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Hypnosis in Organized Sports, 2004.
An in-depth examination of the effectiveness of hypnosis in organized sports.
8,457 words (approx. 33.8 pages), 43 sources, MLA, £ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the use of sports hypnosis in organized sports, its theoretical background, its methods of application and, paramount, its effectiveness. This is undertaken through the use of a literature review and through the presentation and assessment of two case studies. The issue of the actual nature of hypnosis is discussed, followed by a discussion about the hypnotic experience, and, briefly, the various uses of hypnosis. The use of hypnosis in sports is then discussed, with a review of relevant literature, and an in-depth look at the two case studies of athletes who were helped by hypnosis.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
What is Hypnosis?
Changes in the Brain During Hypnosis
Uses of Hypnosis
Chapter 2. Literature Review: Uses of Hypnosis in Organized Sports
Heart Centered Hypnosis: An Overview
Case Studies
Chapter 3. Discussion
From the Paper
"Sport psychologists are interested in how participation in sport, exercise, and physical activity may enhance personal development and well-being throughout an individuals life: one psychological model followed by sport psychologists is that athletic performance has three parts: physical preparation, technical skill, and psychological readiness (Liberty Science Center, 2004). This model suggests that if any of the above areas are neglected, athletic performance will decline, and psychological preparation is the one component that is most often neglected by athletes and coaches (Liberty Science Center, 2004). Sport psychology provides the basis for understanding and influencing the underlying thought processes and attitudes that will ultimately determine the performance of individuals involved in sport and exercise activities (Liberty Science Center, 2004)."
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Conditioning in Hot Environments, 2004.
In-depth study of athletic training in hot environments.
16,038 words (approx. 64.2 pages), 104 sources, APA, £ 170.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the effects of hot environments on the body and how the body attempts to regulate its internal temperature. The paper also describes what factors affect a body's ability to regulate its temperature and what measures can be taken to enhance a person's athletic performance in hot environments. Studies are cited to help illustrate these measures, and the dangers of performing in hot environments when ill-prepared are discussed. Finally, the paper applies the information from the studies to the typical training regimen of soccer players and makes suggestions for improving the regimen.
Introduction to Hot Environments
Thermoregulation in Heat Stress: Heat Loss
Effectiveness of Hot Environment on Players
Environment - Weather
Heat Cramps
Assessing Heat Quality of the Environment
Introduction to Soccer
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Male Soccer
Players
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Juvenile
Soccer Players
Essentials of Cardiovascular Fitness Among Soccer Players
Cardiovascular Improvement Methods
Interval Training Methods for Cardiovascular Development
Features of Interval Training
Appropriate Intensity to Develop Cardiovascular With Interval Training
From the Paper
"Every year more than 300 people die of heat-related illnesses and many others require medical attention, according to a CDC report. Often those who experience exertional heat illness are athletes who are taking part in physical activity in a warm or hot environment, who might benefit from early on-site identification of their condition and timely, appropriate treatment. Noting that many cases of heat illness are preventable and others can be treated, the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) recently issued a new consensus statement from the Inter-Association Task Force on Exertional Heat Illnesses that features guidelines for effective prevention and management. (NATA 2003)."
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The Incredible German Sports Car, 2004.
Argues why German sports cars are superior to Italian sports cars.
1,133 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper first describes what it is that buyers find so attractive in sports cars and then talks about what a buyer must consider when purchasing a sports car. The paper then goes on to explain that the superior engineering, design, reliability, and innovation of German sports cars makes them superior to Italian sports cars.
From the Paper
"Since the invention of the automobile, cars have taken an important role in our society. Once they were available only to the wealthy few that could afford them as a luxury in life. However, today cars have become a necessity for everyone. Everyone needs to commute to work, get to school, or go to the store; roads are filled curb to curb with traffic and cars of all sorts. However, that social status experienced by those wealthy enough to afford an early automobile can still be felt today by owning a sports car. ?Sports cars are for the individual who relishes a thrilling drive and a bolder visual statement with a hint of exclusivity. All style AND substance.... Power and speed, looks to die for and a throaty roar ? once you have driven a sports car then you never want to drive anything else.? (Sports Cars...) Like the change from riding a horse to driving a car, the difference between a standard family car and a speed-filled sports vehicle can be the boost to make life exciting again. Purchasing a sports car is a fun and exciting event, but one must remember that it is a very serious investment to make. Car lovers must consider many things when deciding upon a sports car, many things that do not necessarily go into the purchasing of a mini van for the kids."
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Corporate Sponsorship in Sports, 2004.
