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Dr. Ossian Sweet, 2007.
This paper provides an opening statement for the defendant in the case of Dr. Ossian Sweet.
909 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides an opening statement in defense of the actions of African-American Dr. Ossian Sweet. The writer explains that Dr. Sweet, a law-abiding citizen, was faced with open hostility from members of racist organizations like the Klu Klux Klan, who barraged the Sweet family with threats almost as soon as the family arrived in Detroit. The writer describes how throngs of hostile Whites mobbed his house one night, throwing stones. The writer raises the issue of self defense and notes that we live in a divided world, in a divided city where many people fear losing their jobs and thus perhaps are more apt to fear people who are different. The writer concludes by asking the jury to honor their duties to the law and to simple humanity, and to imagine themselves in Dr. Sweet's shoes.
From the Paper
"Sweet was the grandson of lawbreakers--yes, run-away slaves, people for whom it was criminal to be free, people to whom this land should bow down and apologize for deferring the dream of freedom for yet another generation. Like his parents, Ossian Sweet believed that if only he worked hard, the American dream of success might be his, and that he might live free and proud, safe and secure in his own home. What more could any father want?"
"Sweet left the hated South, a Florida of lynchings and Jim Crow, and fled northward, as so many African-American have done, in search of greater opportunities. He dreamed and achieved the ultimate American dream of home ownership. But cruelly, in the Promised Land of the North, right here, in Detroit, he found only violence. Members of racist organizations like the Klu Klux Klan barraged the Sweet family with threats almost as soon as the family arrived."
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Serial Killers, 2007.
A look at the psychological profiles of some notorious serial killers.
2,641 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of serial killers. Specifically, it looks at Jeffrey Dahmer, Arthur Shawcross, Randy Craft, Aileen Wuornos, Bobbie Sue Terrell and Jane Toppan and explains their behavior from a psychological standpoint. It examines how they all meet specific psychiatric profiles and how serial killers have several commonalities that set them apart from the rest of the population.
From the Paper
"Aileen Wuornos also fits the pattern of a serial killer, as she believed her victims all deserved to die. So did Jeffrey Dahmer and Arthur Shawcross. Wuornos was a prostitute in Florida who killed seven victims after having sex with them. Unlike most of the other killers, she did kill for a motive; she wanted the victims' money. She, like the other killers, preyed on some of the most vulnerable people in society - men who wanted prostitutes, and, like many others, she was a sexual predator, killing after having sex. Dahmer and Kraft preyed on young men or homosexuals, Shawcross preyed on prostitutes, and Terrell and Toppan preyed on the elderly. All of these people had little or no defense, and so, they chose victims they knew they could dominate. "
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Social Work with Children, 2007.
An analysis of the non-secure group home system in the United States, focusing on children.
4,831 words (approx. 19.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the the non-secure group home system in the United States. According to the paper, in order to analyze this system, a look at the foster care system in New York City and the juvenile justice group home system in California is necessary.
Outline:
Administration for Child Services in New York
Need for Group Homes
The California Department of Juvenile Justice
The Juvenile Justice Group Home System
Conclusion
From the Paper
"New York finds itself underbudgeted and underfinanced for both homeless people, especially youth. There is no safety net for youth between 16 and 21, even though that is the crucial time for development of a stable life for them. Youth who enter foster care and youth who find themselves homeless have life histories that are similar and which include emotional or physical abuse, family violence, mental illness, drugs and poverty, which induces many other stressors. There are a disproportionate number of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender youth in the foster care program, the homeless youth and runaway youth. This may be caused by their sexual preferences being rejected by the family and being "kicked out" of their homes to become homeless or to go to foster care. However, in a foster care home, or on the streets the same conditions may exist or be even more severe (Ayala, p. 1)."
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Victims of Crime, 2007.
