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Homeless Families, 2007.
This paper explores the variables that increase the risk of homelessness.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses political, cultural and health care concerns that impact families who either are currently homeless or are at risk for becoming homeless. It reviews literature that identifies how these factors affect the status of families and can contribute to or reduce the risk of families becoming homeless.
Outline:
Predictors of Homelessness
Health Issues Affecting the Homeless
Intervention Strategies
From the Paper
"Data indicates that the overall risk of homelessness can be predicted through the degree to which families experience specific conditions. The higher or more severe these variables are expressed in respect to the family, the greater the risk that the family will experience destabilizing effects in regards to their housing situation. Shinn et al. (1998) produced a comprehensive study into these variables. In a qualitative, longitudinal, interview-based assessment, Shinn et al. (1998) surveyed the data from 266 families seeking shelter from low-cost or free public shelter facilities within New York City. The authors then contrasted the data from this survey against responses from 298 families who had some form of permanent housing, and the majority of which owned or were able to rent shelter that was exclusively under their control."
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Policy Implementation, 2007.
This paper provides an assessment of strategies to promote public policy implementation.
2,281 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the study of policy implementation is necessary in order to isolate strategies that have been effective in promoting policy change and effective policy implementation. The paper examines the works of three authors who have been active in improving the quality of the research on public policy; Charles E. Merriam, Michael Lipsky and Thomas R. Dye. The paper also describes the problems facing those responsible for public policy implementation and facing public policy researchers. To illustrate the scope of these problems, the paper uses the example of initial research into HIV/AIDS.
Outline:
Introduction
Three Noted Public Policy Researchers
Problems Facing Public Policy Researchers
Possible Reforms in Policy Implementation Research
From the Paper
"Study of policy implementation is necessary in order to isolate strategies that have been effective in promoting policy change and effective policy implementation. Persons who are prominent members of the policy change process are often classified as political activists, but there are numerous authors and analysts whose perceptions have helped facilitate a greater understanding of the policy change process. While not generally recognized as prominent social or political activists, such persons have nonetheless added a significant contribution to the overall study of public policy in general, and facilitating change and implementation in particular."
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The Iroquois Theater Fire, 2007.
This paper discusses the Iroquois Theater Fire which took the lives of roughly 600 people in December of 1903 in Chicago, Illinois.
977 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the causes of the Iroquis Theater Fire, what regulations were violated and what corrective actions could have been taken to prevent the fire from having taken place. The paper contends that poor planning, derelict management and shoddy inspection work contributed to the tragedy.
From the Paper
"To begin with, the incident began at around 3:15 pm on December 30th. Inside Chicago's Iroquois theater roughly 1900 souls were crammed together to watch the popular musical, "Mr. Bluebeard, Jr.". The on-duty fireman charged with battling any blazes that broke out was armed with only two tubes of "patent powder" (which proved useless in combating the huge blaze) and the theater lacked fire hoses and any other means by which fires breaking out over the fireman's head could be battled. Furthermore, the asbestos fire curtain got "stuck" before it reached the full "down" position inasmuch as projecting lamps and/or cheap wooden tracks got in the way. These problems, coupled with others which will be discussed shortly, led to the inevitable tragedy."
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Public Administration, 2007.
A look at the problem of government services operating as a service industry or business with all the applications of business terminology and concepts, rather than a form of public administration.
1,328 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that public administration is not a profit-seeking business and the people it serves are not customers but rather invested citizens seeking access to programs and services which by their very nature should be considered innate, or in a sense a part of their birthright and their birth responsibility. The writer points out that just as it is the citizen's responsibility to vote in a democratic society it is also the citizen's responsibility to serve and access services in an environment where civil service is paramount to citizenship. The writer maintains that there is no one right answer to all the issues of public administration but there are many theoretical concepts that can work together to form a basis for the purpose of the development of the common goals of public administration.
