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No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001, 2006.
This paper argues that the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001 has a negative impact on teachers, students and parents.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that there are many positive goals associated with the NCLB Act; however, the Act ultimately takes the control of classrooms away from the schools, teachers, parents, and communities who are directly accountable to the children. The author points out that the national standards are forcing schools to move away from creative, individualized and caring programs, where teachers learn about each child's learning style, towards a generic program for all students. The paper states that schools are forced to eliminate excellent programs, which work under the challenging conditions of poverty and disease, and instead implement programs, which are effective simply because the groups being served are not as challenging.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Results of the Act
Impact on Assessment
Impact on Equity
Impact on Teachers, Parents and Schools
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Robert Linn, the criterion of equity needs to be applied to any assessment. It is a mistake to assume that shifting from standardized tests to performance-based assessments will eliminate concerns about biases against racial/ethnic minorities or that such a shift will necessarily lead to equality of performance. Although many at-risk students come to school deficient in prior knowledge that is important to school achievement, teachers and schools can make a substantial difference through the construction of assessments that take into account the vast diversity of today's student populations."
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Autonomy of the Law, 2007.
This paper highlights the independence of the judiciary as an important pillar of the US government.
1,894 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the autonomy of the judiciary branch of the US government. The author presents a brief history as to how this independence was established and further discusses the importance of its autonomy. Several different perspectives of the judiciary system are considered.
Outline:
Introduction
Roosevelt's' New Deal Plan & Courts
The Internalist Approach
The Externalist Approach
Courts Handling of Commerce Power Issues
United States v. Lopez
Heart of Atlanta (Motel) v. the United States
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The executive, legislature and judiciary are the three branches of the national government in United States. Speaking on the occasion of 2003 Law-Day, President Bush highlighted the independence of the judiciary as an important pillar of the administrative system. He said, "Our constitutional system of separation of powers places careful limits on the powers of judges and separates the responsibilities of making laws and interpreting laws between the Legislative and Judicial branches. Independent Federal judges have the autonomy to make decisions and interpret the law unfettered by outside influences. In this way, we are assured that our laws will be interpreted justly and applied with uniformity". "
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United States Army Special Operations, 2006.
This paper discusses the history of the special operations unit of the United States Army.
1,110 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the operational elements of the Army Special Forces can be traced to the units of the U.S. Office of Strategic Services, OSS, which infiltrated metropolitan France during World War II. The author points out that the Army's Special Forces, referred to as the legendary Green Berets, consist of a unique, unconventional combat arms organization, which are considered the most versatile special operations soldiers in the world. The paper relates that, today, special forces units, referred to as the "Quiet Professionals", are deployed throughout the world where they display their dominance through their unconventional warfare expertise and provide humanitarian assistance and training to indigenous forces.
From the Paper
"After World War II, Colonel Aaron Bank, Colonel Wendell Fertig and LTC Russell Volckmann took their OSS experience and formulated the principles of "unconventional warfare" that became the foundation of the Special Forces. According to the Army's official Lineage and Honors, the Special Forces Groups are linked to the regiments of the First Special Service Force, that elite group of Canadian-American forces who fought in North Africa, Italy, and Southern France. The SF sprung from the Special Operations Division of the Psychological Warfare Center that was established at Fort Bragg, North Carolina in May 1952, now known as the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School."
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Preferential Treatment for Disabled Veterans, 2007.
This paper examines whether disabled veterans should receive preferential treatment over better qualified candidates.
