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Ambush Marketing, 2004.
An overview of the concept of ambush marketing and how it can be detrimental for the official sponsors of events, such as the World Cup.
3,983 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 18 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how ambush marketers can be described as organizations that intrude on agreements made between an official sponsor and the host of an event. It looks at how ambush marketers usually take advantage of their rights to capitalize on business opportunities and make the most out of someone?s business deal. In particular, it explores whether tough rules should be introduced to protect sports sponsors and curb this marketing tactic.
From the Paper
"No matter which way one wishes to look at the situation of ambush marketers making the most of already sponsored big events, it may be said that such opportunities should not really be ethically available for organizations to seize. This is because official sponsors are the rightful owners of these events, as they pay large sums of cash to run the event, and this is the reason why things such as the logo of the events are directly associated with the sponsor companies. Considering this, ambush marketing may be accurately defined as the unauthorized association of an organization with the marketing of a particular event whereby they gain benefit of the marketing rights of that event without having to pay the license fee applicable in order to be associated with the event. Under this definition and the rest of the related discussion, there are a number of things that come to one?s mind. Marketing rights is one of these things, as organizations gain under free trade."
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The Economic Impact of Michael Jordan, 2004.
A look at the immense earning power of celebrity sports star, Michael Jordan.
2,069 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the economic impact of Michael Jordan that resulted from his super-star status and his endorsement of certain products. The paper points out that, in addition to having had a positive economic impact on the NBA, Michael Jordan has also had a tremendous economic impact on companies whose products he has endorsed and that, in essence, Jordan himself represents power, influence, globalism, wealth, and capitalism .
From the Paper
"Sport personalities and their sponsors have now become a winning combination and the link between the two has proved to be an immensely profitable connection for the global economy. There are several reasons why sports personalities are chosen to promote certain products. Firms are quite careful in their selection of the right face and name to associate with their products or services. Research in this area indicates that firms select celebrities when it is felt that ?the life experiences of endorsers fit the advertising message, that the endorser has high appeal with the firm's target consumer group, or that the endorser's universal appeal makes the advertising universal.? (Mathur et al, 1997)"
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The Ritual Significance of Play, 2004.
This paper discusses that the modern rituals of play have underlying social and religious system of belief structures.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the notion of ?deep play?, play with multiple levels of anthropological and sociological significance, is demonstrated in both Balinese cockfighting and American baseball. The author points out that rituals are shaped in dialogue with culture and the difficulties humans experience, not for simple rewards. The paper relates that ritual creation may arise out of uncertainty, but it is a social and spiritual uncertainty, as well as an uncertainty of what actions will transpire.
From the Paper
"All of these rituals came after long years of baseball practice and performing well in a series of games. Although they might seem like purely mechanical and useless acts against he effects of chance?of bad weather, bad calls, or a cramp in the arm or leg?they might even be said, like the Andean coca chewing to have physical effects that positively impact the potential game. The caffeine in the ice tea, the coolness of the beverage, the buzz of the Beech-Nut Tobacco, even, in today?s nutritionally conscious times, the Omega-3 fatty acids present in the tuna, in a perfect meld of protein and carbohydrate loading?all have physical, albeit subtle affects upon the baseball player?s physical as well as mental state. This is not to say that having an ice tea is the same as chewing a coca leaf. However, the physical aspects and effects of rituals created for the player in his own world have physical effects upon the player as well as analogs with the rituals that are generated in more communal and long-term cultural settings."
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Increasing Sports Injuries, 2004.
A discussion of the important issues that must be considered concerning children under the age of 10 and competitive sports.
2,172 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This is a position paper that first summarizes the latest information available on pre-adolescent children and competitive sports and then addresses current issues regarding national team competition for children less than 10 years of age.
Children?s Readiness for Organized Sports and Competition
Medical
Physical
Cognitive
Psychosocial
Motivational
Adult Readiness for Children?s Competition
Coaches
Parents
Organization / Administration
Competition
From the Paper
"Competitive sports participation opportunities for children continue to grow. Nowadays, children begin their regular sport participation between the ages of 4 to 8 years. Most children enjoy sports and show great enthusiasm for participation. However, the situation changes when young athletes get involved in the elite-level championships organized and directed by adults. Children?s play becomes transformed from informal playground games to highly organized sporting events that mirror adult professional sports."