Presentation of a managerial model for understanding the positive and negative aspects of corporate sponsorship in the sports arena.
4,723 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 83.95
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Abstract
This research paper presents a managerial model that can be effectively applied when discussing the cost?benefit relationship of corporate sponsorship in athletic events. In order to create this model, the paper considers the impact of what a community may consider to be too much corporate influence, the problem of advertising a controversial product, overall community perceptions of the presence of a sponsorship, and the goals of the athletic competition at different levels. The paper contends that the managerial model should be able to identify these factors and use them to develop standards for the sponsorship relationships.
Marketing, Money and Maturity
Cost?Benefit Relationship
Determine Managerial Model to Use as a Basis for Evaluating Corporate
Sponsorship
Determine Positive Effects of Sponsorship
Determine Negative Impacts of Sponsorship
Determine Equilibrium
Develop Model for Different Levels of Athletic Competition.
Managerial model
Nature of Sponsorship
Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)
Managerial Aspects of Sponsorship.
Research Methodology
Compare and Contrast Equivalent Systems
Schools with Corporate Sponsorship
Schools without Corporate Sponsorship
Condition of Athletics and Scholastic Performance without Corporate
Sponsorship
From the Paper
"This cost benefit relationship is multifaceted. The direct cost to the corporation is the amount of dollars paid for the sponsorship. However, the indirect costs are the resulting public opinion of the sponsor. The assumption is that by expensing advertising revenue, the company is improving their relationship, and brand recognition in the community. However, the question as to whether or not the sponsorship is at risk of creating a backlash against the company has not been addressed. Recent moves by soft drink and snack food corporations to introduce their products into elementary and secondary schools have created a feeling in the communities which are opposed to this level of corporate influence."
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Sports Organizations, 2002.
An analysis of the problems faced by sporting organizations today.
2,753 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
The paper gives an insight into the problems that the sports organizations of today are facing in England. Some quotes are also listed so as to give the paper a viewpoint from the people who are at the helm of administering these sports bodies, as well as the players who actually play the game and because of whom these sports and leisure organizations are actually in place.
Contents
Introduction
The Problems
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sports organizations in the times of today are thriving on the profits they are making with their partnerships with different brands and products all around the world. There is a similar situation in United Kingdom where soccer has taken the field of sports to levels that the people who love the game adopt it as a religion. Many other sports like cricket, squash, lawn tennis and horse racing are also affluent and well off in the sports world of today. Apart from these, there are the leisure organizations, which benefit all, and sundry as far as providing entertainment and amusement and a general sense of competition amongst the different people is concerned."
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Athletic Trainers, 2004.
Presents an overview of the career of an athletic trainer.
700 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the career of an athletic trainer, including the background necessary for the career, the necessary education, and job opportunities for athletic trainers. It examines how athletic trainers form a necessary backbone of most professional sports organizations and many private organizations and how a professional athletic trainer can make the difference between a life-changing injury or returning to the game. It also looks at how athletic trainers are an essential and integral part of modern sports medicine, and as sports and athletics increase in importance in our society, they will continue to play an important part in our healthy lives.
From the Paper
"The education necessary for this job is usually completed as an undergraduate, and is offered by several colleges and universities across the nation. The most respected and accepted educational facilities are accredited according to standards created by the Commission on Accreditation for Allied Health Education (CAAHEP), a division of the American Medical Association (Hibberts). Many students major in exercise science with a specialty in athletic training. In most cases, they also need to obtain a state license or National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) certification in order to work as an athletic trainer and "to become certified, trainers must complete 1500 hours of athletic training, and pass the National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) certification exam" (AHEC)."
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Collective Bargaining and Baseball, 2004.
This paper examines the role labor unions and collective bargaining agreements have played in major league baseball.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of labor relations in the field of baseball from John Montgomery Ward?s first attempt to form a players' union in 1885 to the 32-day lockout during spring training in 1990. The author points out that the 2002 collective bargaining agreement was successfully negotiated with significant compromises on both sides and without a work stoppage. The paper concludes that this agreement ensures the continued fiscal health of America?s favorite pastime.
Table of Contents
Labor History
1994-1995
2002 Collective Bargaining Agreement
From the Paper
"In addition to higher ticket sales, an estimated 40 percent of this revenue came from the sale of broadcasting rights. Each team received around $18.6 million from national broadcasting revenue. Local broadcasting rights generated additional earnings, although this figure differed widely between cities. The New York Yankees, for instance, received $52 million in local broadcasting revenue while other franchises got less than one-tenth of that figure (Verducci 2002). In any case, a strike and the subsequent loss of broadcasting revenue would represent a significant income loss for both the owners."
