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Canadian Child Care Policy, 2008.
This paper analyzes the Canadian child care policy from a Marxist perspective.
3,520 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada does not provide child care allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized child care facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class Child Care'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."
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Local Mitigation Strategy for St. Lucie, 2008.
A strategy set up to ensure the least amount of distress to citizens in the wake of a "disaster".
1,147 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the local mitigation strategy set up in St. Lucie County 1998 after the devastation to the area from hurricanes Jeanne and Frances. The paper discusses the three entities that work together to address issues that adversely affect the citizens of the area and provide methods that ensure that the least amount of "impact" is realized following a "man-made or natural hazard". The author concludes that the communication plans for public policy programs follow one specific format in general, the creation of a central authority that oversees the program and that considers the needs of all stakeholders.
Outline:
Local Mitigation Strategy for St. Lucie County
Wage Labor Policy
Minority, Women, and Disadvantaged Business Enterprise
Head Start in Nevada
Evaluate the Roles of Elected and Appointed Officials
Evaluate How Competing Interests Were Balanced and Tradeoffs Made
Conclusion
From the Paper
"St. Lucie County developed a local mitigation strategy in 1998 after the devastation to the area from hurricanes Jeanne and Frances ("Local", n.d., para. 1). The local mitigation strategy is comprised of "three municipalities within the County, the local business community, and non-profit organizations" ("Local", n.d., para. 1). These entities work together to address issues that adversely affect the citizenry of the area and provide methods that ensure that the least amount of "impact" is realized following a "manmade or natural hazard" ("Local", n.d., para. 2).
"The local mitigation strategy calls for a steering committee that works to alleviate concerns that have previously been felt by the community in other situations. The committee develops a list of issues that have priority for the community and that are the first to receive federal funding, should a hazard occur. The communications between the three primary groups that oversee the needs of the community stakeholders are then addressed through the existence of the steering committee, which acts on their behalf in situations related to community concern."
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Aviation Security, 2007.
This paper uses content analysis to examine the issue of aviation security following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, using content analysis to test the hypothesis surrounding aviation security, two press releases from the Government Accountability Office website were examined for common terms and references to aviation security measures. The author points out that this methodology focused on how the communications referred to aviation security and how frequently mention was made of changes in specific responses to the September 11 attacks. The author relates that this analysis identified that aviation security was breached due to inherent flaws in the system. The paper states that content analysis revealed that the current decentralized system with different parties responsible for various elements of aviation security is not optimal. The author stresses that terrorism is seen as unethical and politically illegitimate because its political aim is to kill the innocent. The paper includes a table and a graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Scope of the Study and the Uses of Content Analysis
Weaknesses of the Aviation Security: Using Content Analysis to Identify Trends
Aviation Security Current Position and Challenges Ahead: Content Analysis as a Prediction Mechanism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) lax security measures, that had individuals who did not undergo background checks accessing and breaching the security of the air traffic control computer systems. Dillingham also identified that the FAA did not assess and accredit the air traffic control computer systems, perform the appropriate risk assessments to ensure that the computer system that was central to the aviation system was protected, nor did the FAA establish and implement any comprehensive security program."
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Homosexuals in the Military, 2008.
This paper discusses homosexuals in the military and looks at the United States Constitution as it relates to this issue.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer eplains that "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) is a military policy where gay, lesbian and bisexual members are required to keep their sexual orientation private and not engage in any sexual activities or conduct that would purport a homosexual lifestyle. This paper analyzes how this policy has failed to integrate homosexuals in the armed forces and has instead exacerbated the issues surrounding the gay ban in the US armed forces. The writer maintains that the DADT, irrespective of whether it had good intentions, has failed. The writer concludes that there is a need for changes in the United States Constitution if gays, lesbians, bisexuals, or transgender are to be integrated in the armed forces, since Congress has the power to deny individuals these rights.
Outline:
Introduction
A Brief History: Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue, Don't Harass
The Failure of the DADT Policy
From the Paper
"The United States is considered one of the most economically advanced countries in the free world; however, they are lagging when it comes to changing policies that stand to benefit the overall economy. As stated by Belkin, increasing amounts of countries are allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the armed forces. Belkin shows that Australia, Canada, Israel, and Britain reversed its gay ban and have transitioned into countries that now have service members that are integrated into the armed forces, irrespective of sexual orientation. Unlike popular anti-gay individuals speculated there was no mass upheavals or unstable periods, when the gay ban was reversed, in fact many homosexuals still preferred not to share the fact that they were gay. With the DADT policy in place, it is unlikely that the United States will ever come close to the removal of gay bans in the armed forces as these countries have."
