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Misogyny in Henrik Ibsen's Plays, 2008.
An analysis of the concept of misogyny in playwright Henrik Ibsen "A Doll's House", "Ghosts" and "Hedda Gabler".
2,120 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, through an analysis of Henrik Ibsen's plays, "A Doll's House", "Ghosts", and "Hedda Gabler", one can realize the under current of misogyny that Ibsen provides in his own patriarchal Victorian milieu, which devalues the role of women under the various aggressions of men brought forth. The paper explains that, for Ibsen, women provided a servant function within patriarchal society that did not necessarily provide a "feminist" perspective, but revealed that men should be tolerant and respect women. The paper concludes that, as a result, the dark under current of misogynist values provided by Ibsen in his plays informs the reader of the struggle of women in Victorian society, but does not effectively redefine a feminist ideology for women to liberate themselves from patriarchal aggression.
From the Paper
"Hedda's behaviors and actions often appear crude and uninformed as to the nature of husband to use her as a servant for his career. Ibsen often has Hedda appear as naive of the fact that her husband is merely trying to us her as a kind of "trophy wife" to accent his real desire to achieve success in his artistic ambitions. In this manner, she wholly a woman that is able to be traditional, but becomes so enamored of her love that she takes independent action to get his attention. The circumstances under which Hedda burns Lovborg's manuscript are, of course, entirely different and infinitely more dramatic"
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"The Second Shift", 2008.
A review of the book "The Second Shift" by Arlie Russell Hochschild and by Anne Machung.
1,226 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper examines "The Second Shift" by Arlie Russell Hochschild and by Anne Machung that addresses the struggles women face when they combine motherhood with a demanding career. The paper looks at the purpose of the book, the main ideas, the central thesis, the research methodology used and the possible biases of the writers. The paper also identifies the overall strengths and weaknesses of the book and the impression it made upon the writer. The paper shows how the text is a solid one, but also one that has significant shortcomings.
From the Paper
"At its core, Arlie Russell Hochschild and Anne Machung's book, The Second Shift, is about the struggles women face when they try to "marry" motherhood with a demanding career; the book, in essence, is a manifesto on the challenges confronted by having both parents pursue careers in a world wherein a "buck" does not have quite the same buying power as it once did - and where gender roles are being dramatically re-drawn (not always with happy results for both parties)."
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Prostitution and Human Trafficking, 2008.
This paper discusses the topic of prostitution and human trafficking in Europe, noting the difficulty in analyzing the issue due to the hardship in obtaining relevant information.
2,009 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that tackling the issue of human trafficking and prostitution in Europe is a difficult one because the information available is rarely comprehensive or complete. The writer points out that prostitution is, for the most part, an underground economy, which is harder to collect statistical information about, and illegal immigrant prostitution is an even murkier research landscape. This paper attempts to deconstruct arguments made about human trafficking and prostitution in Europe. Sources used are academic texts and journals, as well as some more mainstream content. This paper imparts some idea as to how awkwardly large the question is, as well as the challenges that researchers will face when collecting data and suggesting new policies that might ease the suffering of women caught up in the vicious circles of immigrant prostitution in Europe.
From the Paper
"Bort believes that it is important to discuss the existing correlations will help people discern how the connection of crime and illegal immigration is forged by poverty. He supports this view by discussing the issues surrounding the quality of life at two sides of a border where one nation enjoys a higher standard of living than the other, with the obvious point that the tendency is for women to be shipped west from less affluent eastern countries. Ultimately, he points to financial despair and disparity, along with cloudy ideas about border policy as being primary sources of the existing problem. The evidence he presents sounds plausible, but it is all cited as secondary sources, with little hard data for the reader to digest. Though the sources are from respectable government and academic institutions, there are no hard numbers crunched in Bort's report."
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Battered Women, 2008.
A paper dealing with the global problem of battered women.
792 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the global phenomenon of violence against women, explaining it is the result of gender conflicts and inequality in socio-cultural interactions between men and women. The paper provides various sources of information and statistics of women who have suffered physical, psychological and emotional abuse.
From the Paper
"According to Duffy, "historically and cross-culturally, there is considerable evidence that, particularly in the family women have been targeted for victimization" (128). Furthermore, all women are subject to violence regardless of their age, color, race, religion, class or social status. In particular women experience violence at home from their partners and other family members. According to Nelson, "Intimate violence is actual or threatened acts of violence committed against persons by their current or former spouses, common-law partners, girlfriends or boyfriends" (306). Battered women experience physical and psychological abuse directed at them by men as a means of control and intimidation. Duffy cites a Statistics Canada information "that more than one quarter (29&) of ever-married women experience violence at the hands of a current or part marital partner" (132) and that "more than one third of the victims of wife abuse were subjected to such serious abuse that they feared for their lives" (132). Many women experience constant or frequent abuse. Battering "typically progresses from a relatively low level of violence to a level that is more frequent and severe" (Sorenson & Wiebe, 1416). According to Sorenson and Wiebe, "more than 1.5 million physical or sexual assaults are committed by current or former intimate partners each year in the USA" (1412). However, abuse can take many forms, including physical, sexual, physiological and emotional."
