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Criminal Justice, 2008.
A discussion on mitigating both crime and overcrowded prisons.
919 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the criminal justice system in the United States and critiques the the prison system, speaking of problems such as overcrowding and dehumanizing conditions. The author discusses means to combat this problem; rehabilitative and preventive measures to mitigate both crime and overcrowded prisons. The paper suggests preventive and education programs in schools to discourage children from criminal activities at an early age so that they understand that there are consequences for such actions, and that society is being harmed if crimes are committed.
From the Paper
"All these factors result not only in overcrowding in prisons, but also in the concomitant factors of disease, a lack of reform, a lack of opportunity to reenter society, and more police officers to patrol the prison system in an increasingly dehumanizing way. This substantiates the concept that simply building more correctional facilities will only exacerbate the problem, as it will probably fill up even faster than it can be completed."
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Sexual Harassment in Secondary Schools, 2008.
An examination of the responsibility of others to intervene in cases of sexual harassment in secondary schools.
1,499 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the incidence of sexual harassment in secondary schools. It specifically questions whether sexual harassment in secondary schools is just the business of the victim and the perpetrator or whether others have an obligation to intervene. The paper concludes that students should be encouraged to tell what they suspect and adults need to teach them how to effectively deal with the problem. The paper contains original sources.
Table of Contents:
"Their" Business?
Evidence of "Cluelessness"
Examples of Sexual Harassment by Peers
Examples of Sexual Harassment by School Employees
Common Consequences
Confronting and Combating the Problem
From the Paper
"Confronting sexual harassment in secondary schools is not just the business of the victim and the perpetrator, but also the business of those in society who care enough to make a difference. Packman, Lepkowski, Overton, and Smaby point out that in addition to encouraging high school students to "tell" what they know when they are personally sexually harassed or know another student experiencing this malady, adults need to teach them how to effectively deal with the problem. When students have the opportunity to address this issue, it can spark creativity and energy and the skills to deal with not only sexual harassment, but also racism, bullying and other problems that they will have to face, not only as students, but ultimately as adults."
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The My Lai Massacre, 2008.
An examination of the investigation into the platoon members who were involved in the My Lai massacre during the Vietnam War.
2,239 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the My Lai massacre of unarmed civilians in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It describes the prelude to the massacre and the events that occurred. The paper then discusses the events that occurred after the massacre, including the investigation into the conduct of the members of the platoon. The paper focuses on the role of Lt. William Calley who was charged with 109 murders.
From the Paper
"The case was more than judicial and soon transformed into a PR campaign, with Calley selling his story to Esquire magazine and planning to start working on a book in which he would give his own side of the story. Some of the soldiers' confessions, such as Meadlo's, who proceeded to give a full account of the killings in one of the ditches, however, did not do much to help the defense. Calley's testimony used the idea of submitting to orders to justify the killings. According to his stance, his orders had included wiping out the village where Vietcong troops were supposedly hidden and he simply carried those out without considering the difference between men, women or children. This did not help, however, as he was convicted for the murder of at least twenty - two Vietnamese civilians . He was sentenced to life imprisonment at hard labor. However, because the case had been so publicized and politicized, he would eventually serve only several years under house arrest, and was eventually paroled in 1974."
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The Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq, 2008.
