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TV Commercials and Children, 2008.
A review of the effects of television commercials on the eating habits of children.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses surveys which study the effect of TV commercials on children. The paper relates that the food industry has increased its advertising to all ages, including children, which is having a negative impact on their health. The paper suggests that companies should be held responsible for their influence on children, or at least present a more rounded view of food and nutrition. The paper also states that children have been bombarded by food marketing, which has resulted in higher rates of obesity. The paper ,after referring to various situations, concludes that a relationship has been found between television commercials and eating.
From the Paper
"A similar study was conducted in Europe, where children do not eat enough fruit and vegetables and where exposure to TV is negatively associated with the intake of these foods. This study by Klepp et. al. (2007) explored exposure to food commercials on TV in nine European countries with approximately 12, 750 children to determine the association between this exposure and attitudes toward eating fruits and vegetables. The authors state that the children report exposure more to more unhealthy foods than healthy ones such as fruits and vegetables. However, those who were exposed to fruit and vegetable TV ads were much more positively disposed toward eating these foods. These findings point to the important, and more positive, role that TV could play in supporting healthy eating messages."
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Communities of Practice, 2008.
An analysis of how communities of practice function and of their growing importance in businesses, organizations and worldwide.
4,096 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the globalization of knowledge pools and resources is responsible for the growing number and importance of communities of practice. The writer defines the term and gives the criteria that must be met for a community to qualify as a "community of practice." The author also describes various ways in which such a community functions and explains how informal networks and professional communities benefit the organization in which they exist as well as the individual members. Additionally, te author lists ways to cultivate communities of practice, and also notes some of their downsides. The paper includes a case study of an organization that set up a community of practice, and charts.
Case Study
Communities of Practice and Organizational Performance
Cultivating Communities of Practice
From the Paper
"With communities of practice, one cannot think in concrete or opposed terms. There is normally a continuum. For example, knowledge can be more or less explicit. Similarly, explicit knowledge is not freed from the tacit. It is not possible to make everything explicit and eliminate the tacit. It is only possible to change relationships. As a result, the process of making something explicit, formalizing or sharing are not just translations; they are instead transformations--the development of a new context of both participation and reification where the relations between the tacit and the explicit will be renegotiated."
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TV Violence, 2008.
This paper discusses the effects of TV violence on its viewers.
3,184 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that both the critical and non-critical debate about the effect of television upon its viewers seems to have begun somewhere probably in the first week or so of the sets being introduced to the public. The consequence of the appearance of television itself was immediate and profound both sociologically and psychologically, as well as economically for some industries. The writer points out that the influence of this medium on our culture as a whole is enormous, for both good and bad results. TV violence has become an extreme issue for the conservative to derogate and for the liberals to defend. The writer discusses what is the reality of the effect of TV violence on us today and especially the more impressionable children that view it. In particular, the paper discusses the current state of the debate and attempts to separate fact from fiction, both on screen and off.
From the Paper
"This same study also inferred that if children, with the help of their parents, take more control over their leisure activities that they may be able to take more control of themselves and their behaviors overall. There is another benefit in that when parents show they are concerned and take an active role in their child's wellbeing, this has the effect of children who see adults caring about them and not just using TV as the built in babysitter. Jones feels that cutting overall consumption is really the key and violence is only a small sub issue over which very little evidence is clear on direct connections. And what is clear is often not very convincing."
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Criminal Justice - Crime & Punishment, 2008.
A descriptive perception of the concept of crime and punishment, social control, and defined concepts of justice.
1,646 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper states that only the human species is known to inflict pain purely for retribution. The fact that justice and punishment for rule violations are evident in animals, and that different human cultures have defined justice, crime, and punishment in myriad, and often in mutually contradictory terms, suggests the need to establish objective principles for concepts of justice that are indeed just. The paper concludes that "justice" incorporates objective rules without basis, which reflect the strength to impose the will of the of those more powerful in society, over the less powerful. The paper also states that crime and punishment are exclusive to human societies, notwithstanding our current relative inability to administer those concepts uniformly and justly, in most human society.
