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Sexuality in "A Passage to India", 2008.
A look at how E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India", demonstrates how sexuality influences relationships and situations in society.
1,039 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper is an examination of the meaning of sexuality, the mystery that surrounds it in behavioral situations and the type of people involved, as ascribed to the characters in E.M. Forster's book, "A Passage to India". The tender subject of inter race relations with respect to sexuality is also clearly demonstrated in this review.
From the Paper
"Aziz also manages to develop a casual platonic friendship with one of the main female characters, Adela, because he finds her not only sexually unattractive but even plain and ugly. A telling scene is one between Aziz and protagonist Fielding, who discuss whether they are attracted to Adela. Aziz rejects her soundly based on her physical plainness, whereas Fielding dislikes her priggish intellectual interest in India. (Aziz is sexually motivated; Fielding is not.) Aziz moreover feels he can talk to Adela as a man - not a common attitude of men towards women at the turn of the last century, but one Aziz employs because of his tendency to equate femininity with sexuality and beauty. However, Aziz is not socially insensible, and he realizes that a proposed visit to Marabar Caves with Adela would be problematic, he being widowed and she being engaged. This attention to social mores indicates how sexually frigid people were in the early 1900s, regardless of race. A man and a woman who are not married should not be seen walking together in public; social mores are so strong on this matter that even Aziz, who can barely see Adela as a sexual object, realizes this. "
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Middle Age Women in the Workforce, 2008.
A commentary on the reasons why so many women, particularly in their mature years are seeking employment today.
1,043 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper is an observation analysis as to why we find women in the workforce today. The paper explains the reasons for this phenomena and continues by highlighting how effectiveness and usefulness alters with the progression of age. The paper utilizes a specific example and follows the work cycle as this person increases in age.
Outline:
Introduction
Findings/observations
Critical analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dolly has worked at the same restaurant for 18 years. Her shift use to be 6-11pm, but she no longer feels comfortable driving home so late so Dolly asked for her shift to be 4-9pm. Dolly also no longer is able to work 5 nights a week like she did for 12 years. Her back became arthritic and the pain of working 5 shifts is too much for her to handle--she asked to be cut down to 4, then 3 and just yesterday she asked for only 2 shifts a week. The other girls she was hired with are still physically able to work their 5 shifts, but have cut back along with Dolly for other reasons such as babysitting grandchildren, no longer need the money, no longer need the social aspect, managers are too young and inexperienced and etc. Physically they are all fine, but a car accident Dolly had in her mid-twenties has caused arthritis in her joints and swelling to some discs in her back between her shoulder blades. Dolly still needs the money--her husband died 8 years ago of a fatal heart attack and financially they were not prepared."
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Article: Pamela S. Haag's "'The Real Thing'", 2008.
A reflection on an article by Pamela S. Haag "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40".
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the ideological point made in Pamela S. Haag's article "'The Real Thing': Ideologies of Love, Modern Romance and Women's Sexual Subjectivity in the United States, 1920-40" is correct. The author points out that Haag is saying that the subjective self is not an independent construct, but rather reflects the choices available in the surrounding political and social discourses. The paper claims that this becomes apparent when considering the world as a whole and the dominance of the capitalist discourse. The author stresses that fortunately discourses do change, which is abundantly clear when considering how women heroes have been warmly welcomed recently in popular films and television texts. The paper underscores that these female heroes are opening up new vistas of subjective possibilities for girls and women.
From the Paper
"For example, 1979 saw the arrival of the first popular female action hero, as Sigourney Weaver (playing Warrant Officer Ellen Ripley) bravely confronted terrifying alien creatures in the hugely successful science fiction film, "Alien". Then Ripley came back and kicked more alien butt in 1986, and again in 1992, and even rose from the dead to do it one more time, in 1997. And in this fourth reprise, Ripley's significant other (or close approximation thereof) was a female robot, played winningly by Winona Ryder."
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Civil Rights, 2008.
