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Adult Influence in Children's Sports, 2008.
This paper discusses the psychological effects that parents and coaches have on youths involved in sports.
2,126 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the psychological effects that parents and coaches have upon youths participating in athletic pursuits. Specifically, the paper argues that positive parental role models can encourage young men and women to grow as people because of their sporting experiences and to become more active in sports. Further, the writer maintains that such influence can show that athletic activities are about more than simply winning and losing. The writer concludes that parents and coaches have an enormous impact upon the psychological development of youngsters participating in sports.
From the Paper
"Similarly, coaches who genuinely care about their charges can boost the self-esteem levels of children and convince those under their care that there is something gratifying and meaningful about playing a team sport or an individual sport. In the end, young people who play sports - just like young people who involve themselves in any extra-curricular activity - are highly impressionable and psychologically vulnerable, and can easily be shaped for good or ill by the adults around them. Consequently, conscientious parents and coaches will never lose sight of the fact that sports are, at least for the very young, a means to an end and not an end in themselves.
"To begin with, parents can exert tremendous pressure upon young people involved in sports. Achievement-by-Proxy Disorder is a situation wherein parents who could never quite achieve sporting success for themselves transfer their yearnings and hopes upon their children. In the end, this unhealthy sort of parental pressure can lead to the abuse and/or exploitation of children or adolescents."
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"Baseball in Asheville, North Carolina", 2008.
Describes the way the author researched the topic "Baseball in Asheville, North Carolina".
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that researching and writing a paper about baseball in Asheville, North Carolina involved the process of finding good sources, determining the validity and quality of their content and then selecting eight of them to be used in writing the paper. The author points out that, although he did go to the library for printed sources, he relied on the Internet, especially the search engine Google, to identify potential sources quickly. The paper concludes that requiring at least four different types of sources was advantageous because it broadened the author's research skills and enabled the writer to provide a more comprehensive analysis.
From the Paper
"All of the sources discussed above were useful in researching and writing about various aspects of baseball in Asheville, especially about the Tourists, but the earlier sections of the paper dealing with little league baseball in Asheville and the involvement and attitudes of parents were based not only upon sources but upon personal experience. Most people, regardless of whether they live in Asheville or not, who have watched their children, or nephews, or the children of friends play little league baseball have seen negative and unfortunate behavior from some parents."
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Baseball In Asheville, 2008.
This paper explores the popularity of baseball in Asheville, North Carolina.
1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how watching and playing baseball is a long and proud tradition in Asheville, North Carolina. The paper relates that although baseball is popular at every level in Asheville, from the little league teams to the city's high school teams and the UNC-Asheville college team, the Tourists minor league team is perhaps the most beloved. The paper also notes the former Tourists players who have made it to the major leagues.
From the Paper
"Playing baseball and attending games at every level of competition is a long and proud tradition in Asheville, North Carolina. For more than one-hundred years, generations of Asheville youngsters have grown up playing baseball on the city's diamonds and many minor league players from all over the United States have played for the Asheville Tourists. Some have gone on to play baseball at the major league level, including Hall of Famers such as Willie Stargell, and legendary players such as Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig have played at McCormick Field in exhibition games."
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Problems and Practices in Sports, 2008.
This paper discusses grievance procedures related to problems and practices in sports.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the policies, procedures and grievances that can occur in sports. The personal services contract and its relevance to sports are detailed and the role of the athletes and their contractual relationship with an individual promoter or team owners are discussed. The paper also reviews the history of player unions and sports league relationships and explains the governing bodies that control this relationship. In addition, the collective bargaining process, arbitration and mediation process are explained as they relate to professional sports.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"In the case where an athlete refuses to compete in an individual event, a boxing match for example, the promoters, the people whom engaged the athlete for their unique abilities, can sue the athlete for monetary compensation. The amount of damages due to the promoters is easily calculated in the form of lost profits from the revenue derived from the exhibition of the sporting event. In the case of an athlete that is a member of a sports team, and is a similar hypothetical where the athlete refuses to participate in a particular game, it is much harder to determine the extent of the lost profits for a single player not participating causes. Most likely there is another athlete on the team that can fulfill the responsibilities of the wayward athlete, and there can be no discernable effect on the event."