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Effect of Commercialization on Sporting Events, 2004.
A review of the extreme commercialization of sports in America.
1,973 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of sports in the U.S. and how sports has become a commercial industry in itself. The paper explains that America seems to commercialize everything, and with the overwhelming support for national sports, this too has become a vibrant and profitable sector of the consumer economy. The paper looks at the monetary value of sports in the U.S. and explores the benefits and down-side to mass-produced commercial sporting entities.
From the Paper
"Most professional team sports play a series of games instead of one to decide the championship. For this reason, the Super Bowl is unique in American professional sports. Football has typically been viewed as the toughest team sport with large men playing a full contact sport that makes the entertainment value extremely high for sports fans. These factors make the Super Bowl a unique and powerful entertainment package that appeals to sports fans like no other championship game can. For this reason, the Super Bowl is the most commercialized event in sports. The commercialization of the Super Bowl makes it a grandiose event. People who are not even football fans watch the Super Bowl for the creative commercial broadcasting. As a result, the Super Bowl generates the creative commercialization process that increases fervor for material things and greatly influences pop culture."
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Athletic Stadium Advertising and Signage, 2004.
A look at the current trends in the sports stadium advertising and signage industry.
2,785 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the kinds of leading-edge signage found in today?s major league sports, the information that signage offers beyond mere branding, and the trends in stadium and home-viewer sports advertising.
From the Paper
"In the book, Ballparks (Von Goeben, 2001), there is a black and white photo of the Polo Grounds in New York, taken around 1911, with only two billboards prominently displayed ? the billboards advertised ?ESCO Hosiery? and ?Adlers Gloves? ? that probably cost less than a hundred dollars each. That was a lot of money back then. But by 1952, in another photo in the Ballparks depicting a World Series game at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, signage was taking up most of the interior walls of the stadium. Thirteen billboards at ground level ? approximately 30-40 feet wide each ? were visible from the left field corner to the scoreboard in right center. And one wonders how much those billboards brought in for the teams. Not very much, in today?s dollar terms. But whatever the pittance was, it is dwarfed millions of times over by the $10 million a year Reliant Energy pays in 2003 to be the ?sponsor? of the NFL?s Houston Texans stadium, or the $7.6 million FedEx pays annually to get its logo ? and name ? on the Washington Redskins? football field."
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Baseball Bats, 2004.
Looks at the history and development of baseball bats.
2,725 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 22 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the evolution of the baseball bat. It looks at the different types of bats made, the material from which they are constructed, the effectiveness of the bats, generally noted advantages and disadvantages of the different bat types ,and safety issues regarding bat types. The paper ends with a brief summary of the features that the different bats have in common.
From the Paper
"Baseball bats today come in many different varieties, from the standard $20 wooden bat to a state-of-the-art, $300 aluminum model (Sports-werd.com, 2002). Each type of bat has its own advantages and disadvantages, and each has a unique feel and sound. On both the college level and professional levels of baseball, the types of bats allowed vary in material. Yet, while the baseball bats may differ, there are still many similarities that make both aluminum and wooden bats comparable in the world of baseball."
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Kobe Bryant and Nike, 2004.
Proposes how to deal with the problem of Kobe Bryant's negative image in his role as Nike's celebrity representative.
1,007 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
Nike hired Kobe Bryant, a popular Laker's basketball player, to promote its products due to his modest, low-key style, contrasting with his team?s extraordinary athletic success. However, the recent allegations regarding sexual assault made about Bryant in the media and through the judicial system have completely altered Bryant?s image. This paper offers a proposal on what to do when the celebrity spokesperson, hired by a company executive, undergoes a rapid and unexpected change of image in the context of the modern media because of circumstances beyond company control.
From the Paper
"The ?data? accrued in such a case is difficult to pinpoint in a graphic format. Since the evidence regarding the night in question and the woman who is making the allegations varies from day to day, it is difficult to quantify what sort of an impact these allegations can and would have on future sales of Nike. What is clear, however, is that Bryant is no longer the man whom Nike hired. Sadly said, even if completely innocent of the allegations, the new data disseminated in the media shows him to be either a complicated martyr figure at best or at worst, a guilty man of a horrific assault. The fact that Nike also has a substantial line of clothing specifically targeted at women, usually making use of powerful and athletic women in its promotional material, makes the sexual nature of the allegations a particular concern."
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High School Sports, 2004.