This paper discusses victims of crime and looks at demographic differences in this regard.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article,the writer discusses that theories about criminals have been with the field of criminology for thousands of years. The writer notes that while the first theories might have been primitive, they paved the way for advancements in science and technology to propose still more theories. Further, the writer claims that it is likely that other theories will be advanced in the future, and perhaps some of them will work to explain some of the criminal behavior that is still difficult and largely unexplainable today. The writer maintains that the theories have great importance in the field of criminology, as they work to help criminologists and police not only determine why a crime was committed, but perhaps help to stop further crimes in the future. The writer concludes that a crime is still a crime, and individuals and businesses that have been the victims must try to recoup losses.
From the Paper
"As advances in understanding of the mind and body began to occur, people began to realize that there might be various causes of criminal behavior. This led to the creation of more theories. Planetary influence, or a zodiac, was one theory presented. The theory after that concerned God's will. Around 3000 B.C., however, a theory was advanced based on medicine. Basically, it said that natural illness sometimes caused criminal behavior. This was vitally important to the study of criminality as the first human based, or physically based, theory that was presented."
"From this theory, other theories quickly sprang up as criminologists and researchers learned more about the human body. Once it was discovered that the brain played a role in criminal behavior, many other theories appeared. It was too easy to simply say that someone's brain caused them to be a criminal, so theories about different parts of the brain, different chemicals in the brain, and different brain wave patterns had to be discussed."
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Wrongful Convictions, 2007.
This paper discusses the phenomenon of wrongful convictions due to false confessions.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper explores why somebody would confess to a crime they did not commit and identifies several types of people who falsely confess. The paper discusses how the criminal justice system tends to set the confession of the defendant as the most important and irreversible proof of guilt, ignoring evidence to the contrary, other statements and other possible suspects. The paper maintains that it is crucial for the police to closely follow the criminal procedure even when faced with a confession from the most likely suspect.
From the Paper
"The English jurist William Blackstone once declared that it would be "better for ten guilty persons to escape than for one innocent to suffer" . The principle is still applicable today as wrongful convictions do so much damage and ruin so many lives. They can no longer be considered simple "regrettable anomalies " of a system that works properly. There are many factors leading to such unfortunate developments in a case out of which the most important are: insufficient, corrupted or false evidence, untrue witness statements, including confessions, biased evaluations and other unfortunate happenings. Wrongful convictions due to false confessions are a great problem that the criminal justice system has been and is still facing."
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Law and Police Powers, 2006.
A discussion regarding the role and function of the Australian police force, operating within the law.
2,527 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the role of the Australian police force and its power to operate within the law. The paper reports that Police officers, under the 'Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000', have become public officials. The paper further reports a rise in the number of people seeking assistance with public nuisance offenses, which are mostly are based on trivial factual scenarios. The paper goes on to explain that these offenses are arising not because of complaints from other citizens, but because the person's conduct is being interpreted by police as 'likely to interfere' with other people's enjoyment of a public space.
Outline:
Police Control and Power as a Subject of Controversy
Other Nations Struggle with the Problem of Broadened Police Power
How are the Laws Enforced?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In other lands, the controversy over police powers has come up from time to time. Sometimes the public is quick to set matters straight and put only reasonable powers into the hands of the police. In most nations, police powers include licensing, inspection, zoning, safety regulations (which cover a lot of territory), quarantines, and working conditions as well as law enforcement under the realm of police enforcement. In short, police powers are the basis of a host of state regulatory statutes. "
"In the United States, citizens take a dim view of unbridled police powers. They were quite condemnatory of Samuel A. Alito, a young U.S. President Ronald Reagan administration lawyer, and Supreme Court nominee, who took an expansive view of government law-enforcement powers in many cases where he was called upon to balance the prerogatives of police and prosecutors with the rights of individuals, according to 400 pages of documents released in November of 2005 by the U.S. Justice Department. For instance, while working in the Office of Legal Counsel from 1985 to 1987, Alito wrote an opinion allowing the Internal Revenue Service to secretly record conversations with taxpayers who were under investigation. "
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Crime Prevention, 2006.
A discussion regarding criminal activity and the possible prevention of crime by means of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED).