1,459 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses whether veterans returning from Iraq with disabilities, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, should receive preferential treatment in securing employment. This paper further provides a comparison of the affirmative action programs for veterans, minorities and women, followed by an analysis of the deontological and utilitarian aspects of these human resource initiatives. The author concludes that affirmative action for veterans is weak compared to other programs for women and minorities.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Utilitarian and Deontological Considerations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"By sharp contrast, affirmative action programs for women and minorities are of fairly recent origin. According to Cohen and Sterba (2003), less than two months after assuming office, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961 that established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity; the goal of this initiative was to end discrimination in employment by the federal government and its contractors. This presidential mandate, which is still in effect today, requires every federal contract from that time forward to include the following pledge: "The Contractor will not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin. The Contractor will take affirmative action, to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin" (Executive Order 10925, 1961, cited in Cohen & Sterba, 2003, p. 12). While these words had been used in federal legislation in the past such as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, it was the mandate of President Kennedy that created the national commitment to "affirmative action" to take those steps necessary to eliminate all preference by race (Cohen & Sterba, 2003). Affirmative action programs for women and minorities assume a large variety of forms today, ranging from conducting more aggressive recruiting efforts in ethnic communities to mandating a specific number of positions be set aside specifically for female and minority candidates (Beckwith & Jones, 1997). Many states have established comparable affirmative action programs for women, minorities and disabled veterans that have recently been confirmed as constitutional as well (Muhl, 1999). "
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State and Federal Employment Systems, 2006.
A comparison between federal employment laws and New Hampshire state laws of employment.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of employment law. Specifically the paper discusses how the federal and New Hampshire state systems of government may or may not differ in their application of employment laws. Federal employment laws set the standard for most state laws.
From the Paper
"New Hampshire also has a statute regarding "displaced homemakers" that covers older women who may have been absent from the workforce for many years, and are suddenly displaced due to death, divorce, or other occurrences. The state offers assistance to these women, training for new jobs, and employment assistance. This is also a statute that is not represented in the federal employment laws. It is clear this must be a problem in New Hampshire because lawmakers felt it needed to be addressed. This statue originally took effect in 1979, so it seems New Hampshire is more forward thinking than many other states who do not yet address this issue."
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Darfur Refugees, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of the Darfur refugees as a world problem.
3,357 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer reports that many refugees are leaving Darfur and moving to other places to attempt to escape the fighting. Further, the writer notes that this is a serious world problem and states that it is important here to understand not only the refugees, but the conflict that has made them flee, as well. The writer examines the history and statistics of the conflict in Darfur. The writer concludes that the only thing that can realistically take place is to stop the conflict in the Darfur region so that these individuals can return to their homes without fear of being raped, robbed, or killed, and without fear that these same atrocities may be committed on their children.
From the Paper
"As for the refugees that are leaving Darfur, the largest majority of them are Africans that are non-Arab, and they are running from the attacks of the Janjaweed Arabs. However, there have also been perpetrators of these attacks that are non-Arab as well as victims that are proclaimed Arabs. The individuals on both sides of the fighting are generally black, and the distinction that is seen in the news media between those that are Arab and those that are non-Arab in disputed by a great many people, as well as the Sudanese government. It is believed by these disputants that the Western world and the Western media do not really understand the difference, and therefore get the distinctions wrong quite often. The labeling of Arabs and non-Arabs has also been criticized due to the fact that it makes the conflict appear to be purely racial in motivation, and experts say that there are other important reasons for the conflict, such as the competition that is seen between the nomadic cattle-herders and the farmers, because they are both fighting for resources that are very scarce in the region."
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Reporting Rape in California, 2007.
This paper discusses the statute of limitations on reporting rape in California.
1,362 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer explains that the statutes of limitations are designed to establish time periods during which the government or the plaintiff can file a suit in either criminal or civil matters, and these statutes vary based on the crime that was committed and the state that the crime was committed in. The writer points out that in California, for example, the statute of limitations on rape is three years. However, the writer notes that there may be extenuating circumstances that take place that allow someone to file suit after the three-year period has expired. The writer concludes that while sympathy must be extended to the victim of a rape or any violent crime, there must also be realism in the way that the justice system for the state of California operates, and this means that there has to be a statute of limitations.
From the Paper
"It is generally assumed that, once a statute of limitations has expired, the person that allegedly committed the crime, whether actually guilty of it or not, cannot be prosecuted for that crime. There are specific reasons for the statute of limitations, however, that are important to discuss. These generally involve considerations regarding evidence. After too much time has passed, evidence that either supports the prosecution or assists the defense may no longer be available, and the receiving of a fair trial may also be impossible. In cases such as rape, there is specific evidence that can be collected right after the event has occurred that will not be available later, but the three-year time period actually gives a great deal of time for the victim of the attack to determine whether he or she wants to step forward and go public enough to alert the police and possibly be required to testify at a trial if enough evidence is found."
