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Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research, 2004.
A comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative research designs.
1,485 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the quantitative and qualitative designs should be adopted based on the design's appropriateness to the problem of the study. The paper explains how the dichotomy and differences between the qualitative and quantitative research designs led to the emergence of specific perceptions about each design. The paper contends that quantitative research is considered more scientific than qualitative, while the latter is considered more in-depth in acquiring information than the former. The paper states that while they differ in methodology and analysis, quantitative and qualitative research designs actually present two facets of a social phenomenon or action.
From the Paper
"In the conduct of sociological research, the qualitative and quantitative research designs remain the predominant structures in which scientific studies on social phenomena are discovered, analyzed, and interpreted. However, the emergence of quantitative research design prior to the development of the qualitative design created a dichotomy in the field of social science research, wherein preferences for each research design emerged. This dichotomy had been the central focus of discussions and debates about social science research: quantitative research is commonly associated with rigid scientific methodology and analysis, while qualitative research is considered more intrusive and less rigid in terms of data collection and analysis."
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Workforce Development, 2005.
The paper is a research proposal to evaluate Ohio higher education as it relates to workforce development and Targeted Industry Grants in Ohio, including its history, social and economic impact and barriers.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in an effort to improve employment rates, states were provided with much latitude to experiment with a variety of welfare-to-work programs by creating employment and training programs, job search, education and workfare. The author points out that, across the country, state budgets have been falling as a result of reduced revenues; consequently, it has become particularly important for state employment services to be able to provide objective indicators of the economic success of their programs. The paper relates that this study will employ a hybrid methodology, using both a qualitative literature review concerning job development initiatives and grant programs and a statistical analysis of the wage records from the State of Ohio since the inception of the Enterprise Ohio Network in 1986 to the present, to identify significant trends and the impact of these and other initiatives on the employment rate in the State of Ohio compared to other states, which have similar development programs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Overview of Study
Preliminary Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
State of Ohio Targeted Industries Training Grants
Methodology
From the Paper
"Today, the Enterprise Ohio Network is a statewide consortium comprised of 54 public two-year colleges and university branch campuses; since 1986, these 2-year schools have been partnering with businesses, organizations and public service agencies to provide real-world experiences and opportunities in the workplace. The Targeted Industries Training Grants are currently available to eligible companies through the statewide network of Enterprise Ohio Network campuses. In their segment, "Who are we?," the organization reports that it is "a statewide quality and productivity improvement resource available to all Ohio businesses seeking to improve their selection, development and retention of talented people." The Enterprise Ohio Network was established in 1986 as a framework in which to bring Ohio's public two-year community and technical colleges and university branch campuses together to better serve Ohio companies by partnering with companies to profile jobs, assess skill requirements, screen new hires, and deliver training that supports business success; and helping employers build teams, reduce scrap, decrease machine down time, improve cycle times, increase output, improve customer satisfaction."
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Approaches in Addiction Therapy, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact that the phenomenon of natural remission and other approaches has on addiction treatment and therapy.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that many research studies reveal a central problem facing medical science; within the ambit of objective and scientific methods of verifiability, the theory and praxis of spontaneous remission is both difficult to explain and to prove. The author points out that many studies suggest that accepted formal procedures may be counterproductive for remission especially relating to the important area of the correct type of treatment for specific individuals. The paper stresses that the belief that one can change oneself is influenced significantly by the societal conditions present in the subject's life, which implies that the lack of certain conditions, such as stability and social networks, will increase the likelihood of addiction and substance abase.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodological Problems
Formal and Non-Formal Approaches
The Informed Eclectic Approach
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Advocates of the informed eclectic approach are aware that at present the natural remission approach is problematic, with existing treatment programs offering little in the way of treatment alternatives. One of the main obstacles lies in the full acceptance of alternative approaches. Researchers have found that in most instances formal and empirically based treatment programs still tend to dominate. "There is no tried and true, 'state-of-the-art' treatment of choice for alcohol problems. Rather, the state of the art is an array of empirically supported treatment options." Furthermore, there is also the realization that the matching of treatment to patients is an important aspect that needs to be developed."
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Research Paper Formats, 2005.
This paper explores the most popular research paper formats, including: APA, MLA and Harvard.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when creating a written work, a writer often turns to other sources for information and confirmation of their ideas, which need to be given credit for their content. The formatting of these citations and references and the general formatting of the paper itself are specified by several organizations. The author points out that APA, MLA and Harvard, the three of the most common formatting styles used today, have many similarities including the inclusion of the author's surname or an abbreviated title when an author is not available for in text citations; however, the inclusion of the year of publication and/or the page number differs according to the style. The paper relates that, the reference list of the works cited also differs in style, yet typically contains similar information, giving the reader the ability to investigate the cited work.