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Public Choice Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of public choice theory and urban governance.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explores public choice theory and the argument that public choice theory provides a thoughtful assessment of what needs to be done if urban governments are to become efficacious and expeditious providers of services to their citizens. The paper briefly outlines the general argument presented by advocates of local government and then provides some of the compelling arguments raised by those who feel public choice theory does not offer a stalwart solution to the problems of local governance. In the end, the writer maintains that while it sounds superficially appealing, public choice theory does not have a lot of empirical data to support many of its key claims.
From the Paper
"Additionally, public choice theorists argue that municipal governments, because they are monopoly providers, are inefficient insofar as they have little incentive to lower their prices or be innovative. Public choice theorists thus argue that there needs to be a separation between the demand articulation role of government (the collective process whereby it is ascertained how and how much of something will be set aside for public use) and the supplier role of government. Simply put, when governments have to buy services for something, they tend to be exacting in determining the value given for the monies received. All in all, the public choice theorist cleaves to the view that local governance needs to be run as a business - and that government often falls short in its obligations to the general public because it does not separate the provider role and the production role involved in the delivery of a good or service, thereby creating costly inefficiency and waste."
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Community Policing, 2007.
This paper discuses community policing, which is a program that link the police to the neighborhood citizens in an effort to solve the problems of the area.
3,425 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that community policing has been successful in reducing crime and in improving the relationship between the police and the public. The author points out that bringing the community and the police together changes the traditional image of the police as an occupying force. The paper relates that community policing necessitates a number of organizational changes such as recruitment and education. The author states that this approach calls attention to the degree to which the police are dependent on the public for support, information and cooperation. The paper explains that one way for the police to learn more about the neighborhood is to be residents themselves; therefore, requiring officers to live in the community enhances the community policing effort and adds to the comfort level on both sides.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Effectiveness and Organizational Change
Involvement by Community Policing Institutes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Relations between the police and the black community have long been tense. In some regions, the police are viewed as an occupying army present not to protect the people but to control them and to keep them in their place. Numerous civil disturbances in recent decades can be traced to tensions between the police and the black community, from the riots of the summer of 1965 to the riot in Los Angeles after the first Rodney King verdict, from the problems in Crown Heights in New York to any number of disputed police shooting incidents in cities across the country."
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Police Policies, 2008.
An overview of various issues concerning different police policies in question and answer form.
2,697 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses a series of five questions proposed that range from police policies on domestic violence to police corruption. The first question concerns domestic violence and the police of mandatory arrest of the accused abuser. A weighing of the benefits and detriments of such a policy are explored. The second question concerns the role of law enforcement in the war on terror. The modern approaches of policing and how they conform to terror prevention are explored. The third question explores the theories of police corruption. Actions are proposed as to how to run a police department devoid of corruption. The forth question concerns the Miami-Dade Employee Identification System and its aim of preventing police abuse. The successes and failures of the system are discussed. The final question concerns the introduction of technology into the modern police department. The pros and cons of such technologies are also explored.
From the Paper
"The policy of community based policing, where the police department reaches out to the local community through increased personal relationships with its members has been a gaining popularity over the past 20 years. (Henderson, Miller, Ortiz, Sugie p.1) Community policing has been proven effective to increase public safety through the strengthened ties between the community and the police department. It is intuitive that the more familiar an officer is with the community that they police, the more likely it is that the community will cooperate with the officer in police matters, and the less likely a misunderstanding will occur. "
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Overcrowding in the ER, 2008.
This paper discusses that overcrowding in the ER causes a negative impact on health care delivery.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that emergency room overcrowding comprises one of the most crucial issues confronting hospitals all over North America. This problem is so serious that it has attained crisis proportions. The writer maintains that the stress created for patients, ER staff, and the hospital amounts to a vicious circle that has no solution. The writer points out that the scope of the impact of overcrowding in the emergency department becomes clear when it is realized that the emergency department is the only publicly mandated, guaranteed access to healthcare provided for 44 million persons in the United States who lack health insurance. The writer maintains that emergency room overcrowding jeopardizes the quality of patient care and places patients at high risk of treatment delays or inadequate care. The writer concludes that the issue can only be partially and inadequately addressed in the ER itself as the problem is systemic and extends over the entire health care organization, its funding and the way that resources have been distributed.
