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Kenneth Burke's "New Rhetoric", 2008.
An outline of Marie Hochmuth's article "Kenneth Burke and the 'New Rhetoric'" published in The Quarterly Journal of Speech.
2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Kenneth Burke's theory of the "new rhetoric" - in which he saw culture as a kind of language of contextual symbols. The "symbolic construction of social reality" is the topic of scholarly debate and discussion even fifty-seven years after the publishing of his groundbreaking book "A Rhetoric of Motives". The paper notes that what Burke meant by "new rhetoric" according to Marie Hochmuth - writing in The Quarterly Journal of Speech - applies interestingly and poignantly to a review of many cultural settings, including the American style of weddings. The paper looks at the American institution of a wedding, with all the traditions, myths, spoken ceremonial words and rituals, and critiques the wedding as a tradition and as a cultural institution, using the new rhetoric interpretations and strategies put forward by Burke.
From the Paper
"The bride wears white, presumably to signify her purity. But in other cultures, most notably India and Japan, red rather than white is the customary color of first-time brides. Even in our own culture, white was not the customary color for a wedding dress until the 19th century, when Queen Victoria wore white at her wedding. Also, for a long time, women did not have enough money to have a new dress, so they wore their best dresses, unless they were wealthy, but now that clothing is cheaper, almost everyone wears a special dress for the day. Even if someone defies these norms, such an act is consciously interpreted as defiance. People do not exist outside of the symbolic language of the culture in which they find themselves."
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Punitive Incarceration, 2008.
An overview of the outcomes of punitive incarceration approaches as opposed to community-based rehabilitation alternatives.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the numerous reports and studies that attest to the high incarceration rates in American prisons. The paper explores the reason for this high rate of incarceration and notes that it is biased towards women of color. The central aim of this paper is to ascertain the given causes and reasons for the high rate of gender disparity in the prison system. This paper takes into account the question of whether punitive approaches or community-based rehabilitation are the best options for this gender group.
From the Paper
"There is a wide range of causes given for this situation with regard to the high percentage of women of color in our prisons. One of the central causation factors is trauma and abuse among women of all races. Studies show, for example, that there is a high correlation between abuse and trauma and arrests for juvenile delinquency. (Chesney-Lind and Okamoto, 2001) It has also been found that, "... children who experience abuse of any kind have typically been found to run away at higher rates than their non-abused peers" (Trogdon S. 2006). An important point is the link between abuse and later criminal activity. In a study by Jimerson et al (2004) it was found that that females in detention for delinquency crimes are often much more likely to have been abused before incarceration than men. The figures quoted are sixty-eight percent of women abused compared to nineteen percent of men. "
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Sex Trafficking, 2008.
An outline of the sex trade in the United States.
1,545 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper states that slavery in the form of human sex trade trafficking still exists. The paper comments that the United States is the second most trafficked destination for women caught in the sex trade. The paper records that the problem of sex trafficking has called many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), governments and researchers to discover the facts involved in the practice. This paper shows the extent and complexity of the problem, who is involved, where it happens, and what is being done. The paper proceeds by highlighting the extent that politics and regional conditions affect the sex trade. The paper questions the effect this trade has on government and what the government has done to curb this problem.This paper also identifies what information is available to answer these questions.
From the Paper
"Governments and NGOs have committed much time, money, and effort to the reduction of human trafficking around the world. The United States enforced the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) in 2000 in order to track and shut down trafficking organizations. Following 9/11, the United States has additionally tightened security, making it more difficult for traffickers to transport individuals into the United States The Bush Administration has also taken on sex trafficking as a "key humanitarian issue" during the government's War on Terror. "
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Early American Female Writers, 2008.
Looks at poetic themes of female writers in America before 1865.
2,850 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Anne Bradstreet, Emily Dickinson and Margaret Fuller are among the most famous and acclaimed women writers in America before 1865. However, of the three, Margaret Fuller is the only one who actually dedicated her writings to the gender hierarchy issue, which was specific to the nineteenth century. The author points out that, even if other women writers did not openly address the gender issue in their works, there is still a hidden tension in their thought that is obviously caused by their difficulty in finding their own voice in the male-dominated literary world. The paper concludes that their poetic themes indicate the relationship, which existed between the women and the world that surrounded them at this time.