1,423 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses various statistics relating to criminal activity. The paper then goes on to discuss studies which show that property crime can also be prevented by manipulating the design of the separate properties and their relationship to each other and the surrounding neighborhood. This process is called crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED). According to the paper, the overall impact of CPTED by itself continues to be controversial. Specialists are more prone to accepting the fact that it is one of many measures that, taken together, can prevent or reduce crime.
From the Paper
"NIJ does say that these cases "suggest" that place-based crime prevention approaches that are designed to meet the needs of certain neighborhoods do indeed reduce crime, although they are not "prove" this is the result. "In practice, it would be as difficult as untangling a spider web to evaluate the effectiveness of specific place-based crime prevention measures applied to these residential areas" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328). Also, although crime data back the thesis that place-based applications work, "the physical, management and community organizational interventions in these cases are woven together in complex ways that defy individual analysis" (Cozens, 2005, p. 328)."
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Crystal Meth, 2006.
A discussion regarding methamphetamine or crystal meth.
3,135 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the abuse of methamphetamine, more commonly known as crystal meth. According to the paper, crystal meth has become the drug of choice as it is easy and inexpensive to manufacture and the effects of the drugs are long-lasting.
From the Paper
" Constantine was speaking about the lower crime rate experienced by New York City over a five-year time frame when more police were hired, and they were given the admonition to search out and obliterate all drug related crimes, from the street level up to the organized crime level. The program worked in a tremendous fashion, with all crime levels throughout the city from 1993-1998 declining in a dramatic fashion. Constantine also used the city of Baltimore as an example of the exact opposite approach, having the exact opposite results. A former mayor of the city of Baltimore told the public that the police would no longer arrest individuals or groups involved in small scale drug crimes. "
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Psychics and Criminal Justice, 2007.
An analysis of the modern role of psychics in criminal justice.
3,824 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the use of psychic individuals to assist in criminal justice investigations dates back more than 300 years to France and how the practice continues in some regions of the country today. It discusses how a belief in such powers endures into the 21st century suggests that there may in fact be something to these claims. The purpose of this paper is to determine the efficacy of the use of psychics in modern criminal justice proceedings. A critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature is accompanied by a custom survey to determine current beliefs concerning the practice today. A discussion of the results and conclusions are followed by a summary of the research and recommendations in the concluding chapter.
Outline
Introduction
Background of the Study
Problem Statement
Purpose and Objectives
Rationale
Definition of Terms
Limitations
Theoretical Framework
Research Hypotheses
Summary of Remaining Chapters
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Data Analysis
Discussion, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Certainly, there has been much skepticism concerning the reality of paranormal powers since antiquity. A number of "natural philosophers," people that would eventually be known as scientists when more organized systems of thought came into existence, disproved such claims several centuries ago (Randi, 1982). For example, in 1692, a French dowsing practitioner by the name of Jacques Aymar was hired by municipal authorities to discover a murderer by swinging a pendulum. According to Randi, "Apparently, it was believed that guilt was detectable by this means. Aymar is said to have led the officials to a nineteen-year-old hunchback who subsequently was 'broken on the wheel'--a particularly unpleasant death much favored as punishment for unpopular people like hunchbacks" (Randi, 1982, p. 3). "
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Values in Justice System Organizations, 2006.
A review of the organizations that play a part in crime prevention and the justice system.
2,402 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the various organizations that are necessary in a successful justice system. The paper also takes a look at the core values necessary to ensure a successful justice system and a safe and peaceful society.
Outline:
Core Values
Significance of Values
Problems of Lack of Values
Police and Correctional Agencies
Police
Correctional Facilities
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Each justice organization should develop a set of values that reflects its own community. An organization's executives and top members should first clearly explain the values to all others. Then the executives should also ask each member of the organization to understand these values and communicate if they find any complexity. Pre established set of values must be well articulated throughout the organization. For this purpose there should be a proper channel of communication of the values. Each member of the organization should clearly and completely understand each and every value that has been set for the organization. This process ensures that the each member of the organization works for the common goals, have shred vision and as a result it helps in enforcing the organization's philosophy."