This paper describes the history of civil rights in the United States for blacks, women and gay men and women.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper shows how great strides have been made regarding civil rights in the US since the inception of the idea in the 1940s. The paper relates that although racism has not been totally eradicated, in the eyes of the law today every race is equal and constitutionally protected. The paper then focuses on the 1960s as a decade that interests the author in terms of issues, events and experiences and on the 1980s as a decade that least interests him. The paper also discusses how the United States has experienced the most change in its culture, becoming more gender equal.
From the Paper
"Civil rights became an issue of concern in the 1940s when President Harry S. Truman made it the main focus of his fighting liberal program and even championed a bill that would end racial discrimination in the military. However, Truman backed down from this platform after he endured a wave of political backlash from those who feared the program: mainly southern politicians.
"In the 1950s, the National Association of Colored People (NAACP) emerged, led by Reverend George W. Lee. The group was formed to encourage blacks to use their voting power and their civil rights to enact change in society. However, at the time, fervent opposition and violence met the NAACP and Reverend Lee was murdered in 1955 Mississippi because of his efforts."
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Critical Review of Two Books on Women's Suffrage, 2008.
An analysis and comparison of "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts "Women, Politics and Media: Uneasy Relations in Comparative Perspective" by Karen Ross and "Women, Power, and Politics" by Margaret Stacey and Marion Price. It discusses how the books both deal with the issue of women's political roles (or lack thereof). The paper concludes that despite their differences, both books will be of interest to feminist scholars, though for different reasons.
From the Paper
"Both of these books will be of interest to many feminist scholars, particularly those interested in the progress of women in the political sphere. Both are therefore highly recommended. However, for the reader or student with a fairly broad interest in the subject, Stacey and Price's book will be more useful, as it provides an extremely insightful overview of the subject area. Moreover, the fact that they challenge several conventional notions means that the book makes for thought-provoking reading. On the other hand, Ross's book will probably be of more limited appeal, focusing as it does on a more narrow area of the broad subject matter of women in politics. Finally, Stacey and Price (1981) is a substantially more pleasant read, in that it takes a positive view and is optimistic. Ross (2002), by contrast, is positively depressing. One ends up feeling almost hopeless for the future of democracy. Therefore, although these are both good books and impressive works of scholarship, if you have time to read just one of these books, I would strongly recommend you choose Stacey and Price's book."
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Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa, 2008.
A research proposal to look into the transmission of AIDS from mothers to their babies.
796 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper is a research proposal on the topic of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of AIDS in Africa. It includes information regarding effective ways to prevent MTCT, and highlights the sad truth that these methods are under-utilized, and that women in Africa are often powerless to protect themselves from and their unborn children from the virus.
Outline:
Background/Rationale
Objectives
Methodology
Expected Outcomes
From the Paper
"In addition, AIDS in Africa is mainly heterosexually transmitted, and is more associated with poverty than with any particular sexual preference. Experts speculate that this may be partly due to the fact that poverty in Africa is all too often accompanied by untreated sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). These STDs can lead to lesions in the genital region, and the lesions allow for easier transmission of the HIV virus. Because AIDS in Africa is about poverty, it should be addressed with social programs. And as social programs should be based on sound research, the more research that is done on this topic, the better (Barnett and Whiteside, 2002)."
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Women Heroes, 2008.
This paper looks at women heroes portrayed on television, focusing on the series "Heroes' directed by Tim Kring.
1,053 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether women are really the heroes of current television shows. The writer then discusses the show 'Heroes' in which the heroine composedly proceeds towards her destiny of saving the world. The writer maintains that just because there are now some bona fide women heroes, this does not mean that the post feminists are correct, and feminism is now redundant. The writer concludes that when television regularly features heroes who accurately portray and reflect the diversity of real women in the world and when the real world lets women be fully developed people, then we can say it is safe to put away our feminist movement membership cards.
