomy of femininity and athleticism, it will not eradicate gender inequities. The paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not append a bibliography.
Outline:
Introduction
The Role of Women in Sport-Historical Perspectives
Title IX Policy and Implementing Regulations
Judicial Devaluation of the Three Prong Test
Agency and Institutional Response to Title IX
Title IX at Thirty-The Most Recent Mutation of Gender Equality
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1968, a twelve-year old girl was playing catch with her brother before his Little League baseball game. A roving coach noticed her skilled throws and invited her to join her brother's team. Before the enthusiastic girl could shake her head in emphatic affirmation, the coach nonchalantly outlined a couple of caveats - she could play if she cut her hair short, like a boy, and he would call her "Bob." Not brought up to be a "covert operative," she politely declined. Nearly four decades later, accomplished athlete Dot Richardson told this story to the United States Senate as part of her testimony for the promotion and advancement of women in sports. She was that 12-year-old girl, and in the late 1960s and early 1970s, she began her ascent into womanhood in an era when "female" and "athlete" were mutually exclusive terms. Yet, by 1996, having developed into one of the most formidable shortstops in Olympic history, Richardson helped propel the United States softball team to gold-medal glory."
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The Stanley Cup, 2007.
This paper discusses the Stanley Cup, a trophy in the sport of ice hockey.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Stanley Cup is considered to be the ultimate symbol of mastery in the sport of ice hockey.This essay examines the phenomenon that surrounds the Stanley Cup, and analyzes in detail the reasons that Lord Stanley's trophy elicits such passionate reactions. Comparisons with baseball, one of North America's major sports, are considered, along with specific historical facts. The writer also looks at the impact that the Stanley Cup has had throughout the history of ice hockey in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
Ice Hockey and Baseball's Champion Trophies
A Passionate Response
Variations on a Theme
Traditions, Folklore, Legends and Superstitions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When Lord Stanley, Governor-General of Canada, became interested in the winter sport of ice hockey, along with his wife, daughter and seven sons, he expressed a desire to introduce a challenge trophy for the numerous amateur clubs that were, at that time, playing the sport for the sheer enjoyment of the game."
"The first team to hold the cup was Montreal, after Ottawa refused to play for the right to hold it, due to a misguided belief that the trophy should naturally be in their possession as Lord Stanley's favourite team. This, and the fact that Lord Stanley never saw two teams compete for the cup, due to his return to Great Britian, were the first two historical ironies that occurred following Stanley's donation of the cup in 1893."
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Sports Gambling, 2007.
This paper discusses the matter of sports gambling and argues against gambling.
2,109 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the issue of sports gambling and maintains that gambling is one of the major ethical problems in our society. The writer notes that sports gambling has raised many concerns in society about what it does to the integrity of sports. The paper uses an informal style of writing and is written from a personal point of view. The writer claims that gambling on sports is bad for all professional and collegiate sports. The writer concludes that people need to realize how much gambling takes away from the joy and glory of sports before anything can ever be done to halt it.
From the Paper
"Daly and Barkley have been two of the major public figures in sports who have struggled with a majority of problems in their personal lives due to gambling. The message these two famous individuals are sending is detrimental to America's youth."
"The youth in this country today are the first generation that has extensive access to legalized and government-sanctioned gambling. They also live in an environment where legal and illegal gambling is so easily accessible due to the internet. In a study conducted of 585 students at the University of Lethbridge, in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, 72% of the students were involved in some sort of gambling over a six month time period. During this period time the average amount of time spent involved with gambling was 33.7 hours."
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Steroid Use in High Schools, 2007.
A discussion of the incidence and effects of steroid use among high school student sportsmen.
1,151 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses steroid use in American high schools. It begins by describing the pressure to win in American high school sports and how this pressure impacts the use of steroids in schools. The paper presents two case study examples of student sportsmen who were pressured to take steroids in order to excel in their sport and the effects that it had.