From the Paper
"Emily Dickinson is arguably a writer of genius with a genuine, extremely personal voice and one of the greatest female writers of all times. Dickinson's poetry is remarkable thus for its original tone and also for the poet's unparalleled and ingenious use of language. Perhaps surpassing most of her contemporaries in her art, Dickinson approaches a great variety of themes in her poetry. If Bradstreet asserted herself through her unusual erudition as a woman for her time and the very incipient feminine subjectivity and Fuller through her outright feminine voice, Dickinson represents, in a way, a step further for the female voice in literature."
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Abusive Relationships, 2008.
A report on the many forms of abusive relationships.
1,646 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper states that about twenty to fifty percent of women all over the world suffer from physical, psychological or sexual abuse, according to an article in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence. The paper notes the fact that many women do not even recognize that they are in an abusive relationship - or they are in denial about it - and often they do not know how to escape from it. Abusive relationships are a social problem of enormous breadth. This paper reviews several kinds of abusive relationships and integrates the Herbert Blumer five distinctive stages into the narrative as well.
From the Paper
"Glennys Parker of the University of Newcastle in Australia, and Christina Lee of the University of Queensland recently conducted a study of 143 women who had been abused in relationships; the results of their work is published in the Journal of Interpersonal Violence in September 2007. Their study in effect helps legitimize the problem in terms of its importance in the #2 on Blumer's model ("The Legitimation of the problem"). The researcher found that the threats to the well being of abused women include "physical trauma, gynecological problems, chronic pain" along with "medically unexplained symptoms" like backaches, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues."
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"Cassandra", 2008.
A comparison of Homer's "Iliad" with Christa Wolf's "Cassandra" - an account of war by a man and a woman, respectively, on the same topic.
1,433 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the novel, "Cassandra," written by Christa Wolf. It discusses how the novel is a woman's view on war and why it is given such importance. The paper discusses the plot of the story and the style in which Wolf wrote it. The paper briefly compares Wolf's "Cassandra" with Homer's "Iliad" which is an account written by a man on the same topic.
From the Paper
"In Cassandra however, he can still boast but doesn't always get away with it. In a rather accusatory and insulting tone, Wolf referred to Achilles in this way: "A fiend in battle so that everyone would see he was not a coward, he did not know what to do with himself once the fighting was done...And this is the man to whom Calchas the seer later had to turn over his daughter." (83) Cassandra believed that Achilles' brave soldier act was but only a facade. While Homer mentions facts to capture the essence of Achilles' personality, Wolf uses observation and perception to get her results. The bottom line was the same in both cases: Achilles was an arrogant fool. But Homer said it in much different manner than Wolf. And this is what sets Cassandra apart from male accounts of Trojan War."
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The Bolivian, Cuban and Chilean Revolutions, 2008.
A comparison and contrast of the Bolivian, Cuban and Chilean revolutions.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a comprehensive overview of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952 and then compares and contrasts the revolution in Bolivia with the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and attempted revolution of the Allende presidency in Chile in the early 1970s. It explores the militaries involved, the United States involvement in each country and the economy and positions held by the people of each country. The paper concludes with an opinion of how things could have been done differently if the researcher were a woman revolutionary in one of the countries discussed above.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overview
Comparison and Contrast
Reflections
From the Paper
"The Cuban Revolution of 1959 resulted in the overthrow of the leader who was a general at the time, Fulgencio Batista (Hugh, 1998). Many people also use the term "revolution" to describe ongoing changes and additions of programs that were social and economic in nature, many of which adopted a Marxist position (Hugh, 1998). The revolution began with an attack of guerillas on the "Moncada Barracks" and although many leaders passed, Fidel Castro and his brother survived although they were later captured. Fidel Castro was resigned to a sentence of 15 years imprisonment on an island while his brother received 13 years (Hugh, 1998). However, there were still many among the general population that supported Castro so they instead had them cast into Mexico, where they gathered together an independent army to overthrow the Batista (Fermoselle, 1987). What is similar between the Bolivian revolution and the Cuban revolution is the fact that many revolutionaries in Cuba and different groups including the militia, miners and peasants in Bolivia were fighting against each other and for different causes. There lacked consistency of purpose which ultimately affected the economy of each land and resulted in lack of a dedicated leader all could approve of."