From the Paper
"It is surely a good thing that as women step up to put on the mantle of heroes, they bring their humanity with them. In the case of Claire, it is easy to imagine her having a mature, emotionally balanced relationship, once she is a little older. And contrary to those who vilify the rambunctious women of Sex in the City for having (admittedly many) relationships, I would suggest that having relationships with other adults is a sign of maturity and a well-rounded personality - not of being an emotionally-stunted, man-hungry slut! In addition, anyone who thinks that the women in Sex in the City are passive victims of the patriarchy should pause a moment to contrast Carrie's lifestyle, and the choices available to her, with those of another writer - Jane Austen. "
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Interdependent Waves of Feminism, 2008.
An analysis of the wave theory in feminism.
1,361 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the wave theory in feminism. The paper points out that some scholars and activists argue that this metaphor aptly describes the historical progression of feminist theory, while others explain it as a historical progression through the use of waves. This paper argues that the wave theory, because it is essentially a generational paradigm, deceptively suggests that the challenges and struggles of an earlier generation do not apply to those that succeed it. The paper then analyzes a seminal issue, from each of the three waves, that continues to reverberate today: black women and poverty, negative feminist stereotypes, and the continued demotion of a black woman's status and word.
From the Paper
"Most historians delimit the years of the first wave as those between the 1848 Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls and the ratification of the nineteenth amendment in 1920. The women that formed this generation of feminists (even though they never used that rather modern word) were concerned, above all else, with de jure political inequalities like the withholding of suffrage. However, these same women were integrally involved in the anti-slavery movement, and much of their activism aimed to alleviate the situation of African-American women in the southern states. Slavery, of course, ended after the Union's victory in the civil war, but that sad chapter in American history still reverberates loudly today, and it would not be an exaggeration to write that the trauma of that experience trickled down through the generations and is directly responsible for the social and economic predicaments that so many African-Americans find themselves facing today."
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Religion and Gender Inequality, 2008.
An analysis of the role of religion in gender discrimination, especially in Canada.
2,342 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the role of organized religion in ideas and practices regarding the social construction of gender. The writer believes that the three religions in the Judeo-Christian tradition, i.e. Judaism, Islam and Christianity, have helped to sustain deeply sexist cultures. The writer argues that these religions are so deeply patriarchal that reform along feminist lines is simply not possible. The writer also points out that the primary religion affecting state decisions in Canada is Christianity, although there are also many Canadian women who are kept subjugated by Islam and Judaism. In conclusion, the writer suggests that the key is to move our society as far away as possible from religious dogma of all kinds. Feminists in Canada must therefore strive to increase the separation of church and state in this country.
From the Paper
"Judaism, Islam and Christianity are similar in that they all espouse the doctrine of belief in one, very-definitely male, god. Therefore, they may be perceived as patriarchal monotheisms, based on an all-powerful, father-like God. This God varies in specifics; for example, whether he is primarily kind and loving, or primarily wrathful and vengeance-driven. However, he is much the same in all the essentials - he is all-powerful, all-seeing, omniscient, and male. Moreover, one could make a strong argument that all three of these gods are also misogynistic."
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Caribbean Women, 2008.
A review of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock.
724 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses themes related to Caribbean women through a discussion of "The Indentureship Experience" and "Feminism, Nationalism, and the Early Women's movement in the English-Speaking Caribbean" by Rhoda Reddock. The paper argues that although these readings focus on different aspects of Caribbean women's studies there are a number of similar themes.
From the Paper
"Reddock argues that many of the early feminist movements in the Caribbean developed out of projects to develop economic capacity. In particular she notes that the self-help society of Jamaica and the home industries in Trinidad and Tobago developed as small operations to create jobs and allow people to earn livelihoods(Reddock 63-64)."
"The fact that feminism was linked to charitable organizations was a direct attempt to keep women out of public life. Reddock argues that these women were allowed to participate in these charities because it was not seen as a threat to patriarchal power. In fact women's participation in these organizations actually strengthened men's domination in society. This was done by linking women's public activities to activities conducted in the private sphere(Reddock 65-67)."
