| Papers [15-28] of 3474 :: [Page 2 of 249] | | Go to page : <— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 —> | |
|
|
Kidney Trafficking, 2008.
A discussion of the illegal trafficking of kidneys around the world.
2,215 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 40.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the case against Dr. Horror-Amit Kumar, the alleged mastermind of a shocking and reportedly expansive kidney trafficking ring, which has raised eyebrows in Canada, Europe, the United States, India and in civilized societies around the world. The paper explains that a clandestine, crime-syndicate-driven network of doctors have been providing stolen kidneys to wealthy people in India and other venues. The paper claims that this is an outrageously unethical and illegal violation of values and human rights. It argues for a world-wide cooperative strategy, run through the United Nations, the World Health Organization, or other respected international agencies, that will address the best way to get needed organs to people regardless of their ability to pay. The paper concludes that this issue has not received serious attention because Western nations are preoccupied with fighting terrorism.
From the Paper
"These illegally harvested kidneys were believed to have been transplanted into "more than 500 kidneys into foreign and well-paying Indian patients." Where did Kumar and his colleagues get those kidneys? The Star claims that Kumar made a "desperate attempt to bribe Nepalese police" when they arrested him in his hotel room in southern Nepal. Reportedly, Kumar offered police "2 million rupees" if they would let him go. They refused.
"Moreover, reports in the Star indicate that Kumar "and his network forcibly removed kidneys from more than 500 poor laborers over a period of nine years." One of those men was an Indian laborer named Shakeel Ahmad, according to the Star (February 10, 2008), who stood on the side of the main road to Delhi as he always did, waiting for someone to pick him up and offer him a job digging ditches or hauling heavy materials."
| |
|
False Accusations, 2008.
This paper discusses how a person's reputation may be ruined by accusations and concentrates on the case of baseball star Barry Bonds.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that the reputation of a political figure, of an eminent student, or of an athlete is one of the most important aspects of his career. However, the writer notes that once a scandal breaks out in which one's reputation is torn apart, no matter the actions undertaken following such an event or whether one is guilty of the charges being brought upon him or not, that reputation can rarely be saved and rebuilt. The writer discusses that the case of baseball star Barry Bonds is a worthy example of the fact that scandals, regardless of their factual support, can decisively ruin one's reputation and image, not only towards the fans, but also in regard to the sponsors and investors. The writer concludes that in the eyes of the world, Bonds is guilty for the simple fact of having cast a doubt on his performances and may end up being labeled as just another player on steroids.
From the Paper
"The rivalry existing between the two of them manifested at all levels, but especially concerning the physical abilities. In an attempt to take away the chance of winning new standards on world records, Bonds appealed to Anderson, a weightlifting trainer, who provided the athlete steroids as well. The visible changes that were noticed on Bonds' body made the world suspicious over the possibility of the athlete using steroids. However, neither his innocence nor his guilt can so far be proved.
"There are those who argue in support of the athlete's innocence, and others who argue against. Bonds' claims of innocence are based on the idea that although his test results did come up suggesting he has taken steroids, knowingly, he did not consume any enhancing performance drugs."
| |
|
Major Elements of Police Training, 2008.
A critical review of the requirements for training police on use of effective deadly force.
5,062 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 16 sources, APA, £ 74.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a thorough analysis of how police training on deadly force affects the incidences and use of deadly force. The paper asserts that the literature clearly demonstrates that the current police system does have serious problems with police use of deadly force but research also suggests that the right training mechanism for use of deadly force can lead to better outcomes for society. The paper then presents a comprehensive analysis of how police training on deadly force affect the incidences and use of deadly force. The paper also identifies the internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness of police training on deadly force.
Outline:
Principles of an effective training strategy
literature structure
methodology
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"There is the common misconception that any training program aimed at conflict resolution and negotiation is simple about combating terrorism or social disorder. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlined, the training program for the police on deadly force has to surpass combating terrorism and social disorder, but has to have an overarching aim of promoting full-fledged peace initiatives and combating all aspects of any activity that poses a threat to society's safety."
| |
|
Effects of Risk Perception on Risk-Taking, 2008.