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"Taking in a Game", 2004.
A review of Joseph Reaves? book, "Taking in a Game-A History of Baseball in Asia".
1,877 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and critiques "Taking in a Game-A History of Baseball in Asia", which was published in 2002 and written by journalist Joseph Reaves. The book studies the growth of baseball in Asian countries and how it merged into their cultural and social fabric.
Paper Outline
Book Information
Writer Information
Book Analysis
Review Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In 1970s, Mao Tse-Tung allegedly used baseball as a political strategy. Many believed that baseball had been made a part of sports revolution program simply because it paved the way for ?diligent study of Marxism, Leninism and Mao Tse-tung Thought?. What made them believe such a thing is beyond me; but the author firmly maintains that Chinese authorities fell for this game since it could improve a soldier?s aim when throwing grenades. They felt that baseball could give soldiers stronger arms and thus it should be regularly practiced and promoted in China."
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Sports and Antitrust Law, 2004.
Reviews U.S. antitrust laws and how these laws can apply to the ability or inability of a person who wants to begin a professional football career.
4,271 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a court case brought against the National Football League (NFL) by a player arguing that NFL rules regarding eligibility to enter the league are conspiratorial against his ability to earn a living. The paper explains, in detail, the history and purpose of antitrust laws and the logic behind the judge's decision in the case, which declared that the NFL is indeed in violation of antitrust legislation because of the qualifications it required of players to enter the game. The paper also presents the legal position of the NFL and, in the conclusion, offers reasons why the author agrees with their position as well.
Research Problem Statement
Is the National Football League's Requirements to Enter the Draft a
Violation of Antitrust Law? If So Why? Why Does the NFL Think It Is Not a Violation?
Defining the Antitrust Legislation
Sherman Antitrust Legislation
Clayton Antitrust amendment
Presidential Support
The Maurice Clarett Case
The NFL?s Position
The Effect on the Game
Judge Scheinin?s Decision
Literature Review
Definition of Terms
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Clayton Act
Basis of Judge Shira Scheinin's Decision
Other Cases
Haywood vs. National Basketball Association, 401 U.S. 1204 (1971)
Impact of Case on the League
Players Straight out of High School who Have Been Successful
Kobe Bryant
Labron James
Unsuccessful Players
The Risk to the Kids who Leave Early
Will an 18 Year Old Be Physically Tough Enough
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is hard to conceive how these laws apply to the ability, or inability of a person who wants to enter a professional football career, but the recent court case brought by Maurice Clarett against the NFL charged that their rules regarding eligibility to enter the league are conspiratorial against his ability to earn a living. The NFL has placed age requirements on individuals. The want to make sure that a person who applies to for the job of a football player in the NFL will have developed the talent, as well as physical and emotional maturity to be qualified for the game. None the less this recent court action by Judge Shira Scheindin has declared that the NFL is in violation of antitrust legislation because of the qualifications it required of players to enter the game."
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Managing the Dallas Cowboys, 2004.
A look at an application of the four management functions on the Dallas Cowboys.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how planning, controlling, organizing, and leading are the four management functions that every organization needs to manage to achieve its goals. It looks at how one organization that has had significant problems in the past is the Dallas Cowboys and how the goal of the Dallas Cowboys is to become a championship team, with a dependency on the management of the organization as much as on performance on the field. It assesses the organization by looking at both positive and negatives aspects in order to make recommendations on what the Dallas Cowboys need to do to become a championship team again.
From the Paper
"One of the major problems that the Dallas Cowboys have had in recent years is the bad image the team has received because of players being involved in off-field incidents. These off-field incidents include claims of rape, assault and drug use. In addition, players have been suspended because of drug use. These incidents create two major problems. Firstly, players can be lost through either suspension or through going to jail over rape and assault incidents. This limits the organization?s ability to manage the organizing function, which refers to assigning tasks and allocating resources. For the Dallas Cowboys to win a championship, the major resource they need is the players of their team. If the team does not have reliable players that they know will be available this creates a level of uncertainty that makes it difficult to organize the team. This suggests that the organization could have problems attracting good players and retaining them."
