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What it Means to be English, 2008.
This essay is an analysis of the idea of "Englishness", as discussed through policy, society and literature in Great Britain throughout history.
3,134 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of England as a national entity which paralleled the development of ideas of "Englishness", of what constituted British society and the British soul, often contrasted with what was not English. This paper states that the idea of what constitutes England and Englishness can be traced through historical shifts as England developed as a unique entity. Furthermore, this idea can be considered in terms of political and social commentary from different ages, the literature of the time that reflected the same ideas, and the way these ideas helped form the Britain of today.
From the Paper
"Certainly, the image created in the poem is of a society in disarray, but it is also a society where the truth can be found, where there are institutions dedicated to assuring that the truth is revealed, and that is a society where there is a good element as well as a bad. The sense of the poem is really that in spite of the lapses at the top, the run-of-the-mill people like the ploughman see the truth and uphold the values of society and of the church, or at least attempt to do so. In this aspect of the work, the poet shows a connection to long-standing traditions that indeed suggest that "The more things change, the more they remain the same." England by this time was established as a political entity, a social construct, and a developing philosophy based on Christian principles married to many of the ideas of chivalry offered first by the French and then adapted to the British experience."
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The Vicissitudes of Samurai Culture, 2008.
This essay compares two early Japanese texts, "Shomonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion", translated by Judith Rabinovitch, and "The Tale of the Heike", translated by Burton Watson.
2,057 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines two texts which were written more than one hundred years apart, both detailing samurai wars but written at two disparate points in samurai history. The paper also assesses the changes in the way in which samurai exploits were portrayed, and in particular, attempts to chart the progression of the concept of loyalty within the samurai realm over the course of its early history. The first text examined is "Shomonki: The Story of Masakado's Rebellion", written in 1099, when the samurai was a relatively new figure in society. The second text "The Tale of the Heike", also known as "Heike Monogatari", was written in 1221, when samurai involvement in government had increased, wars between clans had escalated, and samurai culture had become a distinctive and ubiquitous feature of greater Japanese culture.
From the Paper
"Shomonki was written during the Heian period, by someone who was probably a first-hand observer (Rabinovitch, 44-45), and it is instructive in detailing the types of disputes which did, in the end, lead to the rise of the Samurai and also to the fall of the Heian court. Tales of the Heike, on the other hand, was written during the Kamakura period, when the samurai had become such a force in society that the traditional aristocracy of the court had been replaced by a new warrior aristocracy--with warring samurai clans fighting for and seeking control. In particular, Tales of the Heike, chronicles the Genpei war, between the Heike (or Taira) and Minamoto (or Genji) clans. It tells the tale from the perspective of both sides and, interestingly, focuses not only on battles, military strategy and the lives of warriors, but also on lesser players, such as women and servants, and their stories and plights throughout. The samurai, of course, gained government power in the twelfth century and it seems that around the tie that The Tales of the Heike were written, the samurai ethics, including that of loyalty, had changed to such an extent that it become an expectation of all people--a cultural value, rather than a warrior code."
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Interventions Regarding the End of Life, 2008.
This paper discusses families' experiences in the withdrawal of life support in the intensive care unit.
1,552 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the decision to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a crucial event for persons responsible for end-of-life care decisions. Research into families' experiences with decisions to withdraw life sustaining interventions from a family member has indicated that the decisions made by the patient's immediate family can impact their perceptions and their psycho-social status. The writer discusses that appropriate educational and emotional support for families appears to improve their level of comfort regarding end-of-life decision-making and can facilitate the quality of the family's experience when dealing with difficult choices for a loved one. However, the literature in these areas demonstrates incongruity regarding how to best affect positive outlook among family members, and also the type of educational information needed and the methods required to deliver it. The writer therefore seeks to clarify which strategies are most effective in promoting a positive family experience when immediate family members make end-of-life decisions for a loved one receiving clinical health services.
Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Purpose
Literature Review
Research Question
Hypotheses
Theoretical Framework
Hypothesis 1
Hypothesis 2
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Making decisions related to the withdrawal of life support in the ICU is one of the most demanding experiences the family will ever face. Nurses play a key role in the effectiveness of the decision making process and it is their understanding of the stages involved in that process which can determine the quality of the outcome. As McHale Wiegand maintains, as more families become involved in end-of-life decisions, it is essential that current research be assessed, the gaps in knowledge be identified, and that new directions for ongoing research should be established. Little is actually known about the interaction of nurses with families in this situation; what is certain is that the interaction is not uniform and that nurses need to realize what will be most effective with families who are experiencing high levels of stress."
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England's Industrial Revolution, 2008.