A summary and review of "The Contingent Effects of Risk Perception on Risk-Taking Behavior: Adolescent Participative Orientation and Marijuana Use", the authors C.F. Lee, Y. Su, and B.P. Hazard
4,419 words (approx. 17.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 68.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper critiques an article about the use of marijuana by American high school seniors, entitled "The Contingent Effects of Risk Perception on Risk-Taking Behavior: Adolescent Participative Orientation and Marijuana Use". The paper first explains that the authors of the report see marijuana use as an example of risk-taking behavior, and presume that a reduction in marijuana use would mean that the perception of risk has increased and that this is leading to a lower rate of use. The paper then goes on to summarize the report and explain its findings.
From the Paper
"The authors find that risk perception by itself accounts for about 21% of the variation in risk-taking behavior of marijuana use. Using the four participative orientations - sports, fun, school, and creative - the explained variance of marijuana use was increased to 33%, and all activity orientations except creative significantly affected marijuana use. Sports and school showed relatively small negative effects, while fun activities had a distinctively large and positive effect on marijuana use. The authors also find after analysis that the net effect of risk perception on marijuana use was statistically insignificant. "
| |
|
Money Laundering, 2008.
This paper examines money laundering and the scope of this illegal activity.
1,491 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper defines money laundering and explores the various methods used by international criminal organizations. The paper looks at how successful law enforcement has been in dealing with this significant problem and concludes that Interpol is failing miserably at curtailing money laundering activities. The paper reveals that criminal organizations are making monstrous profits and, in the case of the Russian Mafia, have powerful allies at the highest reaches of government.
From the Paper
"Put briefly, money-laundering is the complicated process by which the origins of monies gained through illegal activities are cleverly concealed from law enforcement authorities or from tax auditors. Understandably, it is done to evade the unwanted attention of police and government officials and to evade prosecution for illegal acts. Because of the consequences that come with getting caught, those who engage in money laundering must rely upon a wide array of complex techniques to evade capture - only some of which can be highlighted below."
|
| Essay # 105270 |
temporarily unavailable
|
|
|
|
Criminal Liability and Defenses, 2008.
A discussion on criminal liability cases and the noted defenses to each.
3,098 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper begins with an overview of how criminal liability is measured in terms of the degrees and principles surrounding liability. The crux of the paper, however, concentrates on aspects of the legal framework that provide defenses to criminal liability. This analysis is then supported with a theoretical framework and findings from the literature that are used to provide thorough analyses related to defenses to criminal liability.
Outline:
Introduction
Legal Framework of Criminal Liability
Strict Liability and the Defense
Justification of Criminal Conduct
Criminal Liability
Defense
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The criminal liability relationship highlighted within the paper and later presented with examples for defenses to criminal liability is affected by differences related to types of crimes; such as, criminal conduct and true crimes. That is, the degree of liability within the former does not require all of the principles to be upheld while with the latter it is necessary that the corpus delicti rule holds. As such the measures of criminal liability are different across categories and may not be easily quantified in the relationship outlined in the equation specified throughout the paper. An example of the former is a burglary while of the latter its homicide, the difference within these two crimes is a clear indication of why criminal liability is not a trivial issue and why it is not always a direct relationship and how defenses can be formulated within the legal context (Schellenger & Wittmer, 2003, p. 1).
In the general scenario, the degree of liability can be easily established via culpability, capacity, and responsibility along with the five principles highlighted, however the logical structure of criminal liability is not as simple as the formula above highlights but has different scenarios and principles that will affect how the law is quantified or how the degree of criminal liability is measured."
| |
|
Deviance Theory and Criminology, 2008.
This paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of deviance theory and its impact on the field of criminology.