Table of Contents
Introduction
APA Format
MLA Format
Harvard Format
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first step is to identify the author of the electronic source. This is sometimes not identified. In those instance, the page title is substituted for the author's surname in the in text citation, surrounded by parentheses. Date of publication must also be determined, as well as the URL of the electronic source. The full URL should be provided to direct the reader exactly to the source, and not just the main page of the material. With direct quotes, where page numbers are normally applied in the Harvard style, these are omitted, as they typically don't exist in electronic source materials."
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Birth Control Distribution Controversy, 2005.
A quantitative evaluation and research proposal of the safety and potential benefits of distributing birth control pills over the counter in the United States.
1,154 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that will be to evaluate whether or not use of birth control pills over the counter is considered as safe as prescription birth control, which is currently the only offering available in the United States. It explains that the study will attempt to compare the adverse affects of not having birth control available in addition to analyzing patient education differences between two groups: those self-medicating with pharmacists assistance and those receiving prescriptions from their doctor.
Abstract
Introduction
Significance of Study
Preliminary Literature Review
Methods
Population
Results
From the Paper
"The methods used for this study will include a quantitative evaluation that will examine the use patterns of women currently using birth control at family planning clinics in the United States. Study criteria will include women who are interested in receiving birth control over the counter who are willing to complete a survey to determine whether or not they feel provider evaluation and counseling prove beneficial. The subjects will be asked to rate whether or not they feel provider input with regard to birth control pill use has been beneficial or not in the past."
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Distance Perception in Driving, 2004.
An analysis of distance perception of vehicle rear lights when driving in foggy conditions.
1,308 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper assesses drivers' depth-perception in vehicle-following circumstances and the connection with the reaction time for applying brakes and their ability to assess the actual distance of their vehicle from the leading vehicle. The paper describes an experiment wherein 50 participants are chosen, 25 male and 25 female. The paper explains that the experiment takes place in foggy weather on a 15 km section of a two-lane highway. The paper contends that it is expected that the drivers will maintain the minimum distance in relation to their speed and the speed of the leading vehicle. Additionally, the drivers are expected to maintain a minimum safe distance so that they can apply brakes in a timely manner. The paper identifies the necessary patterns and methods that can offer substantial information on the subject of depth perception.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Research Study 1
Research Study 2
Research Study 3
The Subject under Investigation
Significance of the Study
The Tasks and Variables Used
Expected Results
Methods Section
Materials
Procedure
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Depth Perception can be defined as "the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions. It is a trait common to many higher animals. Depth perception allows the beholder to accurately gauge the distance to an object (The American Heritage Dictionary, 2004)." The study of "Depth perception" has taken a major position in the research studies because majority of the road accidents occur due to inaccurate judgments about the distance of the vehicle in front. Majority of the research studies have utilized the following instruments to evaluate "depth perceptions:" Binocular vision, Motion parallax, Color vision, Perspective, Relative size, Distance fog, Occlusion, Depth from Focus (Cavallo V, Colomb M, Dore J, 2001; Johan W.A.M and Jan Theeuwes Alferdinck 1995 and Van Winsum and Heino 1996)."
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Environmental Issues, 2005.
This paper is the negative argument of a debate about various environmental issues.
2,580 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that installing solar collectors on rooftops and insulating homes in America will not provide citizens and businesses with the energy needed to keep American strong; therefore, it is paramount that the U.S. continues to use fossil fuels. The author stresses that the green movement offers an alarmist misuse of statistics; distressing techniques have been used to calculate atmospheric temperatures above the oceans of the world have resulted in a 40% exaggeration of 'global warming' according to an international study by scientists. The paper relates that the sea levels are rising around the planet but not in any uniform fashion; it is a natural phenomenon in between ice ages.
Table of Contents
Introduction: The U.S. Government Should NOT Turn Away From Fossil Fuels
Nuclear Power, Wind Power and Hydro Power are NOT the Ultimate Answer
Global Warming Myths Exposed
Global Warming is NOT Occurring
Greenhouse Gases are NOT the Cause for Global Warming
Sea Levels are NOT Rising as Indicated by Environmental "Experts"
Temperatures are NOT Rising as Fast as Some Environmentalists Say They Are
Oil is the Best Choice for Reliable Energy for America
The Antarctic Ice Sheets (Polar Ice Caps) are NOT Melting
Animal Species and Sea Life will NOT become Extinct in Massive Numbers
Solar Energy is a Good Idea but it is NOT Practical at this Time
From the Paper
"Nuclear power is extremely dangerous and nuclear plants can get out of control: The Chernobyl nuclear accident in Russia in 1986 caused an estimated 4,229 deaths in the Ukraine, and unknown number of cancers throughout Europe, according to Dr. Richard Smart, Department of Nuclear Medicine at St. George hospital in Kogarah Australia. World renowned radiation expert Dr. Helen Caldicott - founder and president of Physicians for Social Responsibility - explains that plutonium, a by-product of nuclear fission, is "so carcinogenic that hypothetically half a kilo even distributed could cause cancer in everyone on earth." Also, five kilos of plutonium in the hands of a terrorist can make a sizable nuclear weapon; currently, there over 1,200 tons of plutonium are stored around the world near nuclear plant sites. Additionally, reprocessing spent fuel "causes deadly radiation releases into the environment that are a threat to public health." "
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Nursing Journal Article Critique, 2005.