This paper explores the Industrial Revolution and its effects on English society.
1,791 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the onset of what would become the Industrial Revolution and highlights the significance of the cotton-spinning jenny and the introduction of steam power. The paper explores the many ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed English society. The paper notes that aside from economic advantages, a number of social problems and economic weaknesses resulted from these changes.
From the Paper
"The Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth century developed most rapidly and fully in England. England and other nations of Europe were changed greatly by the possibilities inherent in a developing industrial base and in the changes taking place in agriculture at the same time. Industrial expansion funded political and territorial expansion through imperialist efforts creating colonies in different parts of the world, and this process help disseminate many Western ideas to regions that had been very differently governed before this time. Technological innovation was difficult in many of the states where it occurred."
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Social Work in Healthcare Nonprofit Organizations, 2008.
This paper explores social work in healthcare nonprofit organizations via an interview with a social worker.
1,522 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the interview the author had with a social worker who is directly employed by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society of Central Florida. The paper draws general conclusions about the practicing social worker in a healthcare setting.
Outline:
Introduction
Susan, the Social Worker at the L&LS
Knowledge Level for Work
Required Learning on the Job
Interacting with Stakeholders in L&L Social Work
Frustrations with the Job
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Susan W. is 25 years old. She comes from a family in which her mother and sister were both nurses, and her father a hospital administrator. Her long-term interest in healthcare is combined with her wish to help people with difficult diseases on a psychosocial level. The author interviewed Susan W. to discover her motivations in joining this profession, and what she has found after a year of fieldwork.
"Susan works for the Central Florida Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, an NGO which is funded through charitable donations, and through contracts to local hospitals. Her salary is paid under contract by the Orange County Medical Center, the dominant healthcare system in the greater Orlando area. Her primary responsibility is to help patients with leukemia and lymphoma, and their families."
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Monitoring the Programs Children Watch on Television, 2008.
A look at the effects that watching violence on television can have on children.
1,401 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how children are affected by watching violence on television and suggests that a study be carried out to define whether the responsibility rests with the media, Federal Communication Commission (FCC), or the parents. The paper includes results from various research studies as well as different arguments put forward claiming the educational value of television.
From the Paper
"Research points the fact that observing violence on television can be related to them becoming aggressive or violent as a child and/or as an adult. The American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry has made a statement that they firmly believe that children who watch violence can become violent (Arvidson 494). Some people though believe that the violence children see on television is not enough to make children realize that they are watching fantasy and not reality. The violence they see in these shows do not show the heart break of the families nor does it show the fact that people who are murdered are dead. Mike Oppenheim argues that the violence on television is not enough because it is more fantasy than the horrors that happen in real life and it fails to teach children that violence is wrong (14). While this may be true in many ways, the fact is that children watching the violence often cannot determine the difference from fantasy and reality. "Characters get shot with double-barreled shotguns and they get back up. It sets in a humorous context with a laugh track, and communicates to preschoolers that violence is funny and it's OK to do" (Hurst 8). Children are shown violence in television shows, movies and even cartoons. The fact is that almost ten percent of violence can be related to television violence (Hurst 8). Whether it is television shows, cartoons, movies, or video games, children are influenced by what they see. The question is whether the media, FCC, or parents that should be blamed."
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Terling's Article on Private Schools: A Reaction Paper, 2008.
A summary and reaction to the article "Private Schools are not Emotional Havens for Teens", by Toni Terling.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the article by Toni Terling, "Private Schools are not Emotional Havens for Teens", which states that while private schools do show a higher level of achievement, for example, they also show increased risk of suicide and weapon use, among other negative outcomes. The author then goes on to discuss his personal reaction to the article's finding and how it relates to his experiences in the American school systems.
Outline:
Article Summary
Response to Article
How This Relates to My Own Personal Experiences
Insights the Article Adds to My Experience
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Alternatively, the many friends I had that attended private school had an overwhelmingly more positive experience than I encountered in public school. If a student became depressed or violent in their private school, the issue was noticed immediately due to the small setting and was taken care of swiftly. Of course, cliques, being a product of human nature, existed on a smaller scale in my friends' schools, however, these cliques were less cohesive. This appears to be because the small setting gave everyone the feeling of belonging to the same big group, which allowed them to avoid splintering into smaller ones as is common in the larger public school environment."
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The Effects of Violence on Children, 2008.
An investigation into whether violence on TV affects children.
939 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper examines whether or not television violence affects children, putting forward different arguments from different sources and presenting the results of research carried out in recent years.