An examination of inhumane behavior towards Iraqi prisoners by US reserve troops.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In 2005, a 22 year old female reservist serving in Iraq, Lynndie England, admitted to seven charges of infraction and breaking of the United States Military's rules for handling prisoners of war under her charge as a United States Military prison guard at Abu Ghraib, Iraq. The author of the paper uses the example of Lynndie England to examine the situation that young, immature and inexperienced reserve soldiers find themselves in, the environmental factors that influence their behavior, and their capability to behave humanely. The writer suggest, that rather than accusing the perpetrator of degrading and inhumane acts of being inhuman, we should look at the situation where young, inexperienced adults are thrown into a totally alien situation and, in the absence of proper guidance or leadership, adopt the machoistic behavioral patterns that they perceive as being both expected of them and, in their situation, normal. The writer of the paper appends some of the sources used for the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
The Case of Lynndie England
Works Cited
From the Paper
"What this means is that a woman in the company of "revolutionaries," or, in the case of Abu Ghraib, a woman cannot achieve the maximum of her potential because in the presence of macho men, still struggling with their patriarchal "baggage," or those influences that prevent them from coming into the identity of their maturity. As we know, in some cases, this might not happen; in other cases, a man is able to put the patriarch in the proper perspective, and might emerge into maturity as an individual identity. Those men who successfully "liberate themselves of learned patriarchal patterns and tendencies will be able to come into their individuality and succeed beyond the restrictions of their fathers."
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Biometric Entry and Ignition System, 2008.
This paper looks at the use of biometric identification devices for vehicles.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that biometric devices such as fingerprint identification gadgets have only recently been applied to the motor industry. The writer points out that biometric technology developed beyond fingerprinting during the 1960s and 1970s, with the implementation of military biometric authentication procedures. The writer also notes that, controversially, biometric technology has also become part of the security measures put in place after 9/11. At airports, for example, biometric identification has been used to increase safety and security during flights. The writer discusses fingerprint biometric technology concentrating on the use of a fingerprint device within the motor industry. The writer concludes that with thorough research, fingerprinting devices for cars and other vehicles can join the existing pool of available devices in order to maintain the car owner's peace of mind and general security.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Background and Introduction
Main Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Because of its groundbreaking technology and the fact that it makes car theft more difficult than ordinary immobilizing devices, biometric fingerprinting devices for immobilizing and car door locking holds particular advantages over other anti-theft devices. The main advantage is that thieves who steal the car keys cannot either unlock or start vehicles with such devices. This is also useful for other vehicles such as trucks that hold valuable cargo. Of course there is the possibility of cutting off fingers, but the availability of easier targets of car theft can make this fairly unlikely.
"Generally, the use of fingerprinting in developing anti-theft devices for cars appears to have a very bright future. As the technology develops, the use of car keys could be entirely eliminated in the future."
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Surveillance Cameras: Detection and not Deterrent, 2008.
This paper is a research proposal about the use of surveillance cameras.
3,290 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 18 sources, APA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal about the use of surveillance cameras and their efficiency as a crime investigation tool as opposed to a deterring crime. In his introduction, the author of the proposal examines current literature regarding the utilization of video surveillance as a tool for fighting crime. In addition, the writer discusses the use of video surveillance as a crime deterrent, as well as an investigation tool. Finally, the author details his research proposal and procedure.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Research Design
Setting
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Analysis of Data
Implications of Proposed Research
References
From the Paper
"Much of the research surrounding video surveillance surrounds not public but private usage of video surveillance. The studies surround common crime centers such as convenience stores, which have been traditionally exposed to many crimes of property and often injuries and or loss of life. Convenience stores have taken many steps to reduce the incidence of robberies and one of them is implementing video surveillance, which often gets used by police to solve crime and at the very least create a set of information that time stamps occurrences and potentially offers identifying information of the suspects of the crime. The accepted existence of the cameras in such locations has not led to a decrease in robberies in most studies but is, when used correctly a substantial source of information for police when they are trying to apprehend criminals and explain forensic results."
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Perceptions of Crimes, 2008.
A study on the perceptions of crimes, based on gender and race.
3,577 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is a study that provides information on the varying perceptions of crime, which is contingent upon gender and race. The author describes his sample size of 200 tenants in a housing community, selected due to the varying races and the percentage of males and females and explains that the questionnaire provides information about the gender, race and the questions asked, which determine the perception of particular 'white collar crime' by the individual questioned. The author also details the study method and processes, and uses SPSS software to analyze the data collected. The paper also includes tables.