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Sexism and Canadian Women's Hockey, 2008.
This paper looks at the part played by sexism in the Canadian women's hockey field.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that today's society is based on a gender binary that requires men and women to be opposites. Men are expected to be active and aggressive; women are expected to be inactive and passive. The writer discusses that women in sports directly challenge this gender binary - they are not passive, but rather the opposite of passive. The writer maintains that women in sports are sometimes subjected to the abuse and discrimination that all gender outlaws in our society attract. The writer points out that this issue is particularly marked in Canadian women's hockey. The women's team is far more successful than the men's team and yet most people don't even know it exists. The writer discusses that women playing hockey detract from the aggressive male image associated with male hockey, while at the same time challenging every tenet of the gender binary. The writer concludes that teenagers should be taught parenting skills of which an important part should be examining and unlearning the sexism they have already learned from society.
Outline:
The Issue
Sources from the Internet
Explanation for the Issue and Plan of Action
From the Paper
"Thus, as soon as a woman is strong and brave, she is suddenly a suspect! No wonder no one pays any attention to Canada's women hockey players!
"What is the solution to this? Clearly, there has to be an education program to combat the enduring belief in biological essentialism. Children need to be taught from a very young age that all people are capable of all attributes. They need to understand that the various human qualities are a virtual smorgasbord, from which they can freely choose, regardless of their gender. They need to be exposed to role models of adults who transcend the usual norms."
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Hockey and Women, 2008.
This paper examines women's increasing inclusion and success in Canadian hockey.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ho,w although Canada is a liberal society based on equal rights, hockey is traditionally seen as a sport for men, since it involves power, violence and brute force. The paper first looks at Canada's long history of sexist thinking and women's growing role in hockey today. The paper then discusses the success of Canada's Olympic women's ice hockey team that indicates that traditional, sexist notions of women in sport are finally being overturned.
Outline:
Introduction
Women and Hockey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the popular media is now making moves towards supporting and encouraging women's participation in ice hockey, it is true that the sport in Canada has a long history of sexist thinking. Sports observers have even acknowledged that women were certainly a late inclusion in the world of "masculine" sports. Such voices include Gruneau and Whitson (1994), authors of the book "Hockey Night in Canada". Gruneau and Whitson acknowledge that women have painstakingly made their way in the hockey arena after fighting decades of repression and sexist stereotyping. As the authors attest, it was more than a hundred years after hockey was born that women were finally recognized as potential players."
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Politics and the Rome Olympics, 2008.
This paper discusses the politics involved in the 1960 Olympic Games held in Rome.
1,430 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the politics surrounding the 1960 Rome Olympics and examines how these externalities shaped the way in which history will remember the Games. The paper also looks at why the Games were so vitally important to Italy at the time - and why the Games, perhaps in a fashion unknown at the time, contributed to the burgeoning feminist movement. Finally, and most importantly, the paper looks at the role the Cold War played in making the 1960 Rome Games substantially different from any Olympic Games that had come before it. In particular, time is devoted to looking at how the Olympic Games of 1960 signaled to a mass American audience that the notion of automatic American superiority was no more; the medal haul of the Soviet Union that year was compelling proof of such. Ultimately, the 1960 Rome Olympics saw broader developments in the wider world reflected in significant changes on the medal podium.
From the Paper
"The 1960 Rome Olympics was significant, in part, because it underscored the position of Italy at the dawn of the 1960s. To wit, the country was awarded the 1960 Rome Olympics chiefly because of its economic progress since 1945 and because of its legitimate place as a member of the "Capitalist West;" there is also the general sense that the country was given the bauble of the Games because of its political progress since the end of the Second World War; as an addendum, it should be noted that the Games were very important to Italians, or at least to their leaders, inasmuch as the country struggled after the close of the Second World War with a reputation for being politically unstable and even "anarchic". From a purely economic stand-point, the 1960 Rome Olympics were important to Italy because the country, whatever economic gains it had made in the previous 15 years, was still woefully dependent upon tourism."
