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Categorization and Prejudice, 2008.
A project proposal for exploring the link between categorization and prejudice within the social cognition perspective, particularly focusing on race, gender and age.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
This research proposal aims to explore the link between categorization and prejudice within the social cognition perspective. It utilizes a multiple, or inter-sectional, approach to social cognition research and looks at three separate yet complementary aspects of social identity - race, gender and age. The paper aims to render a more nuanced account of stereotyping and the social-cognitive context in which these prejudices are enacted.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Aim
Project Description
Methodology
Participants
Stimulus Materials
Procedure
Choice of Methods for Observation
From the Paper
"The complexity of this intersectional research project involves a large number of operational variables. It is felt that by situating the project in a research laboratory environment and controlling for the age and race of the participants, a more accurate picture of automatic prejudice can be rendered. The laboratory is also well-suited to the restrictive timeframe being placed on participant responses, as well as the need for participant isolation and anonymity. It is hoped that these mechanisms will aid in eliciting automatic rather than conscious responses from the participants."
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Teen-aged Pregnancy, 2008.
This paper is a proposal to study the relationship of culture and attitudes to teen-aged pregnancies.
3,095 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for at least a century in North America, the phenomenon of teen-aged pregnancy has been examined as social malady with its pathology in questions of low morality or education, sexual abuse, low self-esteem or other defects of the affected girl. The author points out that there is relatively little research on how a pregnancy may directly harm the teen-aged girl. The paper proposes a project of straightforward functionalism to gain possibly new insights into how this phenomenon originates and how it continues when North American girls mainly are well informed as to reproduction, birth control and the non-desirability of teen-aged pregnancy. The author underscores that some cultures regard teen-aged pregnancy as less negative than a much abhorred termination of pregnancy.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Reflection on a Timeless Issue
Review of Literature
Theoretical Considerations
Methodology
Analysis
Ethical Considerations
Dissemination of Findings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"All persons to express interest in becoming participants in the project, or those merely wishing to ask about its nature and aims, will be assured verbally of the confidentiality of what they, or someone they know, may choose to contribute. When a person is contacted with a brief questionnaire a formal written guarantee of confidentiality will be provided that explains clearly the purposes of the research and its potential uses. The imperatives of confidentiality and explaining a sound agenda of research in terms of wanting to clarify why teenaged pregnancy occurs and attitudes towards it are obvious."
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Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation (BMSC), 2008.
This paper discusses Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation's (BMSC)
use of marketing research to understanding consumer behavior.
1,405 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Bristol Meyers Squibb Corporation's (BMSC) primary strengths is its success at marketing its leading products in a highly competitive sector of the healthcare industry. The author points out that BMSC's performance in the marketplace is based on a thorough knowledge of its retail customers and its end consumer, which is obtained through marketing research. The paper describes the internal dimensions, such as perceptual filter, and external dimensions, such as culture, which influence consumer choice. The author underscores that the benefit of utilizing marketing research to identify these factors of consumer behavior is that BMSC can more appropriately formulate its market strategies The paper relates that the marketing plan applies resources to the identified consumer information to develop an effective marketing strategy.
Table of Contents
Overview
Influences
The Marketing Plan
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Part of the proper identification of a consumer need, particularly in the health care industry, is identifying the correct geographic areas within which the target consumers are primarily located. This is important for several reasons but primarily ensures that the proper market is reached, that the right product or service is placed before the consumer, and that duplication of services is avoided. These considerations are all requisite to the strategic planning process in conceiving the entire marketing plan, but particularly in delineating the correct geographic, and geo-demographic areas where the targeted consumers are physically located."
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Insomnia, 2008.
A paper that discusses insomnia - a disorder that affects people's sleep patterns.
912 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the cognitive disorder - insomnia, used to describe individuals who have poor sleep patterns, or are unable to sleep for long periods. The paper details two studies carried out on senior level undergraduates aged between 20-22, explaining the design of the study and correlation of the results.
Outline:
Introduction
Experimental Design
Non-experimental/Correlational Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Participants in the study were all senior level undergraduates age range 20-22 obtaining 12 credits or higher in their 1st semester. The participants were males and females living in same sex dormitories. Questionnaires were distributed during the 2nd semester junior year in order to select the most stressful students in their senior year. Selections were made and 50 males and 80 females selected that also had employment. The questionnaire explain the criteria of insomnia as such, for example, "How many hours of sleep do you think you get every night," "How many credit hours have you registered for in your senior 1st semester," "What is your gender," "Do you indulge in any recreational drugs," "Do you suffer from any mental ailments, i.e., depression, anxiety attacks, anti-social effects, etc.,'" and "Are you currently taking any prescribed medication." These answers will assist with defining insomnia as a chronic problem or whether a few spells have arose and dissipated from the students.