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The Portrayal of Women in "24", 2008.
An analysis of the portrayal of women in roles of leadership, in the television series, "24."
2,149 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze how women are portrayed in the television series, "24." It analyzes this series that exemplifies the equality of men and women in their portrayal of roles of authority and leadership. The paper suggests that the series is atypical of real-life settings of typical individuals and therefore portrays women narrowly, but equal in stature to men.
From the Paper
"These events, while atypical of real-life settings of typical individuals, portray women narrowly in the sense that the situations are not only atypical and for all intents and purposes, extraordinary, but also portray them in extreme circumstances, equally atypical of real-life. The reactions of the characters are somewhat restricted in this sense. On the other hand, the genre of this series inherently restricts the amount of variability that can be shown, especially with the time constraints imposed by the structure of the series. The 24 series, while its portrayal of women in a 21st century setting and culture is fairly accurate, particular nuances pertaining to womanhood are left out. In the same light, the series reflects the equal stature of women and men in this present age, particularly with regard to positions of command and authority."
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Women in "Cagney and Lacey", 2008.
A critical analysis of Julie D'Acci's article "Defining Women: The Case of Cagney and Lacey" that attempts to define women in CBS's hit series from the 1980s, "Cagney and Lacey".
930 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper argues that Julie D'Acci's article "Defining Women: The Case of Cagney and Lacey" successfully employs testimony from individuals to illustrate the clash between portraying women in the feminist light and broader social and/or political limitations. The paper highlights the weaknesses of D'Acci's article and concludes that while her general argument is a strong, worthy one, she does not offer a truly balanced perspective.
From the Paper
"To begin with, Julie D'Acci writes that the 1980s was the decade in which the "working woman" rose to prominence. "Cagney and Lacey" was one of the television series from this decade intended to reach out to that affluent new audience, and D'Acci argues that the show was meant to not only reach out to a new consumer demographic, but to also show women in a new light - a light created by the rise to prominence of the modern woman's movement. Unfortunately, D'Acci proceeds to point out that the initial promise of "Cagney and Lacey" went unfulfilled insofar as the show had to temper its message in the face of a broad-based backlash against the feminist movement."
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Child Custody, Women and the Law, 2008.
This paper explores the issues of child custody, the principles of best interests of the child and of the primary caregiver and how women's rights are viewed in terms of international law.
2,533 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that issues of custody, childcare, social responsibility, as well as the structuring of the family and economic relationships all have to be addressed within one context. The paper then argues that the legal and judicial system, both at the local and international level, regularly fails to acknowledge the context and uses approaches based on misguided assumptions. The paper further asserts that principles such as best interests of the child and primary caregiver often function in the interests of the male partner and to the detriment of both the woman and her child. The paper concludes that although feminists are advocating for legislative change at the provincial, national and international levels, it will take time before positive outcomes will be achieved.
From the Paper
"The principle of the best interests of the child has served to guide the law of custody. In order to implement the principle of the best interests of the child, considerations of custodial arrangements are inadequate; what must be regarded as the priority is the quality of the child's life which will be the result of the custody award (Rogerson, 1988). Gender is significant because of economics and the fact that women as custodial parents have a vastly different financial potential than men. Rogerson charges that current family law is unequipped to address the economic issues after marriage breakdown. Crossman and Ryder (2001), for instance, maintain that the legal system needs to avoid assumptions associated with relationship status and focus on the economic and emotional interdependence between the two partners."
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Organizing Unorganized Workers, 2008.
This paper addresses the issues facing labour unions in Canada today.
1,448 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of unions maintaining their efficacy by focusing their energy and resources on organizing the unorganized. The paper highlights, however, the many factors that hinder unionization in Canada. The paper specifically describes the major barriers to the increased unionization of women.
From the Paper
"Without sufficient members, labour unions lose their power and efficacy, in that they lack the requisite strength in numbers for leverage against the employer, and thus cannot negotiate benefits for their members. It is therefore important that union membership remains at least constant. However, as the work force is usually growing, retaining the same percentage of union members requires ongoing recruitment. The problem is that so far from growing, union membership is actually dropping in many industrialized countries, largely due to major changes on the work front. For example, jobs are declining in the manufacturing industries (traditionally a good place for union recruitment) and are growing in the private service sectors (a place where recruitment is difficult, due to factors such as small company size, and a preponderance of part time, casual or contract work)."