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Sports and the Industrial Revolution, 2008.
A look at the ways in which the industrial revolution changed social and cultural life and how it impacted sports and leisure activities.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that the industrial revolution brought to the world of leisure and sports. It discusses why the industrial revolution impacted sports at all and the ways in which it did. The paper also looks at the ways that social and cultural life changed and the relationship this had to sports and leisure at the time. The paper contains appended original sources.
From the Paper
"As we see, the industrial revolution brought profound changes to much of the world. Social and cultural life changed completely. While some aspects of sport and leisure remained unchanged, in that people continued to do some of the things they loved, other aspects of sport and leisure were profoundly changed. For one thing, people simply had more leisure. In addition, the growth of mass culture brought change to sport. For example, the phenomenon of mass venues for hundreds of spectators, not seen since the Greek and Roman times, was revived. In addition, there was a growing awareness that the industrial revolution had caused lifestyles to become less active, and this led to a growing awareness of the need for recreational sport. However, it would be a long time before physical education was widely offered to the masses. In particular, the working class, girls and women would wait a long time before they would be able to benefit from such education."
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The Game or the Green?, 2008.
This paper refutes the contention that professional athletes are motivated only by money and not by the love of the sport.
975 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that professional athletes are not involved in sports just for the money; there are also psychological factors at work, such as self-esteem and self-satisfaction. The paper explains that while it is commonplace to dismiss professional athletes as greedy and spoiled, they are deserving of the money they are offered for doing something better than anyone else.
From the Paper
"To begin with, many athletes do what they do because they want to prove something to themselves. For example, when Canada's Billy "The Kid" Irwin fought his last fight in February of 2005 against world lightweight boxing champion, Juan Diaz, he was motivated to do so largely because he wanted to prove Diaz's handlers wrong; that he was not some mere stepping-stone for the young champion from Texas. In fact, Irwin quickly made it clear to at least one Canadian writer who had gone to Houston to cover the fight that this fight would really be his last fight - even though a victory would obviously mean huge sums of money (Maich, 40-43). For this athlete, earning respect at age 36 was more important than earning money."
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The Elderly and the Theory of Planned Behavior, 2008.
A review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment related exercise to show the facets of the theory.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a review of the article "Does the theory of planned behavior elements mediate the relationship between perceived constraints and intention to participate in physical activities? A study among older individuals" by A. Konstantinos, B. Vasilis, and T. Charalampos. The paper focuses on how the article effectively uses qualitative research to understand a particular aspect of human development within an empirical human development study. The paper also attempts to determine whether the article was conducted within the necessary specific criteria for qualitative research. The paper concludes that the article seems to have followed the necessary specific requirements, although certain elements remain somewhat questionable.
From the Paper
"The results of the model showed that given the facets of the TPB, participants' behavior and attitude towards exercise was significantly correlated with the actual amount of exercise undertaken. The predictive aspect of the TPB was also validated by the participants who were contacted after the initial study. Overall, this conclusion was validated by triangulating the data, since the human development experiment was to test a very well known theory - theory of planned behavior, and the authors validated this result with other known experiments and the original empirical construct. The literature review conducted was comprehensive and gave a clear picture of what this particular article was adding to the literature, however, the necessary use of different sources, methods, and investigations was rather comprehensive."
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Adidas' "The Impossible is Nothing" Advertising, 2008.
An analysis of the style, presentation, appeal and targeting of Adidas' "The Impossible is Nothing" advertisements.