From the Paper
"Emergency department overcrowding which is combined with heavy emergency resource demand has led to a variety of problems, including ambulance refusals, prolonged patient waiting times, and rushed and unpleasant treatment environments. The most serious outcome involves potentially poor patient outcomes. Inordinate stress on institutional resources and ER overcrowding can jeopardize the hospital's ability to respond to community emergencies and disasters. In addition, physicians and other health care providers often find it difficult to maintain their work effectiveness under such strained conditions. Scarce resource and overcrowding tend to reduce professional effectiveness and job satisfaction among ER staff. Overcrowding increases the likelihood of medical errors as well as possibility of patients leaving prior to receiving essential treatment. At the same time, overcrowded conditions and scarcity of resources are not uniform across all emergency departments because varying sets of limiting factors are at work."
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Community Notification Laws, 2008.
This paper looks at the use of community notification laws.
861 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that keeping children safe from sexual predators today includes the use of community notification laws to inform the public when sex offenders move into a neighborhood or region. The writer points out that these laws may include direct notification of people in a neighborhood or more general notification by posting names and addresses on a website accessible by all. The writer argues that such laws can help reduce the incidence of sexual abuse of children by putting parents on notice so they can take greater care, though such an approach is not a panacea and will not completely eliminate the threat, only reduce it. The writer concludes that community notification creates an opportunity for parents to become more informed and to exercise greater caution regarding the safety of their children.
Outline:
Introduction
The Argument
The Approach
Another Provision
Problem of Notification
Efficacy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This sort of response has been extended to other violent felons as well, with more and more communities fighting the placement of parolees in their area and seeking laws involving everything from notification to the right to refuse entry to a released offender to enhanced incarceration beyond the original sentence. Local groups across the country are trying to block former convicts from settling in their communities and are pressing their state assemblies for tougher detention laws and parole conditions. As a result, more and more states are enacting laws that put the interests of the community before the rights of ex prisoners. The most vociferous demands are for notification laws to alert citizens when a sex offender is about to be released into their community. At this time, many states require that local police be notified when a release is imminent, and now the New Jersey law calls for authorities to notify community members as well. In the U.S. Congress, members approved a provision which requires certain offenders to check in with police every 90 days for the rest of their lives. The New Jersey proposal only requires police to notify neighbors, schools, churches, youth groups and the media within 45 days of an ex offender's moving into a neighborhood."
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Aboriginal Self-Government, 2008.
This paper explores aboriginal self-government and the implications for public administration in Canada.
3,217 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, £ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of aboriginal government in Canada and how attitudes expressed in the laws of the land kept aboriginals from exercising their full rights. The paper discusses how the federal government and the Department of Indian Affairs gradually came to realize that changes were in order and examines what key administrative adaptations have been made as a result. The paper discusses what the future portends and concludes that public administration in Canada appears to be growing more fragmented. The paper includes a detailed outline of the essay.
From the Paper
"The historical foundations of aboriginal self-government in Canada traces back many generations - far longer than most people commonly suppose. In the Royal Proclamation of 1763, King George III stated that Indian tribes were to be dealt with on a "nation to nation" basis and that land purchased from them was to be done through treaties that were akin to those treaties signed by nation-states. Going further, the Proclamation "tacitly acknowledged aboriginal land title" and hinted at proper "procedures of surrender" that were subsequently incorporated into later incarnations of the treaty system (Cote, 15+; Titley, 2). According to Charlotte Cote, the Indian tribes of eighteenth and (presumably) nineteenth century Canada (then also known as British North America) conceived of sovereignty as being something that included self-government, "autonomous" institutions, and a "territorial land and resource base" sufficiently large and generous to allow them to maintain their traditional culture; it is further added by Cote that the tribes who signed the earliest treaties with the British perceived these agreements to be a formal recognition on the part of the White Man that the tribes had exclusive authority over their territories and that native communities were unique political entities readily distinguishable from the larger political structure of the Canadian nation (15+)."
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Hurricane Katrina, 2008.
An examination of the way the American government tried to manage hurricane Katrina.
2,462 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the steps taken by the government of New Orleans and President Bush to try and manage hurricane Katerina. It explains how people evacuated the city and how some were unable to leave. The writer criticizes President Bush for not acting sooner and points out that by many accounts, many average Americans understood more of the disaster in New Orleans that the President did. The writer discusses how in the electoral debates of 2000, Mr. Bush had said natural disasters are a "time to test your mettle", but Bush failed with Katrina as he seemed overwhelmed with the problem and confused and defensive about what to do. The writer points out that confronted with the crisis in New Orleans, Mr. Bush was unable to summon either clear thinking or firm governance. The writer concludes by asking how a system that is meant to protect its people failed so badly.