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Child Sexual Abuse, 2006.
A review of how sexual abuse cases are perceived differently by police officers, depending on the sex of the perpetrator.
951 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of a theory that the gender of the perpetrator has a different impact on male and female police officers' perceptions of child sexual abuse. According to the paper, a recent study provided evidence and validity to this theory that police officers, both male and female, view the seriousness of child sexual abuse differently depending on the gender of the perpetrator.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The study set out to examine the attitude differences in female and male police officers when it came to investigating child sexual abuse. The study wanted to explore whether men and women officers felt differently about the seriousness of the crime depending on the gender of the person accused of doing it."
"Researchers chose 361 police officers in Australia to be participants in the study. The study used a self reporting questionnaire for the purpose of ascertaining the attitudes of those officers when it came to investigating male and female suspects in child sexual abuse cases(Tyson, 2004). "
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Gary Kremen, 2007.
A review of the life and history of Gary Kremen.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the life of Gary Kremen, a life that is closely linked to the controversy and legal battle surrounding the ownership of sex.com. According to the paper, the sex.com case was a traumatic and multidimensional court case which serves to highlight the tenacity and perseverance of the character of Gary Kremen in the face of daunting opposition and legal odds. The paper also discusses how this case highlights the interaction between the legal system and the changing world of online commerce.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview: Gary Kremen and online entrepreneurship
Overview: personal and business history
Brief overview of business accomplishments and history
The Sex.com saga
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However it is the Sex.com case and legal battle which has riveted the media and public attention. Kremen registered the domain name sex.com in 1994. However, in 1996 a convicted fraudster, Stephen M. Cohen, contacted Network Solutions and had the domain transferred to his name. This was to result in a protracted legal battle over a number of years about the ownership of sex.com Cohen was supported by his influence and contacts in the pornography industry in the country. He also had large financial resources and had the financial ability to fight a lengthy and expensive legal battle. In brief, Kremen was to succeed with the assistance of some of Cohen's rivals in the pornography and adult industry. "Kremen took the upper hand when two of Cohen's rivals in the pornographic industry, Seth Warshavsky and Ron Levi, helped fund Kremen's case."
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Criminal Justice System, 2006.
A review of the models used today for law enforcement and a discussion about policing policies throughout the nation.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an examination of two models of criminal justice and how they impact the United States. In addition, the paper explores the three styles of policing by James Q. Wilson and explains how they apply to the criminal justice system in America.
Outline:
Introduction
The Models
Crime Control Model
History
From the Paper
"There are many different styles of policing utilized today. In many instances the decision about which style to use depends on a combination of factors, including politics, population density, funding and law enforcement manpower. "
"According to James Q. Wilson's theory, policing can involve one of three styles. The first style is the legalistic style. In this style, laws and bills are passed that are used to insure the public's safety through their use in the criminal justice system. Whether it is a misdemeanor defendant going to court or a felon facing prison for the third time, the legalistic system provides methods to remand suspects to incarceration and keep them there for periods of time (Wilson, pp)."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the debate over whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to violent crimes. It examines both sides of the debate in order to determine if the death penalty is an effective deterrent to crime or if it is simply a waste of taxpayer money. The paper presents sociological studies supporting both sides of this aspect of the death penalty debate.
Table of Contents:
Comparative Studies
Econometric Studies
How do we Decide Who is Right?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On the other hand, opponents cannot disprove a causal relationship either. However, the burden of proof is not upon them. If they can discredit the argument of the other side by presenting conflicting results and inconclusive evidence, then their argument is supported by default. The original research question was whether the death penalty acts as a deterrent to murder. If one considers the lack of positive proof, then the answer would have to favor those that say it does not. Therefore, one could support the position that due to a lack of substantial evidence that the death penalty deters crime, the practice of the death penalty must be reconsidered in support of less severe punishment. Those that oppose the death penalty do so based on a lack of evidence that it deters crime. This argument is logical, even in light of lack of evidence to the contrary."
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