Outline:
A Survey of Cultural Variation of Crime and Punishment Throughout History
Toward the Objective Standard of Justifiable Criminal Definitions and Punishment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In particular, purposeful actions on the part of society or dominant group of leaders to address unwanted behaviors or actions of the individual is apparent among many animal species, such as in relation to violations of established social and pair-bonding relationships and hierarchy of access to food and other natural resources (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2005). In certain primates, for example, group members risk both physical retaliation and elements of social exclusion if they are discovered by other group members to have hidden or failed to share resources by not disclosing its existence or location."
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| Essay # 106867 |
temporarily unavailable
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The Role of Adoption Social Workers, 2008.
A look at the role of social workers in adoption cases.
1,213 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues surrounding the role that the adoption social worker plays in finding good families to adopt children. The paper also explains the qualities needed for this job and the challenges it involves.
Outline:
Social problem or human need focused upon and clients
Setting or types of agencies/organizations where practice takes place
Functions of adoptive social work: duties, responsibilities or specific assignments
Functions of adoptive social work: knowledge and skills necessary for the social worker to effectively perform her/his duties
Challenges
From the Paper
"As couples wait longer and longer to have children, the reality prospective parents often face is that their fertility has declined over the years. The increase in the number and range of options for adoptive parents, including interracial adoption and international adoption, has caused a corresponding increase in the need for and demand for adoption social workers. The primary goal of the adoption social worker is to find good families for children and to protect the rights of the children being adopted, along with the rights of the adoptive and birth parents as well. The clients of adoptive social workers may include birth and adoptive parents and extended families, private and public agencies, and also older children undergoing the adoptive process as adoptees. The social workers may have contact with international organizations in cases of international adoption ("Social workers," 2008, Encyclopedia of Adoption)."
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Emile Durkheim and Max Weber on Religion, 2008.
A comparison of the writings of Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, focusing on their views on religion and society.
1,274 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the ideas of the French thinker Emile Durkheim and the German economist Max Weber. The writer discusses how Durkheim was interested in defining and explaining religion as a force that drives people, whereas Max Weber focused on identifying its relationship to other social and economic phenomena. Durkheim believed that religion is the basis of social organization and behavior, while Max Weber did not look at the population as a whole when analyzing its religious aspects, but at each individual. The writer concludes that, although their views differed on how religion influences society, in attempting to establish new rules and view religion from different perspectives they represent, together with Karl Marx, the foundational sociological traditions examining the "institution" of religion.
From the Paper
"Both Emile Durkheim and Max Weber approached religion in order to identify its connections with external forces. While Durkheim looked at religion in terms of a social connection and a social determination, Weber analyzed it from the standpoint of economic development. The approach taken by Durkheim is more complex in regard to the actual religious features as it presents the sacred and profane division of human activities, whereas Weber's approach is more economic and tries to identify a connection between economically emerging countries and the religion practiced by its inhabitants."
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African-American Grandmothers, 2008.
Looks at the grandmother as the linchpin of the African-American family.
2,485 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for many generations, African-American grandmothers not only have contributed economically to the family but have been the social fixture through which her family and community maintain their cohesiveness. The author relates that, in recent years, a growing number of African-American grandmothers have become "new parents again" by taking on the sole parenting responsibility for their grandchildren. The paper explores the reasons behind this trend, the historic role of the African-American grandmothers and some of the physical, mental and emotional effects of this next generation parenting role.
From the Paper
"However, African-American grandmothers as caregivers are no new phenomenon. Jiminez (2002) did a study in which she examined primary sources such as the testimonies of elderly African-American women who had been slaves. She used their stories, oral histories, biographies, and autobiographies as well as manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936 to 1940. She discovered certain commonalties between the historical development of African-American grandmothers during slavery and their experience from the second half of the 19th century until today."
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Foster-Parent/Caregiver-Child Relationship Attachment, 2008.
A research proposal to study the design and development of effective intervention programs to encourage foster-parent/caregiver and child relationship attachment.