From the Paper
"On Sunday, August 28, New Orleans Ray Nagin asked residents to evacuate the city. (Newsweek 2005a p. 46b) Nagin had actually delayed the evacuation notice, giving up on valuable time to mobilize resources, because any evacuation would disrupt a tourism based economy. If Nagin evacuated unnecessarily, he would cost the city millions of dollars per day in lost revenue. (Time, 2005a; Newsweek, 2005a) Even as he called for evacuation, Nagin acted tentatively, apparently unsure at the outset that he could make the evacuation mandatory. Later he was advised that he did have authority to order a mandatory evacuation."
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The Public Library in a Community, 2008.
A discussion of the role and benefits of a public library to a community's economic development.
906 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economic development of communities. It specifically looks at the role and value of public libraries in a community and discusses how they have long been recognized as engendering development and fostering educational initiatives. It then discusses the benefits of specific services that a public library can offer to a community. The paper contains an annotated reading list and a model graphic plan for the library development project.
Table of Contents:
Model Plan Graphic
Primary Issues
Specific Aspects
From the Paper
"While small rural communities can't commit the type of resources to such programs as cities such as San Diego in the U.S. which regularly commit millions of dollars ("San", 2005, p.19), they can build the funding for such services into cooperative funding programs with other initiatives such as establishing chambers of commerce and community action groups. In fact, often the funds exist for such programs but require more effective finance, budgeting strategies and management to make better use of the funds that do exist. McKay (2003, p.15) states that the first objective that community development planners should make is defining what the public library initiative should encompass in regards to fostering economic activity."
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Alcoholism and Police Officers, 2008.
This paper reviews the issue of alcoholism among police officers.
1,628 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the correlation between occupational stress and alcoholism. The writer discusses what police departments can do to mitigate the spread of alcoholism among its officers. The writer also looks at how alcoholism among police officers impacts local communities and tears at the fabric of police families. The paper then suggests what educational and diversionary approaches should be put in place in order to thwart alcoholism from becoming an insuperable problem that can ruin lives and drive a wedge between police/community relations.
From the Paper
"Another thing that Nordlicht's study reveals is just how toxic can be the unreasonable and unhealthy expectations foisted upon police officers by an authoritarian command structure that demands unblinking obedience, a "stiff" facade, and emotional distance in almost all circumstances. Clearly, police administrators who fear that their officers are succumbing to alcoholism need to look closely at how they expect officers to act with one another and with the general public; in other words, if police officers are expected by their superiors to be severe, emotionally withdrawn, fairly unapproachable, and relatively uncommunicative with the public and with each other, then emotional problems can begin to well up as the stresses of the job - stresses which demand that officers confide in someone - start to exact their toll. Consequently, police officials should make every effort to create a collegial atmosphere wherein communication is valued; at the same time, they should also institute community policing programs (if they have not done so already) that bring police officers more nearly into contact with community members. By doing this, by establishing a cooperative relationship with the local neighborhood or precinct, police officers can break down whatever barriers may exist between themselves and the public and make their days a little less stressful simply because they have personal relationships in place now that make their jobs just a little bit easier. Without question, steps such as these will lessen the stresses which can make turning to drink an attractive option."
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Philanthropic and Business Values, 2008.
This paper explores business and philanthropic values as it pertains to the homeless in Calgary.
1,546 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper outlines the notable characteristics of philanthropic and business values by looking at two articles. The paper presents an interview conducted with three individuals representing the government, the philanthropic community and the business sector. The paper outlines the barriers, opportunities, risks and rewards these individuals feel people should be aware of as they attempt to make multi-sector collaborations work. The paper illustrates the challenges the city of Calgary faces as it comes to terms with its growing homeless problem.
From the Paper
"In her extensive investigation of philanthropic and business values and how the two often diverge (and occasionally, perhaps unwittingly, converge), Marion Peters Angelica (2002a) writes that philanthropy is based upon the religious ideal - found in all the great religions of the world - that it is better to give than to receive and that the most noble work is that work dedicated to the betterment of the larger community and to the amelioration of the plight of the vulnerable/infirm. Within the American context, Peters (2002a) points out that there is a long tradition of involuntary associations springing up which have made it their fundamental objective to serve the needs of the downtrodden; to wit, over time philanthropic corporations (most notably hospitals, but also educational institutions) emerged in America and their rise to prominence was joined by the advent of philanthropic foundations devoted to distributing the great wealth of prominent American families and individuals."
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