From the Paper
"Seeking to understand this relationship between two citizens in service to one another and the common goal the individuals must utilize the concepts of civic social responsibility, so all parties understand that they are not different, that the service provider is not a representative of control and the citizen seeking assistance is not an "other," not crucial to the achievement of service and not privileged to understand the systems in place. Seeking to create a system where civic responsibility is the common goal, service will likely be improved, those who seek to be in positions of service is likely to increase, in number and the system is more likely to be conducive of group goals as those who seek services and those who seek provide a conduit for the provision of these services may have a greater empathetic relationship."
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A Career in Public Service, 2007.
This paper discusses Kenneth Ashworth's book, "Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug".
1,293 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in his book "Caught between the Dog and the Fireplug", Ashworth shares a lot of experiences and expertise on a variety of subjects in a user-friendly way; via letters sent to his relative Kim, who is starting a career in public service. The paper discusses how in these letters, Ashworth talks about a variety of topics, from taking risks and handling governing boards to public service ethics. The paper explains that Ashworth's goal is to give students of public affairs the knowledge necessary to see what life is like "in the trenches".
From the Paper
"He says that his goal is to give students of public affairs the knowledge necessary to see what life is like "in the trenches" (xi). According to Ashworth, having a successful career in this field requires more than "studying only theories and models and conceptual frameworks described by scholars and researchers of public affairs" (xii)."
"The title of the book, which sounds strange, is from advice he received from a previous board chair who said, "You don't understand. Your job description is to stand between the dog and the fireplug." In other words, a person in public service has to stand up for the elected officials and their policies, yet at the same time do what is best for the public interest."
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Hurricane Katrina, 2007.
An overview of the government relief initiative after Hurricane Katrina.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. In particular, it looks at how the nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history and how the government spent billions in relief and organizations from local, state, and federal levels worked in unison with NGOs to attempt the recovery and help of Katrina victims.
From the Paper
"Katrina victims can be loosely defined as any individual who suffered physical, financial and emotional harm from direct, storm related causes. Katrina victims range far and wide, although the majority of the focus are upon those in New Orleans, many victims also were evacuated from South Florida and Mississippi. The victims of Katrina receive strong attention on the national level for several reasons, one of the primary reasons being the disparity between racial dynamics in those victimized by the storm. The majority of victims appear to be poor minorities, especially those residing within inner city New Orleans. The racial disparity among Katrina victims was strongly noted by media commentators within the Superdome. "
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District Development, 2007.
A look at some of the challenges facing district development planners.
1,492 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how several challenges face district development planners today and how issues of democracy and decentralization have made district planning much more complicated and challenging than the case was in the past. It looks at how communities today expect their power and participation levels to be fully concomitant with their ideals of democracy and empowerment as provided by the Constitution. It also discusses how issues relating to the nature of each specific community need to be taken into account for optimal planning. The most important element of district planning is community participation. Only in involving as much as possible of the community, can effective ideas come forward in setting community goals and targeted achievement.
From the Paper
"J. Norman Reid for example emphasizes the need for community participation in his focus for effective development and planning. According to Mr. Reid, active community participation is beneficial in several respects. This aspect for example results in greater community empowerment. This in turn creates a better economy for that community in that a participating community tends to apply for an receive more funding than a non-participating one. Thirdly, citizen satisfaction within a participating community is greater, as the sense and evidence of accomplishment can be appreciated by all participating parties."
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FDR's New Deal, 2007.
This paper re-examines the influence of Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal, during the era of the Great Depression, on the past and present social and economic climate of the nation.
6,350 words (approx. 25.4 pages), 27 sources, APA, £ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that FDR's New Deal, which followed the onset of the disastrous Great Depression, represents the most significant expansion of the federal government's role and responsibility during the twentieth century. The author argues that these reforms, which are described in this paper, did not successfully end the period of Great Depression and only partly alleviated the suffering of Americans. The paper stresses that the legacy of the New Deal should be re-examined because this type of legislation and the creation of artificial federal government controls can stagnate the potential for real economic growth in a free market. The paper includes the extensive use of long quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
President's Reforms and Era of Depression
First and Second Series of Reforms
Consequences and Critical Evaluation
Economic Legacy of New Deal
From the Paper
"The centralization of government that was accomplished during this time has never been completely undone. The federal government's first systematic network for distribution of funds (Federal Reserve) to localities, with the inclusion of insurance of funds up to a certain amount (currently 100,000) was established during this time and still functions in much the same way as it has since its inception. Conservation efforts and federal administration of public policy also still remain a large part of the national picture."