1,392 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that although the theory of deviance helps to shed light on some of the reasons people engage in criminal actions, the theory is a social construct and is thus inherently flawed. The paper maintains, that this theory should, therefore, occupy only a minor role in the field of criminology. The paper also asserts that this theory only be employed as a means of interpretation of the criminal mind when there is no possibility that the root cause of deviance may lie within the society and not the individual.
Outline:
Introduction
Strengths
Weaknesses
Deviance and Criminology
From the Paper
"The theory of deviance is not organic. Broadly defined, deviance is behavior that violates the norms of a particular society. Thus, the theory is a creation of society, and a social construct that labels persons within a society as outcasts because they tend to display certain behaviors that society deems reprehensible. Deviance, then, is best understood as an artificial creation, which fits neatly into the realms of academic disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, psychology and social psychology to explain the unexpected actions of individuals. Most of all, the theory helps us to understand the most reprehensible among us: the criminal. "
| |
|
The Russian Mafia versus the Japanese Yakuza, 2008.
This is a comparative paper between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza and includes the topics of how each is organized, the methods used, and their respective histories.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 38.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the many similarities and few differences between the Russian Mafia and the Japanese Yakuza. Specifically, the paper looks at how each is organized, the methods each employs, and the respective histories of each organization. In so doing, the paper ultimately argues that the chief differences between the two organizations are twofold: the Russian Mafia, for historical and cultural reasons, is even more powerful than its Japanese counterpart because of its close ties to the Russian state, and the Russian Mafia is even more brutal in its methods than the Yakuza - or most anyone else. In the final analysis, Robert I. Friedman and other close observers are not wrong to view the "Red Mafiya" with trepidation and dread.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Japanese Yakuza is Organized
How the Russian Mafia is Organized
The Methods Employed by the Japanese Yakuza
The Methods Employed by the Russian Mafia
History of the Japanese Yakuza
History of the Russian Mafia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Russian Mafia has been around at least as long as its Yakuza counterpart. James O. Finckenauer writes that stealing the Czar's timber was not considered criminal during much of modern Russian history and professional criminals in the early years of the twentieth century conspired with Marxist political revolutionaries to overthrow first the Czar and then the short-lived revolutionary government that followed. While it is not clear, it appears as though the modern-day Russian Mafia was shaped by the exigencies of the Soviet-era Communist economy - an economy that often failed to provide adequately for its citizens. As a result, a 'shadow' economy sprang up, and it was one in which a criminal entrepreneurial class able to operate outside the law found the perfect climate in which to flourish."
| |
|
Three Strikes and Recidivism, 2008.
The paper proposes a study on the effects of Three Strikes legislation upon recidivism.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 16.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper reviews studies on the effect of mandatory sentencing upon recidivism as well as the deterrence effect of Three Strikes legislation. The paper highlights the political overtones of these studies and then discusses the design of a study to determine the effects of the Three Strikes legislation upon recidivism.
From the Paper
"The most blatant symptom that the corrections system is not functioning properly is the rate of recidivism, those that were thought to have been rehabilitated or paid their debt to society become re-involved with the criminal justice system. Prisons are far too crowded and society will not tolerate a revolving door policy, either felons once convicted need to be permanently separated from society or upon their release need to feel highly motivated to choose another path and not become a repeat customer. One area of particular interest and controversy are the "Three Strikes" laws of many states; understanding that there are a myriad of theories concerning the reduction of recidivism, a study of the effects of enhanced sentencing for repeat offenders was selected."
| |
|
Gangs and Drugs, 2008.
An analysis of the methods applied to combat the problems of gang and drug abuse.
1,156 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper suggests, with descriptive examples, various solutions to the drug problem with specific reference to the methods of "suppression" and "intervention." The paper clearly explains the terminology and its method of application and concludes that suppression appears to be the more successful approach. The paper also details the reasons for the apparent success of suppression methods.