Clark (1999) "proposed six processes that impede natural
self-correction of anxiety; safety-seeking behaviors,
attentional deployment, spontaneous imagery, emotional
reasoning, memory processes, and the nature of the threat
representation" (Clark, 1999, p. S5).
In terms of GTM, participants characterized with chronic insomnia (CI), through the questionnaire, will be paired with the participant with less insomnia (LI) criteria. GTM was conducted for one-hour sessions, which met twice of week for the duration of the 1st semester (18 weeks). During the session, CI expressed the concerns about school workload, their GPA, scholarship induced criteria, chronic joint pain or migraines, poor concentration, roommates, teachers, and employment. LI expressed the majority of the same concerns except for poor concentration and chronic joint pain or migraines and reported that they would carve out specific days (Wednesday, Friday and Sundays) to sleep in."
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Alcohol Myopia and Risky Behavior, 2008.
A research analysis into whether alcohol myopia is linked to risky sexual behavior.
1,294 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a research experiment into whether alcohol use, regardless of environmental cues, is linked to increased likelihood to engage in unsafe sex - that is, to not use condoms. The paper analyzes whether alcohol intoxication, triggered by environmental cues, can result in risky behavior. The paper presents the experiment design and how the research was conducted.
Table of Contents:
Experimental Design
Non-Experimental/Correlation Design
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Alcohol is linked with risky behavior by researchers, the media and popular culture. Alcohol myopia theory has proven in a number of experiments that intoxicated individuals are not as susceptible to mild or submissive environmental cues, however, as much as suggestive cues. Nevertheless, alcohol consumption is a large part of social relaxation for many people, and the risky behavior and interpretative thinking intoxicated people engage in are therefore important fodder for study. The former study outlined above tests environmental cues associated with intoxication in the form of the subject matter of a movie; the latter experiment tests environmental cues in terms of public displays of acceptable, outlandish drunken behavior."
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A Study Analysis: Physical Fitness and Drug Recidivism, 2008.
This paper analyzes the study "Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes" by Eric R. Thompson.
877 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the study "Drug court Interventions and the Role of Physical Fitness programs in Client Treatment Outcomes". The paper explains that the subject study was conducted in the Orange County Drug Court to see if the well accepted benefits of a physical fitness program would have a positive influence on the relapse and recidivism rate that is usually very high among drug offenders. The paper concludes that due to limited participation, the results were inconclusive.
Outline:
Part One - Is This A True Experiment?
Identify the Independent and Dependent Variables
Internal and External Validity
Cross-sectional versus Longitudinal
Identify the Study and Control Groups
Does the Study Meet the Requirements of Randomness?
Will the Study be Generalizable to the Broader Population?
Part Two - Ethical Issues
From the Paper
"The requirements that a true experiment have are three elements, those being two comparison groups, variations in the independent variables before assessment of the dependent variables and random assignment of the groups (Schutt, 2006, p.201). In the assessment of the fitness programs in drug courts, the researcher made a good faith effort to establish the requisite elements to have a true experiment. However his efforts were hampered due to low funding and low participation (Thompson, 2006, p.84). As detailed below, the study did have independent and dependent variables, variations in the independent variables, however the randomness of the participants was lacking due to an extreme lack of participation in the experimental group. Therefore although the experiment was set up with the best of intentions, the actual scientific value of the experiment is questionable because of the weakness of the third element."
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A Study Comparison, 2008.
A comparison of the Los Angeles Police Department's West Point Leadership Program Participant survey and the Examination of Racial Profiling Data in Large Metropolitan Area study.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the Los Angeles Police Department's West Point Leadership Program Participant survey to the Examination of Racial Profiling Data in Large Metropolitan Area study. The paper examines the type of study units used, the type of data gathered and whether the study was experimental, quasi-experimental or non-experimental. The paper compares the internal and external validity of the studies and examines if the studies met the requirements for randomness and applicability to the general population.
Outline:
Abstract
Units of Analysis
Cross-Sectional versus Longitudinal Design
Experimental, Quasi-Experimental or Non-experimental Design
Internal Validity
External Validity
Randomness
Generalizable to a Larger Population
From the Paper
"The researchers in the WPLP Survey used individual surveys to gather data on the perceived success of leadership training for command officers in the various police departments as offered by the Los Angeles Police Department. The gathering of individual surveys, collecting and analyzing data from individuals is an example of researchers using individual units of analysis (Jenks, Carter Jenks& Correia, 2006 p.56). The Profile Data research involved gathering data from traffic stops conducted in several large metropolitan areas to find evidence of racial profiling. There were approximately 540,000 individual traffic stop incidents (Joiner, 2006, p.73). Although data was gathered on the individuals involved in the traffic stops, this data was part of a large review of the traffic stop incident records of the different police departments of the large metropolitan areas, thus the units of analysis was group units."