From the Paper
"The statement that violence on television causes violence in children is a political statement and not necessary the right way to describe the problem. While the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Psychological Association, and the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry produced a statement linking television shows as a link to violence and aggressive behavior; the author does not agree with this statement and believes it is a political statement (Arvidson, 12). Arvidson believes the issue of media and violence in children is more complicated than simply saying that the media causes violence in children. "... because not all children are exposed to media violence will act aggressively" (Hurst, 8). The fact is that just watching television or news does not necessary cause a person to go out and commit violence. In fact, thousands of viewers can watch the same television show and only one or two may express violence after the show. Some of the problems with the argument that media causes children to be violent is that it does not distinguish between different age groups or the time length in which the person saw the movie, news, or etc. (Arvidson, 14). However, this point of view about not children watching violence will become aggressive is true. One of the problems with violence and the media is that children often do not understand the difference between fantasy and reality."
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Andrew Lam: Article Review, 2008.
The author criticizes Andrew Lam's article, "Too Much Self-Esteem Can Be Bad for Your Child" by making the argument that Lam fails to make a strong case by generalizing and using limited source data.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This paper critiques Andrew Lam's article, "Too Much Self-Esteem Can Be Bad for Your Child", which presents one aspect of contemporary culture and American education, and uses a personal story drawn from the very trendy YouTube phenomenon. The author of the paper argues that while there is some substance to the argument against placing self-esteem above real achievements, Lam's article as written uses very limited source data and uses this data to make a hasty generalization without dealing with any opposing or alternative data that might present a contrary case.
From the Paper
"Following the two studies, Lam devotes the remainder of his article to an elucidation of his subjective opinions about the success of Asian students in American colleges, and about their recent dominance on certain campuses in the University of California system. While his opinions may be worthy of exploration and discussion, they do not logically arise from the limited data he has brought forth up till now. He appears to be biased in favor of "Asian" students, although he simultaneously seems to be reinforcing positive stereotypes about them, as well as over-generalizing by failing either to distinguish between different Asian nationalities and cultures (of which there are many) or between different non-Asian nationalities and cultures. Also left unanswered is why so many successful, intelligent Asian students are leaving their home nations to study in the United States, when one must presume that their own nations' universities must be at least on a par with those in the West, if not superior."
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Socialization at Coca-Cola, 2008.
This paper looks at organizational behavior and discusses the matter of socialization at Coca-Cola.
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that Coca-Cola has long been a powerful symbol of American corporate success and yet, that proud legacy is now under attack as the company finds itself faced with sagging fortunes. This paper suggests that Coke's socialization practices are lacking insofar as they do not have appropriate employee programs and evaluation processes in place; consequently, new or veteran workers are left with the impression that the organization is reneging on its relational commitments under the psychological contract. In the end, the writer maintains that Coca-Cola must pursue socialization practices that stress the value of employee excellence (this includes stringent accountability measures) and it must find new ways of relating to workers that it does, indeed, value relational as opposed to merely transactional contacts between the company and its workers.
Outline:
Introduction
Socialization Practices of Coca-Cola
Detecting the culture of Coca-Cola
Socialization Tactics: Institutionalized Approach but Missing Methods for Socialization
Psychological Contract between the Organization and its Workers: The Missing Relational Element
From the Paper
"The culture of the company is thus one that is wedded to its own past and informed by its own self-image as an embodiment of American enterprising excellence.
"Further, the company is not beyond drawing faith from its successes in the past after previous reversals. For instance, although Coke appears to be going through somewhat of a fallow period at the moment, close observers are quick to point out that Coke has rebounded from adversity in the past. Although it is not clear how much Coke reminds workers of how the organization has come back from the brink in the past, the corporate culture is certainly one predicated upon showing an organizational history of success and fortitude."
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Human Rights as an Internal Affair, 2008.
This paper argues that human rights are not an internal state affair and rejects that attempting to impose universal human rights is simply Western cultural imperialism.
1,260 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This essay argues that there are such things as universal human rights, and that when one state violates these, other states have a legitimate reason to raise appeal. The essay states that this can give rise to a tension between state autonomy and universal rights, however, it argues that this possibility must be endured, for the alternative is to allow people to be abused. Moreover, the paper asserts that there are practical steps that could be taken to encourage sovereign states to acknowledge universal human rights.
From the Paper
"The only difference between those who argued against suffrage in the West or against same-sex marriage in Canada, and those who today argue in favour of genital mutilation in Nigeria, is that the Western defenders of sexism and heterosexism claimed to speak for all of humanity, and for God, while the minorities claim only to speak for themselves, and sometimes for their own God - and of course, for "their women." The principle is the same - invoking culture, God, nature or tradition to justify oppression of women or other minorities, and in this way attempting to maintain the status quo. That argument was overcome in England and in Canada, and it should be overcome in non-Western nations too. Moreover, it is argued that if this poses some slight risk to the autonomy of some individual nations, then so be it. National autonomy should not extend to the point of giving ruling groups the right of torture, murder, mutilation or any other kind of violent abuse against individual human beings - not even if they are women or children!"