From the Paper
"Victory is likely the most addicting feeling in the world. We have all felt it at one time or another, whether it was when we were young, or when we were old. The feeling that winning gives a person can be compared to the euphoric feeling a person may experience when they are under the influence of a narcotic. Perhaps Alexander Graham Bell said it best, "What this power is, I cannot say. All I know is that it exists...and it becomes available only when you are in that state of mind in which you know exactly what you want...and are fully determined not to quit until you get it." This feeling that is so addictive and powerful that a person would go to great lengths to achieve it. A feeling is the exact reason why young athletes are ruining their lives. The need to have this feeling is why young athletes are introducing their bodies to steroids."
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Sponsorship and Marketing Plan for the Beijing 2008 Olympics, 2006.
An analysis of product strategy (marketing and branding) for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.
2,059 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 27 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Beijing 2008 Olympics within the context of product strategy (marketing and branding). The paper provides recommendations in order to ensure high service quality at the 2008 Games through an examination of the Olympics consumer and his or her expectations. It also looks at key tools in customer service in order to analyze their product strategy.
Table of Contents:
What is a Product Strategy?
Branding as Part of the Product Strategy
Beijing 2008 - The Objective
Beijing 2008 - The Product
The Security Component of the Beijing 2008 Product
Beijing 2008 - The Product Life Cycle
A Different Perspective - the Beijing 2008 PLC
Beijing 2008 - The Brand
What does a Successful Brand do?
Creating the Beijing 2008 Brand
Brand Equity
Brand Contacts
Adding the Beijing Touch to the Olympic Games
Leveraging Secondary Associations
Attracting Sponsors
Beijing 2008 Sponsorship Program: Rights and Benefits
Conclusion
Service Quality as it Impacts the Consumers' Experience
The Characteristics of a Service
The Concept of Service Quality
Expected Service at the Olympics
Service Design Standards
Who is the consumer?
Understanding Consumer Expectations
Selection of Partner Companies
Criteria for the Selection of Sponsors, Partners and Suppliers
The Human Element of a Service
Achieving Service Quality
Use of Tangibles
Enhancing the Service Encounters at Beijing 2008 through Tangibles
Conclusion
Appendices
From the Paper
"The consumer experience commences from the point of decision, i.e. the moment someone makes a choice to attend Beijing 2008."
"As such, the determinants of service quality - reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles - have to be applied to the entire process of attending the Olympics."
"This process would include the purchase of airline tickets, the actual flight to Beijing, ground transfers, hotel accommodation, bank, insurance and communication services, purchase of game tickets and entertainment and cultural experiences."
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The Metro-Sexual Male, 2007.
This paper discusses the contemporary masculine image called the metro-sexual male as demonstrated by soccer super-star David Beckham.
5,850 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that roughness and ruggedness, once the trademarks of masculinity, are being replaced by the image of the metro-sexual male whose masculinity is a function of appearance and style. The author points out that this new masculinity is believed to be caused by (1) the shift created by the women's movement, which brought men and women on equal footing, (2) simple economics with men needing to be well-groomed to be more competitive in a tightening job market and (3) the proliferation of media and the changing face of consumerism. The paper discusses in detail the ascent of soccer (football) star David Beckham, who came into public consciousness precisely when the world was changing its perception of heroes and idols, thus extending his fame far beyond sports to become the ultimate personification of the metro-sexual male.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Rise of the New Males
Celebrities as Icons of Masculinity
Sports Stars as Models of Masculinity
David Beckham: The True Metro-Sexual
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Part of the ideals of the metrosexual is an element of confusion on the subject of sexuality. This is evident in the print ads that celebrate this new male image, which combines many of the traditional traits of femininity and masculinity that makes man a study in contradictions. An example is the Versace ad that appeared in the November 2004 issue of GQ, depicting three men. Two of the men are leaning toward the camera, while the third man is sitting and leaning on the man ... However, their looks and position hint some homosexuality in the proportion, despite which they seem very comfortable with each other."
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Popular Culture, 2007.