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Article Critique: The Community Nurse and Learning Disabilities, 2008.
A critique of the research reported by O. Barr in the article "The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period".
1,965 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and critiques O. Barr's article "'The Evolving Role of Community Nurses for People with Learning Disabilities; Change over an 11-Year-Period", found in the "Journal of Clinical Nursing". The paper describes the intention of the study, the study's literature review, and the data collection process for the study. The paper further notes that the sample for Barr's study was based on a community of nurses involved directly with people with disabilities and that this sample was very appropriate to address the research problem and the stated objectives of the study. In addition, the paper explains that the research design was quantitative and then examines the results, findings, strengths and weaknesses of the study.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Article Critique
Problem, Purpose, Research Question
Literature Review
Ethical and Legal Issues
Sample- Sampling Design
Research Design
Data Collection: Methods and Strategies
Results and Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
From the Paper
"The literature review includes a definition of the concept of learning disabilities as being made up of three aspects. These are a reduce ability to understand new or complex information; a reduced ability for independent coping; and these problems have to be present before the age of 18 years and produce a lasting effect on development. The way that learning abilities are defined will later become one of the variables because the definition determines the nurses' approach and role for these clients. The aspect of coping, for example, means that the nurses do not look upon learning disabilities as simply a matter of cognitive impairments."
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), 2008.
This paper defines corporate social responsibility (CSR) and evaluates the Canadian company RIM, maker of the Blackberry, on its CSR.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper defines corporate social responsibility (CSR) as the fundamental duty that corporations have to act responsibly and ethically and in a manner that does not harm the environment. The paper continues that CSR also requires corporations to ensure all individuals directly or indirectly affected by its transactions are treated with respect and to conform to the letter and the spirit of the law. The author indicates that the priority measurement is the public and private records regarding the corporation's past behavior in the marketplace, such as employee abuses, environmental damage and legal difficulties, using a frequency metric over a period of time to establish a baseline for future measures of CSR behavior. The paper concludes that RIM does not do enough in its CSR related activities and should adopt programs to assist Canada's large immigrant population with integration into the broader social fabric of the Canadian population.
Table of Contents:
Corporate Social Responsibility
Representative Corporation
Population Characteristics
Target Company's CSR Profile
From the Paper
"RIM maintains its CSR profile in several ways. The first example of how RIM adheres to a CSR imperative is that it has a publicly published and viewable code of ethics which requires that all its employees conform not only to all legal and regulatory mandates but that they also behave ethically appropriate as well. The code of ethics for the company originates directly from the office of the co-CEO, Jim Balsillie. Another example of RIM's compliance with CSR mandates is its basic factors that it requires its outsourcing partners to meet in order to maintain their manufacturing contracts with RIM." These contractor standards such as providing
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Social Class and Mental Illness, 2008.
This paper argue that there are problems in connecting mental illness specifically with social class, ethnicity and gender.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the association of mental illness with social class contains implications resulting in stigma for the patient, errors in psychiatry approaches, and misinformation about mental health policies. The author points out that the belief that mental illness was associated specifically with the lower social classes and certain ethnicities began in the 19th century; however, today, the conclusion is that mental illness is manifested across all social classes and ethnicities. The paper relates that the fundamental research problem remains that, whatever means are used to measure the association of mental illness with social class are still not standardized. The author states that another problem is that, when social class is linked to mental illness, the real meaning is easily distorted. The paper concludes that the more common mental disorders such as stress are not the result of social class but of social disadvantages.
From the Paper
"In Song and Biegel's (1997), there is an assumption that the family caregiver of the mentally ill is also likely to have mental illness. The symptoms the caregiver experienced were caused by the care giving burden, the patient's behavior, and lack of social support. However, lower social class and race were presumed to be factors in the appearance of mental illness symptoms. The reason is that caregiver burden differs between the white middle class and lower classes which are not white. The link between care giving and developing symptoms is based in patient impairment and behavior which results in severe caregiver stress."
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Article Review: "Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work", 2008.