4,790 words (approx. 19.2 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the objective of this research proposal is to design a research initiative to apply the attachment theory foster-parent/caregiver and child relationships through means of an observational study or survey/questionnaire. The author seeks to understand why the attachment between the parent/caregiver/foster parent and the child is so important to the development of the child as presented in attachment theory. The paper presents a literature review, which supports these findings and highlights the significance of activities of continuity of the child in foster care.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of Problem
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
Research Questions
Limitations
Definitions of Terms
Organization of the Remainder of the Study
Literature Review
Findings
Recommendations for Research
Methodology
Research Design
Instrumentation and Data Collection/Analysis
Population/Sample for Data
From the Paper
"Caltabiano and Thorpe relate that in order to understand these attachment models from the adult relationship perspective research has relied on interviews or self-reporting methods to learn in this area. The 'Adult Attachment Interview' was reported in the work of George, Kaplan & Main (1984) in research that conducted an in-depth exploration into the nature of the adult individual's childhood relationships to their caregiver. Another method utilized in this are of study is the self-report instrument known as the 'Attachment Style Questionnaire' (ASQ) as noted in the work of Feeney, Noller & Harahan (1994)."
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Sociological Concepts in Literature, 2008.
Examines five literary sources to explore the sociological concepts of transculturation and hybridity, orientalism and cultural translation.
1,595 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that postcolonial literature, such as Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children", deals with transculturation and the incredible and complicated processes, which lead to hybridity of the colonizing and the colonized cultures. The author points out that Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things" and Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Books" both represent the deeply rooted differences between the cultures of the West and the East. The paper also looks at Brian Friel's "Translations", Tsitsi Dangarembga's "Nervous Conditions" and Achmat Dangor's "Bitter Fruit" to illustrate that cultural translation is a potent metaphor for the way in which one civilization may try to interpret another through its own terms.
Table of Contents:
Transculturation and Hybridity: Salman Rushdie's "Midnight's Children"
Orientalism: Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things" and Rudyard Kipling's "The Jungle Books"
Cultural Translation
From the Paper
"Not accidentally, in "Midnight's Children", Saleem revises his own ancestry along with the historical past. The stories of his grandfather Aziz, a young doctor who is educated in Britain and thus already a hybrid himself, are very relevant at this point. Thus, his love story with Naseem is very interesting because it tokens the conflicting cultural attitudes between the Indian and the British cultures. While the Western civilization requires and allows a thorough physical examination of the body before establishing a diagnosis in case of an illness, the Oriental culture denies the propriety of this direct contact between a young man and a young woman outside marriage."
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Physical Disability Within the Family, 2008.
This paper looks at the impact of a physical disability within the family dynamics.
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 51.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the effects of a physical disability on the family unit. The writer looks at whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. The writer maintains that family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with certain physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. The writer concludes that more focus on specific disabilities would likely also be very helpful when it comes to looking at mental and emotional health issues and how family members react to those kinds of problems.
Outline:
Main Area of Study
Brief Review of the Literature
Critique of the Literature
From the Paper
"The main issue that must be dealt with here is whether family members and others in the medical and mental health fields are doing enough to ensure that patients that must deal with disabilities get the best care possible for all of their needs. As has been mentioned, family members and medical professionals often look only at the physical aspects of the disability and therefore they do not do enough to study and help the emotional and behavioral issues that may also come along with these types of physical disabilities, such as anxiety stemming from the diagnosis and the worry that comes along with that diagnosis. When someone has a physical disability that can be cured, the suffering from it and the problems that they face with it are usually relatively short-lived and overall these kinds of physical disabilities do not contribute to long-term pain and significant mental or emotional problems.
"However, where a chronic or permanent disability is concerned, patients and their families must deal with the physical disability for a much greater period of time, and the emotional stress that this places on the family can become very uncomfortable and painful for them if there is no effective way of treating it or no outlet for the feelings that the patient and the family often has where the physical disability is concerned."
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Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography, 2008.
An analysis of Mark Mathabane's book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography", specifically focusing on apartheid in South Africa and the appalling prejudice and segregation between blacks and whites under the regime.