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Childhood in "Girl with a Pearl Earring"., 2008.
An overview of the novel "Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Tracy Chevalier.
1,243 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an account of the book "Girl with a Pearl Earring" by Tracy Chevalier, describing some of the experiences of children in this novel and explaining the factors that influenced their treatment. The author then continues to compare the experiences of these children to today's childhood. In addition, based on the evidence, she draws a conclusion about the value of studying the past and comparing it to the present.
From the Paper
"This novel presents an interesting comparison between the lives of children in wealthy homes and in poor homes in seventeenth century Delft. Griet at 16 is young enough to remember her happier childhood with her brother and her sister. However, Griet is also old enough when her father loses his eyes to a kiln accident to realize that her chance for a better future rests on her making a good marriage. Those chances are seriously reduced when she has to go clean house to help help her family. Griet living elsewhere will reduce the reduce the strain on her family's ability to support itself, but the eight stuivers that she makes each day will also provide financial assistance (Chevalier 6-8). Griet is not the only child who is working in the family, however. Her brother, Frans, is also employed as an apprentice at the age of thirteen. Clearly the apprenticeship was not a result of the accident, given that their father had "saved hard to pay the apprentice fee" and had planned to set up a tile factory with his son (Chevalier 10)."
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Infanticide: Overview and Analysis, 2008.
The author of this paper discusses both the social consequences of infanticide in traditional third world countries and the social acceptability of neonatal euthanasia in Western cultures.
1,780 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the social consequences that will result in traditional third world countries from gender imbalance due to a bias in male children, sex-selective abortion and female infanticide. Furthermore, the paper discusses the modern Western issue of the killing of infants who suffer from incurable illnesses. Specifically, the paper assesses the social acceptability of some nations in Western Europe that have in recent years attempted to enact legal protocols for neonatal euthanasia, by which the most severely ill infants may legally be killed following consultation between physicians, parents, and authorities.
From the Paper
"In contrast to the problem of mass, sex-selective infanticide in traditional cultures, in the West the issue of the killing of infants who suffer from incurable illnesses has recently arisen. It is important to clearly distinguish such euthanasia from infanticide proper, although opponents of such euthanasia are likely to argue that the distinction is not valid ("Outrage," 2004). In fact, euthanasia of both the elderly, the incurably ill, and infants (especially newborns) with incurable illnesses has taken place as long in Western nations as it has in other cultures, but only in recent years has it become a matter of controversy. One example of the controversy coming into a public debate is in the Netherlands, where in 2002, medical doctors from the University of Groningen working in cooperation with state prosecutors worked out what has come to be known as the Groningen Protocol, a set of guidelines for physicians treating severely ill infants who may not be capable of survival. According to these laws, physicians, in consultation with the infant's parents, social workers, and prosecutors, have the prerogative of making a decision concerning euthanasia in select and clearly limited situations. Of approximately 200,000 children born in the Netherlands annual, it is estimated that 600 of the most severely ill may be subject to physician-assisted euthanasia (Verhagen & Sauer, 2005). Whether this new attitude toward neonatal euthanasia will prevail and become more widely accepted remains to be seen."
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African-American Women and Drug Trafficking, 2008.
This paper explores the relationship between African-American women and the selling of drugs.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the observation that young African-American women have a higher proclivity to sell drugs than other races such as their young Caucasian counterparts. The paper examines studies that shows this relationship between at risk behaviors and young African-American women. The paper also looks at research that explores how early adolescence affects African-American women later in adulthood insofar as drug-related problems are concerned. The paper discusses a proposed study that will determine the degree to which poverty and economic related circumstances contribute to drug trafficking in a specific urban center among the young African-American female population.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
II. Literature Review
III. Methodology
From the Paper
"This research project is designed to identify the primary factors related to the high incidence rate of young African American women who commonly sell drugs or engage in drug trafficking activity in the nation's urban centers. The working hypothesis states that poverty and related economic factors directly impact the study populations' proclivity to engage in drug trafficking as an economic alternative. While this might seem criminally obvious, there are social and cultural implications related to the study outcomes which the criminal justice system must learn to accommodate for such as devising adequate drug treatment programs for repeat offenders that better assess and target the contributing behaviors (Laudet, Cleland, Magura, Vogel & Knight, 2004). "
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