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Social Welfare, 2007.
This paper explores the philosophy of social welfare today.
1,017 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how individual behavior plays a major role in accepting the system of social protection and compensation. The paper shows how when the state takes on the obligation of being the main social protection provider, it can prove to be rather risky for any economic system. The paper explains that it is difficult to consider what would be a favorable political philosophy concerning social welfare. The paper suggests that each political administration should focus their social policy on the immediate and medium term needs of the society. At the same time, it should not disregard any of the social segments in need of help and should respect, above all, basic human rights.
From the Paper
"Baruch Spinoza once affirmed that "Man is a social animal", thus he cannot live outside the social ring that such an environment creates. By giving away part of his natural freedom and entrusting a distinctive authority to govern its interest, man had signed the social contract and established the state. However, politics has most often played a part in determining the actions of this authority. Despite a democratic system, some measures which otherwise would ensure a higher protection of fundamental rights, can be weakened by more liberal measures or less orientated towards the well being of the man. These are motivated by increased attempts to create conditions for a more independent social individual. Different doctrines implement various actions, some at opposing ends of the social security system. It may be thus necessary for a combination of both economic measures which would ensure the graduate transformation of the society, but at the same time, offer relief for those who cannot support themselves."
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Economics of Healthcare and Education Reform, 2006.
This paper argues that proposals, such as national healthcare and asset models for education, are noble attempts to fix inequities in the United States, but economic realities, namely resource constraints, make them impractical.
800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although critics of the American system point out that there are too many poor, uninsured Americans and claim that national health care would eliminate this problems while providing better service at a lower cost, evidence shows that taxes would skyrocket and healthcare services would deteriorate under national healthcare. The author relates that critics of the U.S. education system attack the deficit model of education for reinforcing negative stereotypes about minority and urban youth and want to replace it with an asset model that builds learning strategies around the personal skills, interests, language and culture of individual students. The paper stresses that implementation of the asset model would call for additional funding to add teachers, but budget reductions is the current educational trend in at least 29 states.
From the Paper
"Four minority groups, Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics and Asian Americans, dominate the population of 185 counties and 2,000 towns and cities. And, there's increasing immigration from Central and South America, the Caribbean Islands, East Asia, and Slavic countries such as Russia. Given this diversity and the student to teacher ratios, it's difficult to imagine how teachers could possibly understand the dynamic and diverse social relationships of family, friendship and community that are unique to each group and incorporate them into their teaching."
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Health System and (In)Justice, 2006.
A review of the inequalities and the injustice present in the U.S. health system.
1,058 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the U.S. health policies and institutions, intended to treat the sick, take care of the people with disabilities and support the senior citizens. According to the paper, access to the health system is sometimes guaranteed for all citizens, and other times it depends on the contribution made to the health funds. The paper discusses how the quality of health services differ from person to person, depending on their socio-economic status and their personal features (such as race or sex).
From the Paper
"Still, it is more than attitude involved here. The situations can be extremely varied, depending on many factors, from one place to another. In third world countries (and if we only think about the genital mutilation practices still existing in some African countries), or in places where the role of women is of little importance, or where the education is scarce, or where the resources are limited - to discuss about inequalities in health here would be almost redundant, since inequality is part of every aspect of life. Nonetheless, the health system is filled with injustices even in the developed countries, where, for example, the life expectancy is shortened by socioeconomic disadvantages. "
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Wiretapping, 2007.
This paper questions justifications used by the Bush administration for secret surveillance programs.
837 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the argument that Bush's actions authorizing the surveillance of citizens are constitutional as they provide for common defense and ensure domestic tranquility. The writer explains that this is the argument put forth by proponents of Bush's orders authorizing secret wiretaps of private citizens and circumventing the established legal process for spying on individuals by the government. The writer discusses that some argue that the executive power vested in Bush allows him to circumvent the very document from which he gains that power, the Constitution itself. The writer claims that this logic is inherently flawed and examines three arguments as to why justifying the constitutionality of Bush's actions in this way is incorrect.