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The Mexican Revolution and Women, 2008.
A look at how the Mexican Revolution changed the lives of Mexican women.
1,493 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper offers a general overview of the Mexican Revolution and focuses on the lives of two prominent Mexican females, Tina Moddotti and Anita Brenner. The paper shows how the Mexican Revolution, both in Mexico and abroad, was shaped and carried on by female leadership, making the war, in a sense, a feminist revolution.
Outline:
Introduction
The Mexican Revolution
Women of the Mexican Revolution
Tina Moddotti and Anita Brenner: Two Great Women Revolutionaries
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Mexican Revolution lasted from approximately 1910 to 1917. Not to be confused with the Mexican War of Independence from Spain, or Mexican War of Independence, the Mexican Revolution was a period of political, social and military conflict and social turmoil commences with the call to arms issued by Francisco I. Madero and included the overthrow of Dictator Porfirio Diaz Mori and the rise and fall of Madero as president. It is estimated that over one million people were killed during the revolution. (McLynn, 2002)."
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Relationship Dissolution, 2008.
Explores relationship dissolution, the course of terminating a relationship when at least one partner makes the choice to do so.
2,755 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various theories as to the cause of relationship breakups. The author points out that, although most people perceive divorce as a "botched" relationship and breakups as being intrinsically negative, many researchers now see the liberation from otherwise bad relationships as a success rather than failure. The most recent approach to relationship dissolution is to treat it as a basic element in the life of the relationship, not as a separate event or course of action. The paper concludes by presenting strategies for breaking up gracefully such as accepting the fact that some relationships will end without blaming the former partners.
From the Paper
"The concept of treating dissolution as something talked about and negotiated over a period of time between partners is another option to consider, by incorporating strategies in which partners persuade one another out of the relationship. Such negotiations view the dissolution as a multifaceted series of activities with several stages and features, and specifically regard dissolution as partly a complex activity that involves other people. This method centers less on the troubles that caused the decision to separate, and more on the ways in which dissolution is handled."
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Gender and the Fashion Industry, 2008.
This paper discusses the blaming of gay men for the emaciation of women within the fashion industry.
1,725 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many media sources, have targeted, not commercial or cultural pressures that encourage women to tailor their bodies to fit the image of the moment--whether that be fat or thin, voluptuous or skinny--but instead have cited gay men's dominance in the fashion industry as the reason that so many thin models dominate the catwalks. The writer discusses whether this supposed cause of female emaciation is endemic to the popular media's homophobia, or whether it has its roots in academic discourse. Further, the writer discusses how academic discourse can help us escape this polarization of gay and feminist liberation ideals, or whether these two movements are really opposed in their larger cultural and epistemological aims. The writer concludes that women must reject the objectifying gaze that forces them to 'see' one another as heterosexual men provided by the industry, and offer new ways of seeing, thinking, and conceptualizing sexuality beyond the idea of beauty at all.
Outline:
Position Paper
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The desires of an individual designer can hardly explain the validation of a certain body type for an entire media industry that spills over into advertising and other forms of representational culture, not simply fashion. The aesthetic discourse privileges images of masculinity transposed upon women's bodies, according to Bordo, not femininity, and masculinity is associated with wealth, intelligence, hard work, and restraint. That is why women strive to embody slenderness, not because fashion advertisements 'tell' them to do so, or because designers are consciously communicating explicitly anti-female messages.
"Writing around the same time as Bordo, Robert Radford noted in the Journal of Design History, that the blame for negative or desexualized female images being laid at the feet of gay men is long-standing within the academic discourse of psychoanalysis and cultural criticism. "
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Depression in Women, 2008.
This paper looks at the issue of depression among women and argues that women suffer more than men from this mental health complaint.