From the Paper
"From there it has been determined that crime has continued to capture the attention even though there has been a decrease in the number of crimes over the past decade. While this has been stated, a lot of attention has been paid to the propitious drop in the nation's crime rates. The rate of incarceration has been increased and has been considered one of the key factors behind this drop despite the fact that a number of notable criminologists disagree. This paper has brought out the fact that incarceration is one of the major consequences for youth and young adults arrested for committing violent crimes."
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Charlotte, North Carolina, 2008.
A profile of the city of Charlotte, North Carolina.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the history of Charlotte, North Carolina and discusses its university, dominant religion and its spectacular growth. The paper also relates, however, that with this economic boom and growth, have come increasing rates of murder, rape and juvenile crime. The paper posits that citizens of Charlotte must advance their efforts to stop the rise of crime, especially that of a juvenile nature.
From the Paper
"Since its beginnings, Charlotte has evolved into a bustling urban center of the South. It now reigns as one of the fastest growing cities on the East Coast. Charlotte has had a rich past, dating all the way back to before the Revolutionary War. Through the generations, it has continued to show promise, despite limitations such as the narrow needs of supporting the Caucasian majority of the population and fighting rising crime rates. However, recently new additions to transit systems and dedicated Police and Government officials have brought new hope to the city. More diversity is emerging out of the heart of Charlotte. Crime rates, especially murder, are decreasing from their 2005 highs."
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Domestic Violence, 2008.
An examination of the impact of domestic violence and promising programs to improve the results.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses domestic violence. It looks at the incidence of domestic violence and the factors that contribute to it. The paper then discusses the possible consequences of the continuation of domestic violence. Finally, the paper looks at promising approaches and programs that can be used to improve the outcome of domestic violence.
Table of Contents:
Need/ Problem Statement
Factors Contributing to the Problem
Impact of the Problem
Promising Approaches for Improved Results
From the Paper
"Still, these actions must be set to follow similar objectives. Thus, the program proposed should envisage the coordinated action of a center with trained personnel in order to offer assistance in terms of philological support for victims of abuse. At the same time, the particular shelter should also include the financial capabilities to support a larger number of victims asking for help. Finally, the program should take into account a preemptive action as well, in order to limit the implications of current domestic abuses taking place. In this sense, children who have been subject to such treatments should receive proper care, physical and psychological one in order to help them reintegrate in the society and in a sound family environment."
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Police Misconduct - Research Proposal, 2008.
A research proposal examining the incidences of police misconduct.
1,750 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper proposes a research study on the topic of police misconduct. The paper hypothesizes that socio-cultural issues, both within the police force jurisdiction as well as in the public community are often the 'root' cause of increased incidents and allegations of police misconduct. It also suggests that police misconduct is more likely to occur where a culture of violence exists in the community the police officers serve.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Problem Statement
Background of Study
Hypotheses
Research Design
Dependent Variables
Independent Variables
Data Analysis and Collection
Sampling
Ethical Issues
Literature Review
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work entitled: "Coping with Police Misconduct in West Virginia: Citizen involvement in Officer Disciplinary Procedures: A Review of Existing Law, Legislative Initiatives and Disciplinary Models" published by the West Virginia Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (2004) states that incidents of police misconduct continue unabated in West Virginia prompting advocates to call for improvements in existing procedures for handling citizen complaints against officers. This report does however remind the researcher that: "In order to minimize harm to others and to themselves, law enforcement officers must exercise critical and quick judgment, often when the circumstances are volatile and potentially deadly.""
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Theories of Crime, 2008.
A comparison of the philosophies of biological, biosocial and classical theories of crime.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts biological, biosocial and classical theories of crime. It discusses whether there is a value in using biological or biosocial concepts in criminology in contrast to strictly adhering to classical theory. The paper then looks at the philosophies of biological/biosocial advocates and discusses if supporters of the classical school would agree with these concepts philosophically or in terms of current crime control practices that they advocate.