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Caribbean Mothers and Stereotyping in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of Caribbean women as single parents, focusing on political correctness and stereotyping in Canada.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the conservatism of stereotyping Canadian- Caribbean women who are single parents. The writer notes that this can be done frequently by 'concerned' politically correct scholars and activists to assert they are attacking unwanted attitudes regarding 'women of colour' or 'Jamaican single mothers'. The writer expresses some of what is noticeable in educated circles in central Canada referring to single mothers of Caribbean backgrounds, in quite negative, distorting stereotypes that often miss practical or philosophical realities, notably those of religion and orientations other than the material. This paper's topic reinforces a simple reality that one is influenced by mass media materials if one is not alert to their influence as a danger.
Outline:
Introduction
Racism and 'Oppression'
School Failure and Gangs
The Impact of Slavery Reexamined
Class Struggle and Consumerism
'Fieldwork' - Speaking with People
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The rest of the article refers to women of Caribbean origin having children when young, leaving school, living thereafter on social assistance or menial jobs. A stereotype of single mothers of Caribbean heritage in hopeless situations is now usual in a construction irritating single mothers who are achievers and sometimes excellent parents, able to provide constructive homes for their children on modest incomes. A strong bias in Philp's article is one of poverty always meaning severe disadvantage in contrast with a practicality and sense of priority found in Caribbean cultures as developed in ex-colonies of very limited resources till quite recently. Single mothers can be strongly aware of what is needed in life, and as stressed elsewhere in this paper, how to maintain their family's dignity, poverty not shameful when approached soundly, aware of how much worse off others are, trying one's best, valuing kin and conducting oneself well with others.
"Many contemporary Caribbean single mothers have had good role models in women raising children by themselves in more than one country."
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Chaucer, Shakespeare and Gender Roles, 2008.
A comparison of the portrayal of sexual and gender roles in Geoffrey Chaucer's "Wife of Bath's Tale" and William Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night".
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper compares how Geoffrey Chaucer in "Wife of Bath's Tale" and William Shakespeare in "Twelfth Night" questioned, challenged or mocked contemporary views on gender roles and sexual stereotypes. The paper shows how, although there are differences, we can see a similar attitude in both works toward gender roles, sexual stereotyping and the treatment and portrayal of women.
From the Paper
""The Wife of Bath's Tale" is one of a series of stories in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. It was probably written shortly prior to his death in 1400. The Canterbury Tales is a "frame story," meaning that a series of narratives are tied together allowing each character to relate their own story (Alexander xvii). Chaucer's stories are the individual tales of a group of pilgrims traveling together to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury (Alexander xvi). "The Wife of Bath's Tale" is really the second for this character as it is preceded by "The Wife of Bath's Prologue" which is sort of an autobiography in which she describes her five marriages. The true order in which Chaucer placed each of the tales (other's including the Miller, the Pardoner, the Prioress and the Nun's Priest) is not known (Alexander xix). Chaucer was not only a writer, but had a long career as a public servant. During his life he traveled widely throughout Europe, no doubt the source of many of his story ideas and characters. It is possible that Chaucer never finished all of his intended tales, and that some of the book is autobiographical, with him playing the varied role of the host for his collection of characters."
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Domestic Labor in the Global Economy, 2008.
This paper looks at domestic labor in the global economy and discusses whether such women are really "servants of globalization".
1,721 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that labor migration vis-a-vis female domestic labor is the temporary movement of women, predominantly, but not exclusively, from the third world, to another global region wherein they work as servants so as to accumulate capital that they then can return to their families back home in the form of remittances. Besides being a highly gendered phenomenon, some have argued that the aforementioned labor migration renders these women little more than the contemporary "servants of globalization." The writer argues that this both is, and is not, the case. Specifically, the writer maintains that while these women certainly do serve the interests of others and certainly do find themselves performing menial tasks, they do not necessarily face the same burdens as "servants" from previous ages; that is to say, there are legal protections in place for all workers in developed lands and the increased scrutiny now surrounding the phenomenon of third-world labor migration makes it less likely for these women to be taken advantage of. The writer concludes that while it is largely true that domestic laborers are the "servants of (twenty-first century) globalization," one must be careful to avoid associating their plight with the truly harrowing plight of previous generations of servants.