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Democracy and Terrorism, 2007.
This paper discusses how terrorism affects democracy.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that what we understand by the term democracy today is largely influenced by such concepts as freedom of speech and assurance of complete security. The writer points out that as citizens of a democratic state, we take it for granted that our rights will be provided, that search and seizure will never be something to worry about and that we will be protected against harassment. However, the writer maintains that when certain threats to national security suddenly change the entirely scenario, one is forced to review the definition of democracy. The writer discusses that when government urges citizens to cooperate with the security measures being taken and thus compromises on rights to privacy, one has to consider the effects of terrorism on democratic principles and structures.
From the Paper
"Terrorism targets the political structure and ideologies of a country. The primary ends are usually political in nature and thus when acts of terrorism are carried out the impact is naturally felt at the state and government level. This tends to hurt the democratic system almost by default. When terrorism activities escalate, countries are forced to take extra security measures. For this purpose, they often compromise on civil liberties- unwarranted arrests are made, people and places are search without taking into consideration the constitutional rights of the citizens and often people are detained illegally. In some cases, telephonic conversation is recorded, emails are scrutinized and other communication is also monitored- all in the name of security. When civil rights are hurt, democracy loses its meaning and democratic principles are shattered and this happens due to fear generated by terrorism."
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Economy of Zimbabwe, 2007.
This paper discusses economic problems facing the country of Zimbabwe.
1,308 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that given its wide range of resources, it looks as if Zimbabwe should be able to support sustained economic growth, for it has a significant percentage of the world's known reserves of metallurgical-grade chromite, as well as mineral deposits that include coal, asbestos, copper, nickel, gold, platinum, and iron ore. Yet, the writer points out that this once prosperous nation now has an inflation that exceeds 1,000 percent, the majority of the population are unemployed and millions are starving, all of which makes Zimbabwe one of the world's more troubled countries. The writer concludes that with rich mineral assets, an educated workforce, and beautiful natural wonders, Zimbabwe seemed to have the best chance to be an African success story, however the land reform policies have devastated the country.
From the Paper
"Inflation is now so high that low-wage workers cannot afford to feed their families. For example, a unionized farm worker earns a minimum wage of $1.3 million Zimbabwean, or about $6 U.S. a month, which will buy a half a chicken and fries at a fast-food restaurant in Harare. Makumbe predicts that the population is being squeezed so dramatically by the collapse of the economy that there will soon be popular uprising against Mugabe. Most political analysts caution that even if Mugabe left power immediately, the recovery of Zimbabwe is going to be a long and difficult process because the very foundation of the economy has been destroyed. Moreover, it is now unclear who owns the farmland, which used to be Zimbabwe's most productive asset. This, together with the fact that the government has been frantically borrowing and printing money to pay its debts, a leading horary economist has noted that Zimbabwe's eventual reconstruction could take decades."
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Constitution, 2007.
This paper focuses on the 26th amendment of the US Constitution that provides for universal suffrage based on the age of 18.
1,023 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the seemingly foundational aspects of universal suffrage, based on age, race and gender is often something many people in the United States take for granted as something that if not an innate semblance of the original Constitution, at least one that was worked out as a matter of coarse rather quickly in the history of the nation. The writer notes that this is clearly not the case as all the suffrage amendments to the Constitution were hard fought and hard won by the different groups that helped make them permanent additions to the laws of this land. In this work the 26th amendment is discussed, as the amendment that provided for universal suffrage based on the age of 18 it is often one that is ignored in the history books and among the people of the US.