938 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the book "Kaffir Boy: An Autobiography" by Mark Mathabane. Mathabane's book allows the reader to enter the South African world of apartheid and understand more about the system as it worked in South African life. Apartheid, a system of separation and segregation between blacks and whites existed in South Africa until 1994, and it drove a wedge between the people, the country, and its relationship with the world. This paper discusses how the book shows the deep wedge between races, and how much blacks suffered under the system. Furthermore, it looks at how Mathabane's story makes the time of apartheid real to the reader, and shows how prejudice and hatred can tear a people and a country apart. It also discusses that even with apartheid and racism, the author still deeply loves his home country.
From the Paper
"As the book continues, it is difficult to believe some of the atrocities and outrages were allowed to continue as long as they did. The whites oppressed the blacks and other minorities so completely, it was difficult for them to even survive. For example, Mathabane's father is arrested simply for being unemployed, one of the 'worst' offenses a black man could commit in South Africa. Some of the situations would be laughable, if they were not so real, and many of them are remarkable. Blacks are not allowed to own houses, and the government can tear down their ghetto on a whim, leaving entire families homeless and desperate. Yet, the whites, who enjoy an incredibly high standard of living, do nothing to ease the tensions and inequalities in their country. It is as if there are two separate countries, united only by the name, 'South Africa,' and the as the book continues, it draws the reader in, until they feel as if they are a part of the fight for freedom. It also makes them feel outrage that such atrocities were allowed to continue for so very long."
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Social Class Autobiography, 2008.
A discussion on how different social classes are defined and differentiated.
1,234 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the subject of social class and relates that it
transcends actual wealth because the concept relates much more to issues regarding social networking, values, beliefs, and personal identity. Furthermore, the paper discusses how social class often relates to whom one knows, how well-connected a person is in the community, and what ethnic background an individual is part of. The writer then discusses various issues regarding social class such as careers, associating with the correct people etc., and looks at how these issues relate to her own life.
From the Paper
"In spite of the limitations I place on myself in terms of who I associate with, I have been able to make friends from different class backgrounds. I learn a lot from my friends, who have taught me the value of understanding where others come from and how their self-concept is shaped by their families. The people I know from lower class backgrounds or who are very poor sometimes feel hopeless because of the long uphill battle they would have to climb if they wanted to attend university. Because their parents cannot afford tuition, they rely on scholarships or financial grants. If they attend a community college, they mark themselves as a lower class to middle class background because usually community colleges are attended by the students whose families cannot afford to send them to a larger state university. Thus, I am aware of the ways society imposes limitations on our ability to change our social class even if the United States is a more liberal society than most. I have a balanced perspective about social class: on the one hand I acknowledge the ways social class has affected my identity and my friendships, my goals and my dreams. On the other hand, I seek to transcend class and have access to different sources of income, different outlooks on life, and different social circles."
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Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead, 2008.
An analysis of the sociological philosophies of Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead.
1,646 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the major contributions to the field of sociology of Charles Horton Cooley (1864 to 1929) and George Herbert Mead (1863 to 1931). The paper discusses the sociological viewpoints of both philosophers and provides examples from some of their works. The paper discusses how their philosophies can be applied to the individual and society as a whole
From the Paper
"As a sociologist/philosopher, Mead was also extremely notable for his achievements related to what he calls the "Genesis of the Self," the genesis of human consciousness and the Self "through the gradually developing ability in childhood" to assume the role of another human being and to "visualize his own performance" from the viewpoint of significant others. In essence, Mead is attempting to explain through this genesis exactly how humans become conscious of their own Selves and their own minds. Once again, Mead's symbolic gestures play a pivotal role in the development of the Self, due to symbols arousing "in one's self what it arouses in the other individual" ("George Herbert Mead," 2006, Internet). This has much to do with emotional symbolism/gestures like crying, laughing, smiling or frowning, such as with a child who observes an adult laughing at a another person which arouses a similar reaction under similar circumstances in a social setting. Thus, as Mead understands it, the foundation of the human Self revolves around reflexes as they are generated in relation to society and its environment, for "through the individual's ability to take in his imagination the attitudes" and reflexes of other people, "his own self becomes an object of his own reflection" ("George Herbert Mead," 2006, Internet), something very closely akin to Cooley's "Looking Glass Self.""
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