A thorough overview of the issue of high school sports and their advantages and disadvantages.
15,486 words (approx. 61.9 pages), 45 sources, MLA, £ 170.95
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Abstract
High school sports are, for some students, a fond memory, and for other students, the golden ticket to the land of opportunity. For most students, it is an extracurricular activity. High school sports has transitioned from a core basis in family values, ethics, and participation to big money sponsorships, televised games, recruiters, and scholarships. It?s no wonder controversy surrounds the ideas of benefits and drawbacks, and it?s no wonder that some are attempting to regulate participation. This paper examines present trends, current issues, data, and initiatives surrounding the provision of high school sports. It surveys a sample from a typical Georgia public high school to receive feedback on student values and opinions with regard to athletics, academics, and sources of support and sources of stress. Ultimately, it develops some recommendations to retain the caliber of high school sports and ensure their availability to future student athletes.
Abstract
Chapter One: The Problem
Problem Background
Literature Review
The Professional Student Athlete
The Raw Numbers
Eligibility
Advantages of Sport
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions or Research Hypotheses
Limitations/Delimitations
Definitions
Importance of the Study
Research Design
Selection of Subjects
Instrumentation
Assumptions or Limitations
Procedures
Data Processing and Analysis
Chapter Four: Findings
Summary
Conclusions
Implications for Practice
Questions related to Support and Pressure
Implications for Practice
Implications for Research and Resultant Recommendations
References
From the Paper
"High school athletics programs complement academic progress. Research supports this theory in a number of ways, and points to the importance of high school athletic programs to the social, emotional and physical development of the student. The level of benefit varies subtly by demographic typing. At the core of the debate is whether academics are viewed as part of or outside of the academic curriculum. There are conflicting schools of thought regarding the benefits of athletic programs to students at the high school level. Some contend that the focus on sports is too commercialized, and that funds spent can overshadow the realities of budget cuts and financial realities in other areas of academics, particularly when the focus is on sports as a profession and academic scholarships. Further, these same people feel that athletes can receive preferential treatment, particularly with regard to the college admissions process."
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Running, 2004.
Discussion regarding the positive effects of a regular running program.
1,668 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the beneficial aspects of running on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. It does so by first looking at the different types of running and then by explaining the biomechanics of running.
From the Paper
"From a sports professional point of view running is of three different types namely sprinting, middle distance and long distance or (marathon). Sprinting events are those races that are up to 400m. During the sprinting activity the muscles? metabolic pathways supply the required energy at a rate which is several times higher than the regular aerobic systems. This is verified by the decrease in PCr (phosphocreatine) by 67%, muscle glycogen by around 32% and ATP by 28%. Furthermore anaerobic glycolysis increases muscle lactate level by 20 fold. For sprinting, the thrust during the propelling period is very important and sports scientists have reported that the maximum force that a muscle can generate is directly proportional to its cross sectional area. This implies that good Sprinters usually are more muscular compared to marathon racers. For middle distance and marathon running the oxidative systems are the chief energy suppliers and there is a predominance of slow twitch muscle fibres."
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Italy?s Serie A Football Team, 2004.
A history and overview of Italy?s Serie A football team.
7,419 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 30 sources, MLA, £ 111.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Italian Football League, or ?Lega Calcio?, dates back to 1946 and describes what comprises the teams of Serie A in Italian football. It identifies the business drivers for the sport, the characteristics of the teams, the motivation of sponsors, and the formula for revenue. It also looks at how the business model has changed over time from a customer-centered model to a shareholder-driven one and how nowhere was this more evident than during the postponement of the 2002-2003 season because of pay-per-view contract issues.
Outline
Italy?s Serie A Football League: A Brief History
Italian Serie A and B
The Business of Football
Sponsorship
Shirt Sponsorships
Player Contracts
Wages
Revenues
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix A ? Sports Classifications
From the Paper
"With the advent of television, a venue for was created for pro football players to showcase commercial products. In 1951 Stanley Matthews (the first pro football player to be knighted) received ?20 a week from CWS (Co operative society) for sporting football boots. At this time, however, most players were tied to their clubs, bound to a maximum wage and abiding by the retain-and-transfer contract system, necessitating that they keep their ?day? jobs. When England hosted the World Cup Finals in 1966, the ceiling for the maximum wage was lifted. It was at this time a mascot entered the fray, the tournament was effectively ?branded?, and the first superstar, George Best was born. (Critcher, 1991) An official song was created for the tournament, replica ?World Cup Willy? Lions were sold, and approximately 400 million people world wide watched the TV coverage."
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