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Heat and Exercise, 2004.
Examines the dangers associated with overheating caused by strenuous exercise.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the physiological process that takes place when an athlete experiences serious heat-related illness, such as heatstroke, dehydration, etc. The paper also describes the emergency measures that must be taken to treat any of these conditions.
From the Paper
"Although people exercise more than ever, many do not realize the toll such strenuous behavior can have on their bodies. This holds especially for joggers who enter races on weekends and are not used to pushing themselves to such an extreme. Runners and individuals involved with similar sports can become ill from several related diseases including exercise associated collapse, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and hyponatremia."
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Boxing in Victorian Britain, 2004.
A discussion of how boxing in both its legal and illegal forms was lauded as upholding the ideals of 'muscular Christianity' in Victorian Britain.
1,129 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how one of the first systems of institutionalizing and creating a more humane and formal structure for the pugilistic art of boxing was achieved by the codification of the boxing rules and regulations of the Marquis of Queensbury, who was the father of ?Boise?, or Lord Alfred Douglas, the male lover of Oscar Wilde. It analyzes how this strange paring in history of a famous coupling of homosexuality and an advocate of masculinity in its raw form of Victorian sport embodies the contradiction in the cult of Victorian masculinity.
From the Paper
"In this cult, erotic, athletic, and sexual encounters between men were virtually institutionalized in the British university and public school system, idealized in the era?s imperial worship of Greek and Roman classicism and culture, yet also outlawed according to the strictures of governance according to the nation. Bare-fisted boxing, continued even after the Queensbury rules were passed, as is evident in popular illustrations of the period. The popularity of bare-fisted boxing in art and in print also shows how long the supposedly illegal art of bare-fisted boxing continued in the open. This bare-fisted sport was often practiced by working men at taverns, and became a kind of proving-ground of masculinity, away from the more regulated and elite forms of boxing according to the rules."
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Steroids in Sports, 2004.
Examination of how the use of steroids plagues the world of sports.
4,143 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper first takes a brief look at how drugs are used all over the world and then focuses specifically on the use of steroids in the world of sports. The paper explains what anabolic steroids are, gives a brief history of steroid use, and describes the negative side effects.
From the Paper
"Steroids have been a very common form of drugs used in sports today despite the fact that athletes are regularly tested for doping and are immediately expelled from events if they test positive. The question that arises is why would athletes use steroids when such tactics simply kill the whole spirit of competition. To compete means to show you are more skillful and better trained for a certain sport, however with steroids this purpose of competition is destroyed because the winner has won not due to his own ability but because of certain performance enhancing drugs."
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Promotion for Nike's "Shox iD" Shoe, 2004.
Analysis of Nike's advertising and marketing approach for its "Shox iD" shoe.
1,232 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the manner in which Nike has chosen to promote its "Shox iD" shoe. The paper analyzes Nike's Internet marketing strategy for the shoe, the message Nike tries to convey about the shoe, and how Nike continues to capitalize on its image as a great shoe company.
From the Paper
"However, in terms of promotions, Nike still is masterful in conveying a strong message to a targeted segment of the running shoe market as well as eking out, if not dominance, then a still secure area of the sports apparel industry. One recently promoted shoe of great importance to Nike is that of the new Nike Shox iD running shoe. The Nike Shox iD running shoe has not been marketed in a general fashion, however, on television, Internet, and the print media in the same diffuse manner as, for instance, the Air Jordans of the past. This was because many non-basketball players wore Air Jordans to convey their solidarity with the great basketball player and themselves as his great fans."
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Sports Psychology and Teenage Girl Swimmers, 2004.
An investigation into the effect of self-efficacy and psychological skills training on post-pubescent females in adhering to competitive swimming.
12,487 words (approx. 49.9 pages), 62 sources, MLA, £ 134.95
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Abstract
This study shows that psychological training for these adolescent girls is important and has a positive effect on them, not only in competitive swimming, but in other athletic endeavors and in the rest of their lives as well.