This paper identifies the types of data and variables contained in the research by Eric Lambert and Nancy Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict'.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
This paper explores an article that presents the exploratory research by Lambert and Hogan entitled 'Possible Antecedents of Correctional Staff Work on Family Conflict' and reported in a 2006 "Professional Issues in Criminal Justice: A Professional Journal". The author points out that the nominal level of measurement was the control variables labeled "Personal Characteristics", such as gender, age and position. The paper reports that the measures of the variables, other than those of the personal characteristics, were on a sliding scale, which could not be interpreted as ordinal data or variables. The author reports that the independent variables were the level of job danger, role ambiguity, role conflict, instrumental communication (performance feedback), integration, input to decision-making, supervision, job variety and organizational fairness; the dependent variable of work on family conflict was rated at several different levels.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Nominal Data / Nominal Variables
Ordinal Data / Ordinal Variables
Interval Data / Interval Variables
Ratio Data / Ratio Level Variables
Methodology of Research
Proposed Version of Similar Research
From the Paper
"The goal of yielding a bounty of ratio data would require an expansion of the dependent variable on the survey. In the present research, work on home conflict was limited to nine items varying from time conflict to strain or harm to family life. The researchers determined that only five of the independent variables had a statistically significant influence upon work on home conflict If it is desired to obtain more ratio data, then a new survey should be prepared emphasizing the five areas most likely to antecede work on home conflict and of those items rate the level of each area of work on home conflict established by the first survey."
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Deep Vein Thrombosis, 2008.
This paper analyzes three nursing research articles, using quantitative, qualitative, and systematic designs, seeking the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Hayes et al. as presented in 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Updating Practice, Improving Compliance' in the 2002 "MedSurg Nursing" used qualitative research based on interviews; however, there was no report of the literature review, research design or description of the participants. The author points out that the article by Sprigg and Gray 'Compression Stockings and the Prevention of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism' from a 2004 "Evidence Based Practice Information Sheets for Health Professionals" described a nested observational design but has problems with validity and reliability and therefore cannot be generalizable to all patients. The paper concludes that the best article is the systematic review by the American Nurses Association 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism is Crucial' in a 2006 "American Journal of Nursing" because the suggestions and recommendations are based directly on the research and are usable.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic Review
Ratings
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Sprigg and Gray's (2004) study is strong because of its use of confounders such as medications and the effect of other illnesses. The committee was blinded to what patients were wearing stockings. Data were collected three times and consisted of assessing the patient for either adverse or beneficial outcomes. There were no withdrawals but two percent were excluded. The rating would be S (strong). Hayes et al. (2002) supply very little information. The only information is on data collection which was done through interviews."
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Nursing Research, 2008.
This paper explores nursing research and its utilization.
1,128 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that nursing practices guided by research-based evidence is fast replacing the old paradigm of anecdotal experience handed down from mentor to student. The paper discusses the historical origins of nursing research, namely the legacy of Florence Nightingale. The paper looks at the crucial role of nursing research. The paper discusses how barriers to research still exist, particularly in the initiation of research or in its implementation.
Outline:
Historical Origins of Nursing Research
Role of Nursing Research: Utilization
Evidence-Based Practice
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research is a challenge as it constantly involves bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and actual practices in order to find new and practical applications. However far removed research may seem to the nurse in a clinical setting, nursing practices guided by research-based evidence is fast replacing the old paradigm of anecdotal experience handed down from mentor to student, a testament to the continuous dedication of the nurse to professional development in the midst of resistance and the temptation of complacency. Research is "essential if the nursing profession is to meet its mandate to society for effective and efficient patient care" (American Nurses Association [ANA], 1994, para. 3)."
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Research Article Analysis: Web-based Nursing Course, 2008.
This paper discuses the objectives and methodology of a research report by L. Hsu and S. Hsieh entitled "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course".
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the intention of Hsu and Hsieh's research, "An Exploration of Scenario Discussion in a Web-Based Nursing Course", is to develop a nursing course to meet the needs of nursing students in technically advanced health care settings where scenario discussions, web-based instruction (WBI) and assessment of learning outcomes are the priorities. The author points out that this type of nursing course is intended to correspond to the realities of contemporary nursing and to equip students for a very different role from that to which nurses in the past have been accustomed. The paper commends the logical progression from the literature review to the research purpose in that the literature supports the purpose. The author reports that Hsu and Hsieh used a combination of quantitative and qualitative designs. The paper states that this study should be redesigned to separate the learning processes and learning outcomes from development of the scenario discussion website because the latter is given inordinate emphasis.
Table of Content:
Purpose
Literature Review
Research Questions
Methodology
From the Paper
"Even the demographic profile of the participants is largely concerned with exposure to the Internet. Participants' feelings such as anxiety or frustration due to lack of familiarity with scenario discussion consistently were given prominence. The four themes were based on responses to the open-ended questions and were concerned with both positive and negative experiences. Positive experiences included enhanced knowledge, rich content, and integrated information; negative reactions mainly were related to an inability to identify crucial information or poor recall of information. Reactions by participants ranged from satisfaction with new learning and thought patterns to stress and irritation. The researchers were equally concerned with attitudinal and institutional barriers encountered by the participants to online learning as they were with the beneficial aspects of the teaching platforms. The outcomes of this study are expressed in subjective terms such as satisfaction, frustration and anger."
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