2,386 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of psychology in women. Specifically, the writer discusses depression in women as a result of emotional, physical, and mental abuse. The writer maintains that psychologically, women are more likely to suffer from depression than men. The writer discusses that women suffer from depression for a variety of reasons, from post-partum depression after giving birth to any number of emotional and physical reasons, such as abuse and fear of abuse. The writer concludes that women suffer more from depression, and women suffer more from emotional and physical abuse, and so, the two are intertwined when it comes to women's physical and mental health.
From the Paper
"Thus, depression is not only a personal problem that can affect the woman and her family, it is a problem for the entire country, and solving it could lead to better productivity, along with a greater sense of well being for many American women. In addition, many women ignore depression and its signs, which can help lead to deeper depression and more difficulties in treating the disease.
"It is also interesting to note that psychologically, women generally respond differently to depression. Men tend to look outside themselves for the source of their depression, and attempt to correct or control the causes and so end their depression. Women handle depression differently."
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Women After WWII, 2008.
An analysis of how women's roles changed during and after World War II until today.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the effects of World War II on women's roles and explains how the need for women to join the workforce, the mass migration from the East and Midwest to the West Coast and the move of African-American women to the North all accounted for women's continued role in the workforce. The paper discusses the period of the 1950s that idealized the nuclear family but then describes the subsequent rise of the women's liberation movement in the 1960s and the changes this brought about, such as freedom in birth control and abortion. The paper briefly looks at the 1980s and 1990s and concludes that women's roles in the United States have changed more in the past sixty years than ever before.
From the Paper
"The United States entered the War in December, 1941. Within three and a half years, it had sent over five million troops to two major global fronts. While many men stayed behind in crucial positions, women were required to take over what had traditionally been men's jobs, from machinists to farmers.
"The War was important to women: six million women entered the work force who had not worked before (Harvey 2006). In addition, women entered the work force that had lost their jobs during the Great Depression. Finally, women who were working in the civilian sphere converted to military or military-related positions. Of the three, the most important group (in terms of women's role in society) was the women who were new to work."
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Gender Roles in "The Taming of the Shrew", 2008.
An analysis of the status of women in Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew".
1,427 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Elizabethan society of Shakespeare's time where the women were no more than possessions of the men, with no power or freedom of their own. The paper examines the roles of Katharina (Kate) and Petruchio in Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew" and shows how the man waged wars and made a fortune, while the woman had to be the servant of her husband, her only duty being to obey him completely.
From the Paper
"William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew is probably the play which is most liable to feminist interpretations among the writer's works. The main heroine of the play, the 'shrew' is Katharina, a young, unmarried woman who is well known for her ill temper and her shrill tongue. Katharina is also the elder sister of Bianca, a much more gentle and temperate character who is wooed by no less than three men at the same time. The old Baptista Minola, the father of the two young women, refuses to consent to the marriage of his younger daughter before Katharina herself finds a husband."
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Sexual Harassment, 2008.
This paper looks at the working environment for women in the United States and discusses sexual harassment in the workplace.
943 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses inappropriate professional conduct motivated by the male sexual impulse, manifesting itself in myriad forms. The writer notes that by the last decade of the century in the U.S., civil rights legislation reflected a much greater understanding for the need to equalize the working environment, and many leading businesses entities instituted employee sensitivity training programs emphasizing gender equality throughout the professional business environment. The writer maintains that undeniably, women in the workforce have enjoyed the benefits of the Civil Rights Movement, but in many ways, undercurrents of sexism are allowed to persist throughout society to an extent no longer tolerated in race relations. The writer concludes that, ultimately, women will have achieved the genuine parity and professional equality at work only when no violations significant enough to be news worthy occur in the first place.
From the Paper
"Perhaps the most classic form of sexual harassment in the workplace has always been a function of the sexual tension inherent in relations between the genders in general. Since women entering the workforce in large numbers for the first time did so primarily at the entry level, they naturally encountered supervisors and administrators that were almost exclusively male. Before the recognition of the need for equality in the professional work place, this presented a dynamic that fostered a predictable predatory element in professional relations, particularly as between female subordinates and their male superiors. In the first era of female representation in the work force, the quid pro quo sexual advance was often made overtly, without the need for discretion or subtlety.
"While overt quid pro quo solicitation is now relatively rare, it is still a relatively common form of sexual harassment of females, albeit in more subtle forms."
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