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions or Hypotheses
Assumptions and Limitations
Rationale for the Study
Summary of the Study
Chapter Two
Review of Related Literature
Chapter Three
Methodology
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Population and Sample
Data Collection Method
Database for the Study
Chapter Four
Data Analysis
Chapter Five
Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"How well adolescents perform in competitive swimming is related to many factors. One of these is how much self-efficacy they have, another is the involvement that the parents have in the child?s life, and another is the skill that these children display. All of these things work together to build self-confidence and psychological skills begin to develop from this. Not all children develop these psychological skills, and whether these skills are available has much to do with the physical prowess that these children display. There are concerns about whether physical skills bring psychological confidence, or whether psychological confidence helps to bring out the physical skills that these children have. Either way, both are very important to the children and how well they do at competitive swimming and other activities."
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Hypnosis in Organized Sports, 2004.
An in-depth examination of the effectiveness of hypnosis in organized sports.
8,457 words (approx. 33.8 pages), 43 sources, MLA, £ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the use of sports hypnosis in organized sports, its theoretical background, its methods of application and, paramount, its effectiveness. This is undertaken through the use of a literature review and through the presentation and assessment of two case studies. The issue of the actual nature of hypnosis is discussed, followed by a discussion about the hypnotic experience, and, briefly, the various uses of hypnosis. The use of hypnosis in sports is then discussed, with a review of relevant literature, and an in-depth look at the two case studies of athletes who were helped by hypnosis.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
What is Hypnosis?
Changes in the Brain During Hypnosis
Uses of Hypnosis
Chapter 2. Literature Review: Uses of Hypnosis in Organized Sports
Heart Centered Hypnosis: An Overview
Case Studies
Chapter 3. Discussion
From the Paper
"Sport psychologists are interested in how participation in sport, exercise, and physical activity may enhance personal development and well-being throughout an individuals life: one psychological model followed by sport psychologists is that athletic performance has three parts: physical preparation, technical skill, and psychological readiness (Liberty Science Center, 2004). This model suggests that if any of the above areas are neglected, athletic performance will decline, and psychological preparation is the one component that is most often neglected by athletes and coaches (Liberty Science Center, 2004). Sport psychology provides the basis for understanding and influencing the underlying thought processes and attitudes that will ultimately determine the performance of individuals involved in sport and exercise activities (Liberty Science Center, 2004)."
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Conditioning in Hot Environments, 2004.
In-depth study of athletic training in hot environments.
16,038 words (approx. 64.2 pages), 104 sources, APA, £ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the effects of hot environments on the body and how the body attempts to regulate its internal temperature. The paper also describes what factors affect a body's ability to regulate its temperature and what measures can be taken to enhance a person's athletic performance in hot environments. Studies are cited to help illustrate these measures, and the dangers of performing in hot environments when ill-prepared are discussed. Finally, the paper applies the information from the studies to the typical training regimen of soccer players and makes suggestions for improving the regimen.
Introduction to Hot Environments
Thermoregulation in Heat Stress: Heat Loss
Effectiveness of Hot Environment on Players
Environment - Weather
Heat Cramps
Assessing Heat Quality of the Environment
Introduction to Soccer
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Male Soccer
Players
Anthrompometry, Fitness and Physiology Characteristics of Juvenile
Soccer Players
Essentials of Cardiovascular Fitness Among Soccer Players
Cardiovascular Improvement Methods
Interval Training Methods for Cardiovascular Development
Features of Interval Training
Appropriate Intensity to Develop Cardiovascular With Interval Training
From the Paper
"Every year more than 300 people die of heat-related illnesses and many others require medical attention, according to a CDC report. Often those who experience exertional heat illness are athletes who are taking part in physical activity in a warm or hot environment, who might benefit from early on-site identification of their condition and timely, appropriate treatment. Noting that many cases of heat illness are preventable and others can be treated, the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) recently issued a new consensus statement from the Inter-Association Task Force on Exertional Heat Illnesses that features guidelines for effective prevention and management. (NATA 2003)."
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