A popular culture analysis, with a focus on sport.
2,631 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains and defines popular culture in terms of its historical development and social meaning. The idea of a qualitative content analysis is also explained and a qualitative content analysis of sport and certain overlapping forms of popular culture is then conducted.
Outline:
Introduction
Popular Culture
Historical Development
Defining Popular Culture
Qualitative Content Analysis
Sport
Qualitative Content Analysis Of Sport
Contextualisation
Social Context
Political Context
Economic Context
Historical Context
Conceptual Analysis
Ideology
Hegemony
Representation
Globalisation
Interrelatedness
Conclusion
Sources Consulted
From the Paper
"The wealthy corporations of the world mostly produce modern day popular culture in bulk, whereas in the past, popular culture was produced and used by individual people. This idea of bulk selling can be seen in the television and film cultures specifically. In this way, modern popular culture is produced to be used as a product for consumption of the masses. In the past, all societies have had forms of popular culture (Gitlin, 1981). Since the early part of mans history, people have begun to spontaneously create forms of popular culture. Early man created artistic expressions of meaning in the form of cave art, which served as art, as well as a primitive form of writing. In ancient Rome, the people were accustomed to seeing street shows and singers in travelling carnivals. These examples translate into forms of high culture in modern times."
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Strength Training for Endurance Athletes, 2007.
An analysis of the physiological advantages to strength training in endurance athletes.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the positive effects of strength training for endurance athletes. It suggests that an endurance athlete who is optimally strength-trained has a distinct competitive advantage compared to the athlete who trains only for endurance. The paper details many of the physiological changes that can be expected with endurance training and with strength training.
From the Paper
"There are several adaptations associated with an athlete performing endurance training exclusively. Aerobic endurance training produces increases in VO2 max, but has no hypertrophy effect on muscles (Holloszy et al, 1984) (Hickson et al, 1988). In fact, in prolonged endurance training, muscle fiber size has actually been shown to decrease (Terados et al, 1986), presumably to allow more efficient transfer of O2 to working muscles though this hasn't been proven (Yessis, 2000). If an athlete is attempting to increase their ground forces while running, then obviously muscular atrophy would be detrimental to this goal, unless the strength of the smaller diameter muscles was greater than that of the relatively more hypertrophied muscle group. Therefore, the concept of an endurance athlete performing endurance training exclusively would be disadvantageous to running faster times, as the limitations inherent in a given athlete's ability to increase stride frequency, stride rate and ground force creation would be limited once a certain level of proficiency is reached. That level is different for every athlete, but the point is that once running mechanics are sufficiently advanced that the athlete has maximized his/her performance, further improvements are limited by the inability to further increase the associated factors that contribute to that performance."
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Student Recreation Center Attendance, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of factors that affect student recreation center attendance.
3,190 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the gradual decline in activity within the college community sets the stage for a lifetime of negative lifestyle factors that contribute to the onset of obesity as well as diseases such as diabetes, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. The writer conducts research among students in order to determine if a correlation exists between the following independent variables: motivation factors, nutrition factors, fitness background, lifestyle factors, and student recreation center (SRC) attendance. The writer concludes that in contrast to previous research, the results show that lifestyle factors, namely smoking and hours of sleep per night, are not prominent in relation to how often the students attended the SRC.
Outline:
Introduction
Methods
Results
Tables 1-4
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In an effort to eliminate this problem, the Healthy People 2010 initiative includes goals that attempt to eliminate many of the sedentary lifestyle factors that lead to a decreased health status - namely obesity. Unfortunately, these goals completely overlook the college population and are only directed at adults already in the workforce and grade school children; perhaps too young to fully grasp the concept. In another effort to combat lifestyle factors, the Phat Exercise approach, is attempting to implement various methods that will function to boost intrinsic motivation in an effort to increase activity within the college population. The researcher's state four psychological concepts: vision, mastery, flow, and energy, all of which are aimed at helping individuals increase their level of activity enjoyment and thereby increase exercise frequency."
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