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Hockey and Women, 2008.
This paper examines women's increasing inclusion and success in Canadian hockey.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses ho,w although Canada is a liberal society based on equal rights, hockey is traditionally seen as a sport for men, since it involves power, violence and brute force. The paper first looks at Canada's long history of sexist thinking and women's growing role in hockey today. The paper then discusses the success of Canada's Olympic women's ice hockey team that indicates that traditional, sexist notions of women in sport are finally being overturned.
Outline:
Introduction
Women and Hockey
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Though the popular media is now making moves towards supporting and encouraging women's participation in ice hockey, it is true that the sport in Canada has a long history of sexist thinking. Sports observers have even acknowledged that women were certainly a late inclusion in the world of "masculine" sports. Such voices include Gruneau and Whitson (1994), authors of the book "Hockey Night in Canada". Gruneau and Whitson acknowledge that women have painstakingly made their way in the hockey arena after fighting decades of repression and sexist stereotyping. As the authors attest, it was more than a hundred years after hockey was born that women were finally recognized as potential players."
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 59.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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Why are so Few Women Participating in Politics, 2008.
An overview of women's participation in the world of politics.
2,338 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the issue of women participating in politics and argues that the suffragettes had it the wrong way around as the fact of women being able to vote did not suffice to bring about gender equity in society. This author explains the necessity to change society radically, from its ideological foundations upwards, which will result in an equalization of material conditions for the sexes, and in turn, manifest as equivalent levels of political participation.
From the Paper
"It is necessary to preface this argument with an important caveat, so that we are not working from a basis of simplistic over-generalizations. The first thing that should be borne in mind is that globally, levels of female participation vary. As noted by Oyewumi (2005):
The worldwide ... male dominance in all spheres of human endeavour is normally negatively correlated with women's participation in politics. The higher the level of male dominance in society, the lower women's participation in politics. Put another way, it is assumed that in any given society, the more equal ... women are to men, the greater their political participation, and the greater their political participation the more equal they are. (p. 1)
Oyewumi (2005) concedes that this is a chicken and egg situation, but argues that improved material conditions for women (such as more access to education) will lead to greater political participation. However, many societies in Africa still incorporate vast differences in material conditions for men and women. Accordingly, Oyewumi (2005) notes that the level of female participation in politics in Africa tends to be low, with some notable exceptions. While this provides the basis for a sociological or materialist explanation of low participation by women in politics in Africa, it fails to adequately account for the low participation of women in politics in the Global North. While full equality has yet to be achieved, the fact is that many doors are open to women, that were never open before. How then do we account for this apparent anomaly?"
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Women of Power, 2008.
A look at the role of native women in pre-confederation Canada.
1,679 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that native women who married white fur traders in pre-confederation Canada, did so because they knew that they fulfilled an important intermediary role within native/white business relations, and thus stood to see their social and economic status increase dramatically through marriage to non-native men. It was understood that being a translator and a bridge to both worlds was an excellent means of accruing power, status and capital. The paper maintains that, although there were external pressures that may often have propelled native women into one marriage or another, the final decision to marry a white man was chiefly prompted by self-interest.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, the early Canadian fur trade that prospered in Canada during the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries would not have been possible unless two racial groups - Native Americans and their European counterparts - found a way to work together in some fashion for the enrichment of both. Sylvia Van Kirk, one of the more perceptive students of the old Canadian fur trade, has written that the native women in those Indian communities that came into contact with white European traders found themselves caught between two groups of males: the male leaders of their own community, and the enterprising traders of the European colonizers. In a very real sense, these native women used their status as the wives of traders to act as "go-betweens" or as "social brokers" between two groups with often strained relations. In fact, Van Kirk is largely of the view that native women used their status as a go-between to bolster their own stature while, at the very same time, they coveted the economic power that derived from being the wife of a fur trader. In that sense, the old notion that these women were somehow agent-less victims is one that desperately needs to be cast aside in favor of a more modern interpretation."
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