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Sports, Culture and the Players of the Game, 2008.
This paper discusses sports and game players and looks at the cultural aspect of this issue.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that with the advent of modern communication and media technologies, sports have become a global industry and have become a channel for cultural and ethnic diversity. The writer investigates the role of sports in promoting cultural exchange. The term cultural exchange is used by the paper to refer to the assimilation or accommodation of practices associated with non-American cultural traditions. Changes in existing perception about a particular culture because of the sports exposure are also assessed. Sports of interest are primarily baseball, basketball as well as American football - sports which have been identified the most with the United States. Current perceptions of the influx of foreign players and its implication to the industry, players and sports fans are also assessed. At the end of the paper, a conclusion is developed as to the effectiveness of sports as a platform of cultural communication.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Assessment
Implications
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
" A good illustration of the case is the recruitment of Yao Ming. His physical stature and sport are not directly associated with the characterization of being Chinese. Joanne Tang points out that the popular characterization of the race has been that they are of diminutive in statures, associated with martial arts or as academics and involved in trade. Chinese athletes have also been more associated with gymnastics, diving and marital arts. Thus, Yao seemed to be distinctly out of character. At the same time, he also didn't subscribe to the idea of a basketball star, appearing even at times recalcitrant to face the public or the media. Baseball's Masanori Murakami experience was also similar. He recalls that though baseball was considered a big sport even in his time, he had to significantly adjust to the intensity of playing in Major League Baseball. One critical difference in perspective that he refers to is that his view of playing baseball before playing in the United States was that it was a profession foremost but in the United States, the celebrity value of athletes is much more pronounced."
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Roy Tarpley and the NBA, 2007.
This paper discusses Roy Tarpley's substance abuse issues and his subsequent suspension from the NBA (National Basketball Association).
1,417 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper describes Roy Tarpley's professional basketball career with the Dallas Mavericks. The paper then identifies Tarpley's drug and alcohol problems that led to him to being permanently banned from the association. The paper discusses the labelling theory and primary and secondary deviance as theories that explain Tarpley's behavior. Finally, the paper looks at the argument that professional athletes can become icons and so they must behave accordingly.
From the Paper
"Roy Tarpley was born on the 28th of November 1964 in New York NY. At seven feet tall, Tarpley was the seventh pick in the 1986 NBA draft out of Michigan [1]. He started his professional basketball career with the Dallas Mavericks, playing as a center-forward [1]. In the five seasons that he played for the Mavericks, Tarpley averaged 12.6 points and 8.2 rebounds [3-4]. With a combination of great running, jumping, shooting, and rebounding skills [2], Tarpley was easily one of the best Maverick players ever. In 1988, just two years after starting his professional career, Tarpley was awarded the all-time NBA sixth man award [5]."
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Sports Drinks, 2008.
This paper discusses the five types of sports drinks available for consumers.
1,537 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at low-carbohydrate drinks that reduce fatigue and promote maximal performance, high-carbohydrate drinks for after exercise that promote glycogen re-synthesis, and protein drinks that provide essential amino acids. The paper also discusses recovery drinks that combine carbohydrates and protein and fat-burner drinks that help for weight loss. The paper concludes by pointing out that sports excellence does not come in a bottle. The paper emphasizes that sports nutrients are meant to supplement a healthy diet with plenty of protein, carbohydrates and healthy fats.
Outline:
Introduction
Low-Carbohydrate Drinks Reduce Fatigue
High-Carbohydrate Drinks Promote Glycogen Re-synthesis
Protein Drinks Provide Essential Amino Acids
Recovery Drinks Combine Carbohydrates and Protein
Fat-Burner Drinks Help You Lose Weight
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Not long ago, the category of sports drinks had one entry. Gatorade originally developed for the Gators football team at the University of Florida, Gatorade became a household word with the once-revolutionary concept that water is not the best thing to drink during exercise."
"When studies confirmed that drinks with electrolytes and simple carbohydrates improved sports performance, a new market segment was born. It has since grown to a billion dollar industry with a large number of entries and an ever-expanding variety of flavors."
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Vince Lombardi: A Case Study in Effective Leadership, 2008.
A case study of Vince Lombardi, a football coach and transformational leader.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the leadership style of Vince Lombardi. It seeks to explain how his early upbringing and the events of his youth influenced him and eventually led him, almost by chance, to his true calling as a football coach. Lombardi is presented as a transformational leader who imposed his own vision of excellence in performance upon team members, while respecting each member as an individual and winning their loyalty and admiration. The paper asserts that his approach to competition and winning is defended against claims of some latter-day critics that Lombardi placed winning above sportsmanship and love of the game. In conclusion, the paper argues instead that the will to achieve peak performance and winning was, to Lombardi, inseparable from sportsmanship, and a natural consequence of love of the game.