From the Paper
"The second rationale used by supporters of the surveillance program has been a defense of previous instances of constitutional violations in the name of security. The suspension of constitutionally-guaranteed rights during wartime, however, has been used only rarely during the history of our nation, most memorably when Abraham Lincoln ordered the suspension of habeas corpus, or the right to be presented with proof of why one is being incarcerated, during the Civil War. The rights of Japanese Americans were significantly violated during the internments during World War II, with executive blessing, but the government has issued an official apology for this action and deemed it a mistake, offering millions in reparations to the affected citizens and their families. The suspension of any civil liberties requires the most stringent of oversight to ensure that no freedom is unnecessarily violated, and cannot possibly be expected to be conducted fairly through the veil of secrecy under which the wiretapping programs were administered."
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Tony Blair, 2007.
An analysis of Tony Blair's 2002 speech recommending more economic stability and reform of essential services.
1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a speech made in 2002 by Prime Minister Tony Blair. The paper suggests that in making this speech, Blair was setting out certain economic concepts and linking these to values held by the British public and it suggests that these values still hold true today. The paper discusses the details of Blair's suggestions and discusses how they were viewed by other members of the government.
From the Paper
" Still, the basic thrust of what Blair said in 2002 remains the focus for him and his party as they seek to avoid abandoning that segment of the populace that cannot afford healthcare even while seeking for improvements throughout the system. Similar programs show the same agenda for other social programs and concerns, always to maintain a sense of social justice for the poor and the middle class. Blair made this a commitment for his government after a long period of conservative rule, during which costs increased, some segments of the public were missed in terms of programs, and yet the people paid more for the se4rvices they did get. The conflict between the government providing services and not providing them has been playing out in the U.S. as well, and in that case the Republican majority has been seeking to curtail many such programs. The same reasons are given as well, in order to reduce costs and to improve service. The same uncertainties apply, for it is not clear at all that eliminating government involvement and shifting to a privatized system would benefit the public or the government."
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Social Security Reform, 2006.
A look at the current social security system and an argument in favor of reforms.
1,631 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the social security system currently in place. The paper explores the history of the system and its current issues. The paper then presents an argument calling for social security reform so that citizens benefit more from its existence.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
History
The Time For Reform is Now
Those Against It
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is time to reform the system. While many people are comfortable trusting that the government will work it out, there are others who are not. For those people the time has come to allow them to choose their own retirement path."
"One suggested plan of reform is to allow employees to choose where their retirement funds are invested. The same amount would come out of their check, but instead of going into social security the funds would go to the investment of their choice. This allows them some control over movement when rates are good, and it will cause competitive plans to come forward for the purpose of attracting the social security type dollars. "
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Iraq War, 2007.
This paper provides different views on the continued presence in Iraq by America and its allies.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This articles discusses that since America invaded Iraq March 20, 2003, more than three years ago, support for the Iraq War, in America and internationally, strong at first, has lessened. The writer points out that in the latter half of 2006, support for the war, in the U.S. and elsewhere, has reached its lowest point. The writer notes that as the conflict continues, no clear answer emerges as to whether America and its few remaining allies should "stay the course" or instead pull troops out sooner, thereby cutting American and other losses. In this essay, the writer discusses reasons for and against continued involvement in the Iraq War, and explains why one should "stay the course", but not for the reasons most often mentioned by President George W. Bush.
From the Paper
"Still, a changed military strategy as described by Krepinevich could still prevent Iraq from becoming, as many now fear, another Vietnam. To remain another decade using a changed strategy might still give the U.S. and its allies, though slowly, a chance to win the peace, so that all the efforts, expense, and lost lives will not have been in vain even if the war was in fact a mistake in the first place."
"Increasingly, though, many argue America and its allies would do better to pull out now. Bartlett argues that by waging war in Iraq the President meddled where no military threat existed, failing to maintain America's priority of defending against proven military threats."
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