From the Paper
"Biosocial theories stress that there is a need for society to change, as well as for the individual to change. Society must present so-called criminals with a greater range of life options, so that choosing to behave in more positive and productive ways seems more desirable and rational. New role models are needed for individuals in crime-ridden areas that do not validate the existence of a life of crime. However, the one aspect of crime prevention and treatment both the biosocial and classical schools do agree upon is the need to make crime less attractive through prevention, through the use of a positive police presence in communities, neighborhood watch groups, and vigilance of the community by law-abiding citizens. A positive law-abiding community will make the idea of committing crimes seem emotionally and socially as well as rationally less attractive."
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The Value of The Knock and Announce Requirement, 2008.
An examination of the history and value of the knock and announce requirement from the police.
2,912 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the knock and announce requirement within law enforcement. It discusses the history behind the requirement, as well as related police requirements when gathering evidence. The paper then looks at when and how it is meant to be applied by the police and it discusses the implications of violations of the requirement. The paper's sources are the case law which are cited in the endnotes. It does not contain a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Constitutional Protections and the Exclusionary Rule
Applying the Exclusionary Rule to Knock and Announce Violations
Weighing the Respective Interests of Constitutional Protections and Effective Policing
Alternative Remedies Consistent with the Concept of Harmless Error:
From the Paper
"Finally, with regard to appropriate remedies for impermissible police conduct in the form of knock and announce requirement violations, the Supreme Court suggested in Hudson that when rights are violated by police in good faith execution of otherwise valid search warrants, sufficient civil remedies exist for individuals harmed by such violations without requiring the exclusion of evidence as a remedy. The rationale of applying remedies for technical violations of constitutionally required police procedures is to deter impermissible police conduct in pursuit of evidence of criminal conduct. The exclusionary rule is appropriately applied where police conduct violates the safeguards against seizing evidence without a warrant. It is not appropriately applied for technical violations of knock and announce procedures of otherwise valid warrant executions."
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Juvenile Perceptions on Capital Punishment, 2008.
This paper examines the perceptions of juveniles on capital punishment.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between race and capital punishment. Specifically the researcher explores the racial differences in attitudes toward capital punishment, focusing on juvenile opinions. The paper examines factors affecting views on capital punishment, arguments for and against, attitudes towards the death penalty and provides a review of the literature used in the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature
What Predicts Death Penalty Support?
Arguments For and Against Death Penalty
Public Opinion and Attitudes
Death Penalty Attitudes of the Offender
Death Penalty Attitudes of Juveniles
Summary of the Literature
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Attitudes among juveniles regarding capital punishment are just as heated and challenging as they are among adults. While few studies directly explore the relationship between the death penalty and juveniles, there are reports provided by some empirical researchers suggesting by and large, the juvenile population is just as divided as the American people are on the issue. As noted in the introduction, the Death Penalty Information Center (2006) suggests at least 50% of all adults support the death penalty. However, the same group when offered other alternatives including the alternative of life without parole are likely to change their minds and their opinions of the death penalty. In ancient times, most people unequivocally supported the death penalty, as there were few resources available to conduct elaborate or even minimal burials to individuals that had committed crimes (Bedau & Cassell, 2004)."
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Forensic Psychology and Serial Murders, 2008.
A discussion on some of the most famous serial murderers who have been subjected to forensic psychology.
2,730 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This research examines the role and work of forensic psychology in solving serial murder cases. The serial murders who are studied for this report are Ted Bundy, John Wayne Gacy, Stephanie Wernick, Jeffrey Dahmer, and David Berkowitz; all convicted of brutal serial murders.
Outline:
Abstract
The Art and Science of Forensic Psychology
Fame and Stardom
Forensic Psychology and the Psychopath
From the Paper
"Bundy had the appearance of a college student, which must have made it easy for him to move around the campuses where he stalked young murder as potential victims. Also, Bundy's appearance as a young, handsome looking college student explains why he was able to lure more than 30 victims, because he had the appearance of being a trustworthy person. He was visually - and this was not lost on him - good television, because he was a handsome young man."
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