Outline:
Introduction
Situation and Environment
Analysis of Lombardi's Leadership Style
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper
"From the very outset, Vince Lombardi acquired and displayed one leadership characteristic with which he would always be associated---a strong belief in the importance of winning against all odds. Regarding the circumstances of his early upbringing as the first-born son of an upwardly mobile Italian-American butcher, David Maraniss observes: "[His parents] worshiped their first son more year by Year. . . . .His family stressed to him that being average was not enough, that he was better than the rest. They played to win, from Grandma Izzo at cards to Father Harry at Scrabble.... No one wanted Vince to spend his life cutting meat" (1999, 22-23)."
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Steroids and Sports, 2008.
This paper discusses the growing use of steroids in sports.
1,660 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that steroid use has increased significantly in the past five years due to the increased competition in sports. The author points out that anabolic steroids enhance an athlete's overall performance; however, the consequences of using steroids are not worth the dangers to which athletes subject their bodies and integrity. The paper reports that steroid use in high school athletes is growing rapidly as young athletes see professionals as role models that are willing to risk their health by taking steroids to achieve athletic goals. The author relates that anabolic steroids are banned in all sports in the United States and most of the world; however, this has not stopped athletes from trying to receive a competitive edge via steroid use. The paper underscores that the reason many athletes are willing to do steroids is because of lack of tough penalties.
From the Paper
"In many sports, such as Major League Baseball, athletes are allowed many strikes and receive fines for using steroids. The current first strike offense in baseball is The policy says that the penalty for a first positive test for steroids is "a 10-day suspension or up to a $10,000 fine", and there is no public identification of players who are fined rather than suspended. Baseball has said that first-time offenders would be publicly identified as having failed a test in addition to a suspension. In the NFL, steroid use is banned. Players are randomly tested, and those testing positive could face game suspensions."
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An Ethical Dilemma in Sports, 2008.
An analysis of the detrimental effects and ethical dilemma of steroid use to enhance athletic performance.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ethics involved in the use of steroids in order to enhance athletic performance, looking at the use of both legal and illegal steroids within sports. The paper also discusses the history of steroid use and its legality within the United States. Finally, the paper looks briefly at the side effects that come with the use of anabolic steroids. The paper contains a table that summarizes the drug schedules and the penalties for violation of the Federal Law, Controlled Substance Act of 1970.
From the Paper
"The use of performance enhancement drugs by many people in our society will not slow down anytime soon. Many negative effects are contributed to the abuse of these drugs but this has not stopped people, especially athletes, from using them. People want to get results faster than they normally would when it come to body image and performance. Our society has become one, of great expectations and demands but not one with a lot of patience. In my opinion in order to get the public to understand the harm about steroids we need to educate ourselves and our children. We have the moral obligation to teach the world and future generations about the ethical dilemmas that this drug and many others bring to the world. We also have the legal authority to helps us spread the message about the harms of steroids through punishment and deterrence but the justice system is concerned with other major crimes. Ethics teach us about what is right or wrong, the only problem is that over time the perception of what is right or wrong has changed tremendously. There are many people who think using drugs is acceptable, while the majority still think it is not. Education is the solution to the ethical dilemma of using steroids in sports."
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Athletics and Intellectually Disabled, 2007.
This paper looks at the benefits of athletics on intellectually disabled individuals.
2,083 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that participating in athletics has proven to be beneficial to the intellectually disabled community in many ways. The writer notes that various organizations throughout the world encourage and promote the involvement of this population in such events. The athletes gain so much from their experiences and the community acknowledges their capabilities. The writer points out that mainstreaming of the disabled into the rest of society promotes the desire for understanding those that are different. The writer notes that there are many organizations that are striving to help the disabled community and are making advancements in society as a whole through their works with the intellectually disabled. The writer concludes that the athletes are obviously benefiting in many ways when they participate in these organizations.
From the Paper
"Prior to the 1960s, intellectually disabled individuals were institutionalized and told that physical activity was damaging to them. That changed when President John F. Kennedy funded a program that tested the physical ability of the intellectually disabled. He was an advocate for this shift in belief because his own sister was of special needs and enjoyed sports. His other sister, Eunice, started having intellectually disabled individuals meet at her home to participate in sports and ever since then, it has become an ongoing belief that sports benefit the intellectually disabled community."