This paper is a critical review of a professional article in "American Journal of Nursing" by Debra D. Meleski (2002) and entitled "Families with Chronically Ill Children: A Literature Review Examines Approaches to Help Them Cop."
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the article by Debra D. Meleski by evaluating the substantive qualities (research problem and purpose, research question and accompanying hypothesis/hypotheses, variable identification, supportive literature and conceptual framework), research methodology, research ethics, data interpretation, writing and presentation style and quality of presentation and writing. The author points out that omission of research tenets does not dismiss the importance of a literary manuscript as long as the authors adhere to other research requirements, namely, a statement of a research problem, a well developed presentation of the rational for the research investigation and an acknowledgement of what the research investigation purports to accomplish. The paper concludes that this particular journal article does not add to any scientific body of knowledge for the nursing profession, does not have any relative implication for nursing and does not impact on the role of the pediatric nurse.
From the Paper
"First of all the any article being reviewed must be reported as to type of research conducted, namely, quantitative or qualitative. As the Meleski article is a review of previous literature describing how best to assist families cope with chronically ill children, neither the quantitative or qualitative classification can be strictly applied. The most that can be said, without lessening the importance of the subject matter itself, is that the writing is of a historical type. One could, however, view the written presentation as being that which constitutes the "Literature Review" chapter of either a quantitative or qualitative study. In addition, being that the complete presentation is based on a literature review the author was able to avoid any statement of testable hypothesis, statistical data analysis, and data measurement."
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Roman Portraiture at Aphrodisias.
This paper is a research proposal to study the interpretation of Roman portraiture at Aphrodisias, Turkey.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the central trajectory of this research is to explore and discuss the differences in views and interpretations of male and female statues and portraiture at the Roman archaeological site of Aphrodisias, Turkey. The author points out that the contemporary perceptions of the actual and intended meaning and interpretation of an ancient work of art may not be the meaning as it was intended at the time. The paper relates perceptions, which will form an important part of the research are (1) the differences between men and women in Late Greek and Roman sculpture, (2) changing attitudes seen in later Greek and Roman society as reflected in their art especially (3) the sense of freedom in emerging democratization and the concomitant sense of individual independence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Interpretations and Context
Aphrodisias and Gender Portrayal
From the Paper
"Another theoretical area that will be included in the assessment of the artworks is contemporary awareness of "master narratives', as an important aspect affecting the perception of the works. In brief, this refers to an awareness of a more deconstructive assessment and perspective relating to the possibilities of misinterpretation and the overlaying of modern assumptions over the essential meaning of the artworks. Questions that have to be asked in this regard include: is the emotional response to the sculptures or statues determined by our particular historical and cultural milieu; to what extent is it possible to understand Roman sculpture within the framework in which it was created?"
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Mortality Rates between SUV and non-SUV Automobile Drivers, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to investigate the differences in mortality rates due to motor vehicle accidents between SUV and non-SUV automobile drivers.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the popular SUVs are believed to be significantly more dangerous than mid-sized cars even though SUVs are marketed as being safer than standard passenger cars. The author lists the independent (treatment) variables of the proposed study as (1) the vehicle type, (2) geographic location and (3) gender of driver; the identified measurement (dependent) variable will be the mortality rate of drivers between the ages of 25 and 45 who are involved in vehicular accidents. The paper states that, as the proposed research project seeks to determine whether or not there exists a relationship and differences between the independent variable and dependent, along with interaction effects, the preferred method of statistical data analysis is a correlation technique and an analysis of variance (ANOVA), which will be a modified orthogonal analysis of variance that will accommodate possible unequal cell frequencies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of the Motor Vehicle
The Psychology of Driving
Research Question and Hypothesis
Research Design
Statistical Data Analysis
Data Collection Procedures
Study Limitations
Definition of Terms
Literature Review
Expected Results
From the Paper
"Automobiles, and those who drive them, in today's society, and not unlike any era in automotive history, have gone beyond the utilitarian function and have become a symbol of significance, namely, a status symbol, a coming of age symbol, a symbol of independence, and a symbol of virility. Summed up, driving has become, to a great extent, a personality trait in as much as there are thrill seekers, risk takers, and offensive protagonists. In fact, the plaguing question is whether or not distinctive personalities drive in different ways and whether or not each personality can be aligned with a certain automobile. Although volumes can be written on the psychology of the automobile and the American driver the purpose of this report is not to eulogize the automobile nor paint a psychological portrait of the American driver, rather to investigate something a little more important, yet somewhat commonplace, namely, the mortality accident rate between two commonplace American type vehicles - the Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) and what is best described as the passenger car that are involved in fatal accidents."