From the Paper
"In addition, while the global economy may make it easier for affluent individuals in the developed world to find cheap domestic labor abroad, the highly-integrated global economy also allows domestic laborers alternatives that might not have been available even a generation ago. To wit, if a domestic worker or care-giver is unsatisfied with the state of things in one part of the world, she can utilize the internet, liberalized rules (in most countries) vis-a-vis work visas and citizenship application, and the assistance of mass communication technology that allows for expeditious communication between global networks of similarly-situated workers, to find a position more in keeping with her desires.
"The idea of globalization serving domestic laborers by bringing them into contact with other, similarly-situated individuals through mass communication (even as it also isolates them from loved ones) deserves some further illustration."
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Sexual Harassment in the Workplace, 2008.
This paper discusses sexual harassment in the workplace, focusing on the Thomas-Hill controversy.
1,624 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that sexual harassment can be legally defined as sexual behavior that is viewed as intimidating, hostile or offensive in the workplace. The writer then relates that sexual harassment in the workplace was brought to the national stage by the Senate Judicial Committee during the Clarence Thomas hearings in 1991. The writer notes that no charges were ever made regarding the inappropriate behavior of Thomas in the workplace, but it was common knowledge that it was his behavior that put Anita Hill in the spotlight. The writer points out that there were so many allegations in the Thomas-Hill controversy that the issues of oppressed and oppressor were hardly recognizable. The controversy brought into the headlines important issues of race, equality and discrimination against all people. The writer concludes that sexual harassment was the key factor in recognizing how the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had been forgotten.
From the Paper
"Ultimately the question was not whether Anita Hill was telling the truth about being sexually harassed. The question became why the Senate confirmed a Federal Judge with only two years experience with no respect for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the people under his tutelage. Why was a Federal Judge nominated without investigation into his behavior with the people he worked closest with?
President George H.W. Bush nominated and sought help from conservatives to put Clarence Thomas on the Supreme Court as a replacement of Thurgood Marshall who was retiring after 24 years on the bench. The political climate in 1991 was far more conservative then it was in 1967 when President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme Court. The Bush presidency followed eight years of the Reagan Administration and the country was being directed towards a more conservative atmosphere."
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Globalization Impact on Feminism, 2008.
This paper discusses the implications of the current paradigm shift that feminism is undergoing in response to the processes of globalization.
1,223 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the implications of globalization for feminism, including the "paradigm shift" that some scholars perceive feminism is undergoing in response to globalization. It also considers the kinds of issues to which feminist analysis is being challenged to pay attention. The writer notes that globalization has imposed new pressures on feminism, and feminism has responded by generating new types of feminism and new paradigms. The writer concludes with the hope that it is possible to construct a transnational feminism that is at the same time not hegemonic, one that respectfully incorporates and listens to the various discourses, yet somehow manages to build enough common ground to enable global feminists to work cohesively together.
From the Paper
"In like vein, Seyla Benhabib proposes building solidaristic communities in which we can acknowledge each other's diverse and multiple identities, while at the same time we can listen respectfully to each other, acknowledging the many strands that comprise our identities. In this way, there is hope of building up a respectful form of global feminist solidarity that can work to counter the most destructive forces of globalization. For example, there could be a site for a global community of feminists that oppose the depredations of the planet currently being unleashed by transnational corporations.
"Clearly, this new way of looking at feminism may be seen as a substantial paradigm shift."
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Bad Women, Spies and Vamps, 2008.
A proposal for an early cinema series for Cinematheque Ontario whose theme would appeal both to those interested in early cinema as well as those interested in gender issues and feminism.
2,387 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
In this article, the author explains that, if asked to program an early cinema series for Cinematheque Ontario, the them she would choose for the program would be "Bad Women, Spies and Vamps: Female Gender Transgression in Early Cinema." The author then goes on to explain why she thinks this theme is appropriate for this cinema and then identifies a number of films to be screened in the program, as well as some issues and information that would be included in the pamphlets accompanying the films.
Outline:
Introduction
Bad Women and New Women: Traffic in Souls
She Spies, Shoots and Saves: Serial Queens of the Early Cinema
Pearl of the Army
The Perils of Pauline
The Early Cinema Femme Fatale: Les Vampires
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the interesting features of these films is that their narratives are often dominated by the dynamic tension between two figures: the Bad Woman and the New Woman. It should be recalled that this was a period when the traditional gender norms were under assault; most notably in the form of the Suffragette movement in the United States and Great Britain where women were protesting for the right to vote. As a result, there was a great deal of uncertainty as to what were the proper gender roles for women in this changing society. In this environment, reformers were at pains to distinguish between the New Woman - who was demanding unprecedented rights and privileges - and traditional Bad Woman who violated gender norms for different purposes. The issue of moral regulation was a central concern in this debate, as is illustrated in the words of one reformist text from 1913 .. "
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