"Often times, the disabled can become isolated within society. People do not understand those with disabilities and often neglect to include them in on activities out of fearing the unknown. Through organizations, such as Special Olympics or Disability Challengers, the intellectually disabled are encouraged to participate in athletic and recreational activities. This helps boost the athletes self esteem and self-worth."
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North American University Hockey Association, 2006.
An examination of the North American University Hockey Association (NAUHA).
1,966 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the North American University Hockey Association (NAUHA)'s targeted membership and its mission of supporting the growth of university hockey programs throughout North America. The paper examines the NAUHA's values, goals, tactics, organizational structure and its budget. The paper provides a SWOT and SLEEPE analysis and discusses the policy issues of eligibility and gender equity.
Outline:
Targeted Membership
Mission Statement
Values
Goals
Tactics
Organizational Structure
Budget
SWOT Analysis
SLEEPE Analysis
Policy Issues
Rules for Policies
Sanctioning Process
From the Paper
"The North American University Hockey Association is a combination of the NCAA and CIS university hockey teams that play a 30 game season (excluding Christmas tournaments and 2 pre-season games) and than an 8-team playoff system for both women and men. The purpose of the NAUHA is to enrich the educational experience while supporting quality, unity and regulation of men and women's intercollegiate hockey programs in North America. The NAUHA will also govern through bylaws and policies concerning members related to the administration of the association."
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Title IX and Reverse Discrimination, 2007.
This paper explores whether Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has led to reverse discrimination for male athletes.
2,072 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the argument that Title IX, the law about gender equality, has caused reverse discrimination for males in sports. The paper looks at the argument that Title IX has helped bring more funding to women, but has hurt men immensely and has failed to generate any substantial amount of interest in women's sports. The paper explores the research and concludes that Title IX has not led to reverse discrimination. The paper shows how Title IX was not created and enforced to discriminate against men, but rather to provide opportunities for women.
Outline:
Introduction
Progress
Effects
Blame game
The Numbers
Cases
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term Title IX has been thrown around a lot these past few years, however a new question has arisen: Has Title IX led to reverse discrimination in American universities? Title IX is known as a living, breathing law as it has faced over 20 proposed changes. Considering the numerous times the law has been challenged and subjected to reviews, it is hard to understand why anyone would want to change the nation's definition of equality. Since Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 was passed, the United States has gone through serious changes in the classroom and on the playing field. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, reverse discrimination is stated as, "discrimination against males (as in employment or education)". Title IX was undoubtedly the savior of women's rights. However, in recent years, Title IX has become the subject of reverse discrimination and has even led national associations to file lawsuits based on the losses of male athletes."
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Marketing Research Proposal: NHL Fan Attendance, 2008.
A marketing research proposal aimed at finding ways to increase the National Hockey League's fan attendance.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This marketing research proposal focuses on the question of how small- market National Hockey League (NHL) teams can increase fan attendance. Its objectives are to determine NHL fan demographics based on different regions, understand what fans want in their NHL experience, why potential fans are not attending NHL games, and where they are spending their entertainment dollars instead. The proposal concludes that is possible for small market NHL teams to increase their fan attendance with the right mix of marketing (promotions, prices, and product) based on the data collected and how the individual teams will use it.
Table of Contents:
Opening
The National Hockey League
Sport Marketing Research Company
Research Problem
Research Objectives
Research Design
Research Timelines
Research Budget
Conclusion
From the Paper
"How can small market NHL teams increase fan attendance? The research problem should recognize the most specific issue facing an organization and the level of need. Why are small market teams struggling to fill arenas even though the overall interest in the NHL has increased since the lockout? Small market teams face many problems but increasing fan attendance would provide the following benefits: an obvious increase in revenue and return on investment, added value to the franchise, increase the interest in corporate sponsorships and also cause an increase in the external aspects of the team such as team merchandise and television ratings. SMRC will travel and analyze specific data for each of the small market teams in the NHL."
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The Kokoda Trail, 2007.
An analysis of the hardships and bonding experienced by the Australians while fighting war on the Kokoda Trail.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides accounts of the hardships faced by the Australians while fighting war on the Kokoda Trail. After describing the horrific conditions on the trail, the paper seeks to reveal that a strong sense of mateship between the Australians is what enabled the soldiers to keep fighting and proved to be the difference in defying the invading Japanese. The paper also investigates the applicability of this to today, showing that the trail is still used to encourage mateship within sports teams.
From the Paper
"Captain Phil Rhoden of the 14th battalion recalled: "We warmed ourselves around the fire and we sang and we sang and we sang. We sang a lot of rugby songs. The morale was high. It was great. You felt you were a member of something good."
It was a time when mateship was not contrived or cliched; it was real. Laurie Howson, a soldier of the Australian militia recalled that, "Your mate alongside you became your mother, father and God all rolled into one."