From the Paper
"This amendment was actually the fourth to the constitution that enlarged the voting pool, as the 15th amendment (1869) gave blacks the right to vote at least in a legal sense, the 19th (1920) gave the vote to women and the 23rd (1960) gave the right for District of Colombian citizens to vote for presidential candidates. It would seem strange that such a change took so long, as it was clear much earlier that legal issues of responsibility, such as the age of consent and other responsibility for actions issues were, on a state and federal level clearly leaning in the direction of 18 as the key age. Yet, prior to this time states independently determined the legal age to vote, as barring a constitutional statement to the contrary this was within the rights of the state."
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Lawlessness in New Orleans, 2007.
This paper assesses the government and law enforcement response to the Hurricane Katrina disaster.
2,066 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the complex and controversial disaster relief efforts following Hurricane Katrina. The paper reveals that the majority of problems related to the disaster occurred in its aftermath, as looting and ransacking of New Orleans ravaged the city. The paper explores how the effects of the lawlessness in the wake of Katrina changed the frame in which disaster relief and the government response is viewed.
From the Paper
"Hurricane Katrina was the most financially devastating and deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States. It was the sixth strongest hurricane within the Atlantic and the third strongest to ever record landfall within the United States. The hurricane displaced hundreds of thousands of resident stretching from Florida to Louisiana, with the majority of victims falling within New Orleans. Within the span of two weeks, more than 700 bodies were recovered. The nature of this natural disaster brought about one of the most complex and controversial disaster relief efforts in history."
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Poverty, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of poverty, concentrating on the 2007 Farm Bill policies.
2,368 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the past few years, international economic issues affecting world poverty, such as farm aid programs, have emerged as a growing concern among federal agencies, farmers and the common taxpayer alike. The writer points out that for the past seventy-five years, federal policy makers have taken an active role in agriculture and notes that every five to seven years, agricultural policies are evaluated and reauthorized through the federal Farm Bill. This paper analyzes the proposed 2007 Farm Bill policies from an economic standpoint related to issues involving poverty. It discusses both the arguments in favor and against the proposed public policy, and concludes with the writer's personal views and recommendations regarding the effectiveness of the Farm Bill.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Farm Bill Policies
Arguments in Support of the Farm Bill Policies
Arguments Against the Farm Bill Policies
Recommendations and Personal View
From the Paper
"As a result of the conflicts between poorer countries and the U.S. during failed WTO negotiations, federal agencies have analyzed the proposed changes to the 2007 Farm Bill policies. The proposed changes to the Farm Bill are predicted to be implemented late in 2007, by the WTO. Historically, the U.S. has been and continues to be, the largest food aid donor in the world. The Food Aid program was designed to remedy the problem of world poverty and hunger, as one of the public policies established in the Farm Bill. Although the Food Aid Program has helped address a number of hunger emergencies, the 2007 Farm Bill offers an opportunity to reform the much-needed Food Aid program to increase its effectiveness in addressing the public concern regarding global hunger."
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Recruitment, Selection, and Training of Police Officers, 2003.
A review of the necessary traits of a police officer, and the recruitment, selection and training process of the police force.
1,576 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the role of the police officer. The paper then reviews and discusses the recruitment and selection of potential police officers, and their training.
Outline:
Recruitment
Selection
Training
From the Paper
"Different commentaries and reactions were received regarding the proper training police officers should undertake. Training courses should be focused on on-the-job training, programs in human relations, and grounding for the social service purpose of police officers. Later reports focused on the biases and prejudices in the training process that may affect police-community relations. Police officers seemed to be oppressors people were afraid to come near to, regardless of them being criminals or civilians. James Fyfe who made a transcript on police practices stated that a better way to define the police is to understand that they are there to maintain order and not necessarily to look for criminals. He recommended this viewpoint should pass through police training programs. James Fype also said that the avoidance of discriminatory behavior at the early levels of police officer training would make a significant impact since when these officers are still at the initial stages, they are more receptive and eager to learn."
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