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Hallucinogenic Drugs in Treatment of Mental Illness, 2005.
A research proposal for exploring the use of hallucinogenic drugs as a treatment for certain mental illnesses.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal for exploring and researching the use of hallucinogens in the treatment options of mental illness. The paper also proposes that, if deemed worthy by the relevant and informative documentation gathered, further research into the topic should be conducted.
From the Paper
"LSD is a hallucinogen which group includes Psilocybin, Psilocyn, Mushrooms, and Peyote, and Mescaline all hallucinogens. Under the influence of these drugs psychological affects occur as well as "light, color and shapes are altered, and imaginary objects appear." Walls 'melt' as well as other objects appearing to melt in front of the individuals eyes. Those under the influence of hallucinogens often feel as though their body is afloat or in reverse being pressed downward and the feeling of moving as though in very slow motion has been reported. Tiny details draw the focus of the individual for long period of time. Mood swings have been cited as one extreme caused by hallucinogens as the individual bounces from thought to thought. Also reported by some are feelings that their body is enlarging or diminishing and in some instances even changing its' shape. Physical symptoms include, dilated pupils, dizziness, dry mouth, numbness, tremors, heavy perspiration, Bad body odor, Chills, goose bumps, nausea, muscle weakness, trembling, poor coordination, lowered body temperatures(LSD or psilocybin mushrooms), Higher body temperature (peyote/mescaline), Rapid heart rate (LSD or psilocybin mushrooms, depressed heart rate and breathing (peyote/mescaline)."
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Sleep Patterns Of Adolescents, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal seeking the relationship of sleep deprivation and early school starts and an extensive literature review exploring the sleep patterns of adolescents.
3,335 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the tendency of adolescents to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning, as compared to prepubescent children and adults, is not caused by choice but rather a natural circadian phase delay experienced by adolescents. The author points out that the ability to effectively interact with peers while learning and processing novel information may be diminished in many sleep-deprived adolescents. The paper states that a series of surveys and questionnaires will be used to gather relevant data will be gathered from parents, teachers and school administrators exploring the negative relationship of early start times and the health and well-being of adolescents. Chart and table.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Literature Review
Methods and Procedures
Introduction
Literature Review
Data Collection
Data Analysis Procedure
Design of the Study
Research Questions
Sample and Population
Instrumentation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Approximately every 90-minute during sleep, the brain goes through four stages of sleep, from light sleep to deep sleep. The most important stage is Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, also called "the dream stage." As you sleep, your brain become aware of the situation and take measures to solve it. Schools are to provide all students with knowledge and the opportunity to achieve regardless of limitations. Schools need to ensure good conditions in which learning takes place. If schools opened later, it would help the grades, attitudes and health of the students."
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Prostate Cancer Testing, 2005.
This paper is a research proposal to analyze the current compliance rates of African-American men for prostate cancer testing in Los Angeles County.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although African-American men are considerably more likely than white men to die of prostate cancer, they are reluctant to seek prostate cancer testing because they (1) perceive negative ethnic and cultural messages about masculinity, (2) have a high degree of discomfort with their emotions and (3) believe that submitting to health-sustaining annual prostate exams or performing testicular self-exams as unnecessary, humiliating and 'unmanly' activities. The author points out that, in spite of the prevalence of prostate cancer in African-American communities and the importance of the churches in helping to communicate important public healthcare messages, some ministers are reluctant to sponsor cancer screening programs in the church because of their perception that these issues are too sensitive in nature to be broached. The paper states that this study will use an action research methodology, a type of applied research in which the purpose is to facilitate social change or a political-social goal and will follow the six steps described by W. L. Neuman.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Specific Aims
Background and Significance
Research Design and Methods
Limitations and Delimitations
Data Collection Methodology
Population to be Studied
From the Paper
"Unfortunately, despite a growing recognition that health education programs need to become more "culturally sensitive" to be effective, many initiatives have failed to incorporate this important component into their delivery regimen. Bachino and her colleagues define "cultural sensitivity" as the "extent to which ethnic/cultural characteristics, experiences, norms, values ... are incorporated in the design of targeted health promotion materials." Beyond the need to develop effective patient education promotional materials that effectively communicate their message to the targeted population, health care professionals also have a fundamental ethical obligation to ensure that as many patients as possible are provided with information that will allow them to make informed decisions that are consistent with an individual's culture."
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