Mateship was, essentially, the advantage and the binding force of the Australian militia, a far cry from the Japanese troops whom, it is recorded, were plagued with inter squadron quarrels."
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Economic Impacts of Stadiums, 2007.
An economic analysis of the impact of sports stadiums on major cities.
2,397 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates what impact a new sports stadium has on the economy of a major city. It particularly focuses on sport stadiums in the city of Pittsburgh. The paper begins by analyzing the pre-construction process of building a stadium. It then discusses its impact on the job market and overall local economy. The paper concludes that a stadium can have a larger impact if it is designed to be a multipurpose building.
From the Paper
"For the past decade, the United States has seen a boom in the building and renovation of sports facilities. This is especially apparent in the city of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has seen two new stadiums erected in the past five years, and is planning to replace the Mellon Arena in the near future. These stadiums are believed to generate economic growth in the central business district, and revive the city's stagnant economy. This is often the motivation stated by other major metropolitan areas that have gone through the process of either wooing or attempting to keep sports franchises in the area. But do sports facilities really deliver on the promises made pre-construction? Is there any evidence that these stadiums produce the jobs and revenue promised to the neighborhoods they are located in? This has been debated heavily recently and the answers are not always apparent, because in the pre-construction planning many of the income and job projections are inflated by the franchise involved. To analyze the impact that stadiums have on the regional economy you first must understand the pre-construction process."
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Title IX and College Sports, 2007.
This paper explores the Title IX legislation and its ramifications for women's participation in athletics.
5,556 words (approx. 22.2 pages), 30 sources, MLA, £ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief historical overview of the role of women in sports. The paper looks at Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 and how judicial interpretation has devalued Title IX policy. The paper argues that a series of court decisions regarding gender equity compliance have effectively dismissed two of the test's three factors and produced a mutated version of the law's founding intent. The paper describes how institutional and agency response to Title IX and to these decisions forces the continual containment of female intercollegiate athletics. Finally, the paper considers the most recent Title IX policy clarifications and concludes that until Title IX is allowed to dismantle the socially constructed dichotomy of femininity and athleticism, it will not eradicate gender inequities. The paper uses MLA style footnotes but does not append a bibliography.
Outline:
Introduction
The Role of Women in Sport-Historical Perspectives
Title IX Policy and Implementing Regulations
Judicial Devaluation of the Three Prong Test
Agency and Institutional Response to Title IX
Title IX at Thirty-The Most Recent Mutation of Gender Equality
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1968, a twelve-year old girl was playing catch with her brother before his Little League baseball game. A roving coach noticed her skilled throws and invited her to join her brother's team. Before the enthusiastic girl could shake her head in emphatic affirmation, the coach nonchalantly outlined a couple of caveats - she could play if she cut her hair short, like a boy, and he would call her "Bob." Not brought up to be a "covert operative," she politely declined. Nearly four decades later, accomplished athlete Dot Richardson told this story to the United States Senate as part of her testimony for the promotion and advancement of women in sports. She was that 12-year-old girl, and in the late 1960s and early 1970s, she began her ascent into womanhood in an era when "female" and "athlete" were mutually exclusive terms. Yet, by 1996, having developed into one of the most formidable shortstops in Olympic history, Richardson helped propel the United States softball team to gold-medal glory."
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The Stanley Cup, 2007.
This paper discusses the Stanley Cup, a trophy in the sport of ice hockey.
1,137 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Stanley Cup is considered to be the ultimate symbol of mastery in the sport of ice hockey.This essay examines the phenomenon that surrounds the Stanley Cup, and analyzes in detail the reasons that Lord Stanley's trophy elicits such passionate reactions. Comparisons with baseball, one of North America's major sports, are considered, along with specific historical facts. The writer also looks at the impact that the Stanley Cup has had throughout the history of ice hockey in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
Ice Hockey and Baseball's Champion Trophies
A Passionate Response
Variations on a Theme
Traditions, Folklore, Legends and Superstitions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When Lord Stanley, Governor-General of Canada, became interested in the winter sport of ice hockey, along with his wife, daughter and seven sons, he expressed a desire to introduce a challenge trophy for the numerous amateur clubs that were, at that time, playing the sport for the sheer enjoyment of the game."
"The first team to hold the cup was Montreal, after Ottawa refused to play for the right to hold it, due to a misguided belief that the trophy should naturally be in their possession as Lord Stanley's favourite team. This, and the fact that Lord Stanley never saw two teams compete for the cup, due to his return to Great Britian, were the first two historical ironies that occurred following Stanley's donation of the cup in 1893."
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