2,565 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes "The Impossible is Nothing" advertisement in which Adidas employs David Beckham, the English football star and international sports icon. The paper discusses the primary and secondary targets of the advertisement and how Adidas is successful in targeting them. It also describes the style and artistic composition of the advertisement, the symbols it employs and its intellectual appeal. In addition, the paper discusses the advertisement's format and presentation and how successful it is.
From the Paper
"This marketing campaign will be very effective at changing and shaping the perceptions of the audience because its message is universal. That life presents challenges and impediments to all people regardless of income, sports star status, and image. The message is that everything is impossible is nothing is ever attempted. Regardless of outcome Adidas has crafted a message that does not emphasize winning or losing but rather the act of attempting something impossible just for the sake of doing so even when the outcome is recognized to perhaps not result in riches or even in success. The idea is that the attempt is worth the effort and Adidas wants to be the shirt or the shoes or the equipment that the consumer has on when attempting the impossible regardless of outcome."
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Hockey and Canada's Identity, 2008.
This paper examines hockey's role in Canada's search for an all-embracing national identity.
1,389 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what being "Canadian" means. In other words, the writer looks at the essence of the Canadian national identity. The writer notes that this is a surprisingly difficult question to answer and that it will not suffice to say that being Canadian means not-being-American! In this essay, the difficulties inherent in defining Canadian national identity are discussed. Furthermore, the paper argues that hockey has gained even greater symbolic currency in recent years as one of the few institutions that one still imagines to be truly Canadian.
From the Paper
"There are not many countries in the world where people wonder as much about their national identity as in Canada. Most Iraqis, for example, seem pretty clear about who they are, as do most South Africans, most Americans, most Brits, etc. Perhaps it has something to do with the fact that Canada maintains allegiance to the British queen, despite the fact that most Canadians will never see her Majesty, or stand under the grey skies of Great Britain - and at the same time, we are neighbours to the greatest, most dominant empire ever seen on the planet, i.e. the USA. Perhaps it is this that leads Canadians to their sense of confusion - we're no longer British, we definitely don't want to be American - so what are we? Moreover, it does not help that NAFTA, globalization and a spreading global mono-culture are clouding the issue further."
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Canada's Hockey Culture, 2008.
This paper examines the role of the media in Canada's hockey culture.
1,482 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper illustrates how the media has constructed hockey along class and along ethno-linguistic lines. The paper looks at how hockey has been aggressively associated with violence and primitiveness and how these features have therefore been associated with working-class Canadians. The paper shows how hockey culture in Canada is an illustration of the tensions and preoccupations of Canadian society as a whole.
From the Paper
"The most obvious thing that springs to mind is that the media in Canada has enjoyed - if "enjoyed" is the right word - a curious relationship with the game of hockey. For one thing, ancient accounts of the game when it was first pushing its way into the commercial mainstream of Canadian society at the turn of the twentieth century seem to reveal a "chattering classes" that was acutely conscious of class divides. Specifically, newspaper accounts of the old International Hockey League that briefly survived from 1904 to 1907 suggest that the violence of the sport was rooted in its close association with working-class Canadians who played the professional game and who supported the professional game in large numbers (Mason & Duquette, 2004)."
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Tsunami Club Critique, 2008.
A critique of the Tsunami Club's physical exercise program with recommendations for improvements.
1,756 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques a program of the Tsunami Club, which specializes in karate, Japanese judo, and Brazilian jiu-jitsu for children aged 3-17 of both sexes. The paper focuses on this club because of its comprehensive programs involving judo that has been developed coast to coast and because the children's entire physical activity centers on them. The paper describes the program and concludes with recommendations for its improvement. a copy of an advertisement for the Tsunami Club is appended to the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction/Description
Program Critique
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Judo can be used effectively with children who have emotional, developmental and behavioral problems because they learn the power of concentration. The program should be expanded over the Toronto area as a teaching strategy for such children. Mannion (5) states that "the kicks, stances, punches and grappling of martial arts are a good way for children with behavioral problems to channel their aggression". At the same time, judo is not about the external so that teachers need to ensure that students are internalizing the lessons."
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