Outline:
Introduction
Intervention
Suppression
Suppression versus intervention
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Suppression been successful tool in preventing gangs and drug crimes on the street, but it has been used behind prison walls with much fanfare. The suppression strategies used in prison include the separation and isolation of gang members and leaders and prison lockdowns (Kawachu, Marquart, & Trulson, 2006). In 110 Texas prisons from 1990 to 1999, out of 39,237 incidents of inmate on inmate violence, only 1,136 were gang related, averaging "less than three gang-related incidents per prison unit, per year.
| |
|
Police Training, 2008.
This paper discusses what are the necessary components of police training on deadly force and looks at how it can benefit society.
2,269 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that police training on deadly force is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This paper highlights the major elements of the police training program that are necessary, while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the political, social, and economic environment that either pose an opportunity or threat to the proposed training initiative on deadly force. This paper gives a through outline of the important aspects of how a training process for deadly force should be developed. The analysis also integrates aspects or theories related to formal criminological training methodologies or functions that are integrated with other efficiency parameters related to social justice, social norms and behaviors, as well as other aspects of conflict resolution within the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Major Elements of Police Training Paper
Section 1: Principles of an Effective Training Strategy
Table 1: Training Modules & Leadership
Literature Structure
From the Paper
"McElvian provides a through analysis of how police shootings affect citizens' behavior and uses this framework to show how police training on deadly force will have an effect on the outcome. Similar articles that model societal change and behaviors with interlinkages with police training on deadly force include the articles by Remsberg, Lewinski and Hudson, and Weeg. These papers are presented below and even show how training on deadly force affects efficiency and improves the effectiveness of police departments. Many of the articles above also show provide universal characteristics on how police training on deadly force can be considered effective and efficient. The table below highlights the articles that will be utilized for the paper."
| |
|
Youth Crime, 2008.
This paper examines Orem's self-care theory in relation to teenagers who instigate crimes.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 18.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses Miami, Florida's trend of attacks on the disabled, elderly and homeless by teenagers. The paper looks at Orem's nursing model and demonstrates how community health nursing interventions might be used for this vulnerable population. The paper explains that community nurses will need to advocate for change and collaborate with agencies such as the Miami-Dade County Youth Crime Task Force (YCTF). The paper shows how through use of the model, youth can enlarge their options for decision-making, can begin to be empowered and to enjoy improved quality of life.
From the Paper
"Miami, Florida is the site of a most disturbing trend of attacks on the disabled, elderly, and especially the homeless. What makes these crimes so socially significant is that they very often are committed by preadolescent children who are influenced by teenagers. In a recent highly publicized case, a Vietnam veteran who was both disabled and homeless was severely beaten with bricks by a teenager and two ten-year-old boys. In another case, a homeless man was beaten to death by two teenagers; the crime was captured on a bank security tape."
| |
|
Police and Behavioral Science Units, 2008.
This paper discusses the creation of a behavioral science unit
for police department personnel.
852 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 17.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper relates that behavioral science units have been implemented in police departments to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. The paper then outlines a proposed behavioral science unit for a police department, including its mental health components, the services the mental health professionals would provide to the department and the structure of the unit.
Outline:
Specific Components of the Behavioral Science Unit and Their Justification
Services the Mental Health Professionals Would Provide to the Department
Structure of the Unit
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Behavioral Science Units have been implemented in police departments across the country to lessen the stress of trauma and reduce the impact of potential trauma an officer may face in the line of duty. It has been determined that a "...systemic view needs to be taken in order to develop effective policy and intervention strategies that will reduce psychological distress and enhance morale among police officers" (Hart, Headey, & Wearing, 1995, p. 156). Implementation of such units is beneficial for the emotional and psychological well-being of officers and should be required of all law enforcement agencies. The mission of the Behavioral Science Unit will be to coordinate employee assistance services for officers and their families, for problem assessment and identification, and if necessary, to arrange referral to other facilities and/or services."
|
|
|
