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Crime Environment, 2007.
This paper discusses the role of environment in crime research.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that crime and the physical environment, as criminologists and researchers state, are two closely related concepts. The writer then notes that the exact nature of the relationship between crime and the environment has, however, come under much debate. The writer discusses that, though studies reveal a multitude of conflicting findings, it appears that the correlation between crime and the environment is determined by interactive and complex factors, involving much variation at the level of spatial and temporal determination. The writer maintains that crime and environment are interwoven in a complex tapestry of factors interpreted by the criminal, such as nodes, paths, edges, and the environmental backcloth of the situation - of which the criminal himself is an integral part.
Outline:
Introduction
Crime & The Environment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The researchers believe that crime should be investigated as a broad range of behaviour which comes from individual incentives. The environment works primarily in that it makes the offender feel comfortable about committing the crime. An individual may feel that an environment is suitable for crime based on physical factors such as the type of neighbourhood, the crime site's exact location, the crime's surrounding street layout and other factors that are social, psychological and physical. These latter factors include the location's sense of territoriality, the socioeconomic status of the criminal and crime area inhabitants, the readiness of the criminal, triggers, the criminal's routine behaviour and familiarity with a crime area, awareness and activity space, opportunity, layout of the city and streets, potential suitable targets, surveillability of the crime area, the building construction within crime areas and edges and nodes defining the crime area."
"People have been long aware of the effect the environment has upon criminal behaviour. In fact, historically crime was viewed as very environment-based and solutions to crime were based on environmental changes."
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Breast Cancer Support Group, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of a self-help breast cancer support group.
1,109 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the format and perceived effectiveness of a self-help group using Irvin Yalom's eleven curative factors of group therapy model. The analysis of the group is based on this model and the incorporation of knowledge gathered from literature on breast cancer education and the integration of education into the support group by the moderator, guest speaker, and group participants. The writer concludes that it will be intriguing to see if this was a building session that will contribute to the discussion next session, therefore broadening the scope of the discussion through information and education. As it stands, the writer maintains that the analysis of the group based on this one session indicates a failure to achieve its stated goals.
Outline:
Introduction
Yalom's Eleven Curative Factors of Group Therapy
Assessment of the Breast Cancer Support Group
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The current group did not successfully integrate any or all of the curative factors necessary for facilitating appropriate therapeutic process. The tone of the session did not evoke community or unity towards mutual therapy, but instead resembled a conventional question-and-answer session in a classroom setting. The moderator had asked a speaker from the local county's mental health service department to address the group on depression and illness. The effectiveness of this session shall be assessed through reviewing the meeting using Yalom's eleven curative factors."
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Birth Order and Personality, 2007.
This paper explores the idea of personality development being affected by the order of a child's birth.
1,254 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper researches the theory of birth order and personality development and shows how the theory of birth order can only be positively identified with poor families because of financial insecurities that occur with a greater number of children. The paper relates that one specific element cannot alone create the personality of a child; environment, birth order, society, the family ideals and economic factors all affect a person. The paper concludes that, while the concept of birth order in regard to personality development can be applied to some children, it is not a universal standard that explains the complete personality of all people.
From the Paper
"The idea of personality development being affected by the order that a child is born into the family has been debated for decades. Some researchers suggest that when there is more than one child in the home the children will take on certain personality characteristics simply because of when they were born in relation to other children. Yet, other researchers suggest that the concept of birth order and personality development cannot be proven, or is only evident in poor families. Furthermore, within the debate is the insistence that what many researchers focus upon as birth order affecting children's personalities is actually environmental factors that have not been considered. Because the debate surrounding this issue is so vast, it is apparent that no one common factor can measure the personality development of a child because each child is subjected to his or her own world, which is filled with elements impacting personality."
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Biblical Counseling, 2007.
An analysis and evaluation of biblical counseling integration methods within the scope of modern psychology.
2,905 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the various facets of biblical counseling in relation to the modern integration of psychology within a religious construct. The paper points out that, in many cases, there is evidence that the Bible provides moral and ethical foundations that can work with the various aspects of psychological counseling methods. It looks at how, by analyzing some of the biblical counseling terms found within this field, one can provide the psychological aspects of non-religious counseling that correlate with these Bible's analogies and moral lessons. In essence, the paper demonstrates how biblical counseling can work in tandem with modern psychological theories, since they work within the moral and ethical integration of societal values in modern times.
From the Paper
"The Biblical counseling term "Frovnhma" is a central aspect to Biblical counseling theory, especially though the innovations for religious counseling brought forth by Lawrence Crabb. Although Crabb does not portray a uniquely differential perspective for theologically based counseling, he invariably has designed in accordance with Freud's ideas about the unconscious. For Crabb, the Frovnhma is essentially the mind in relation to how God perceives the human will or way of thought. In many ways, there is a decidedly similar aspect of Crabb's theory that correlates with Sigmund Freud's theory of the "unconscious"--a term used for the deeper part of the mind that absorbs all thoughts and experiences."
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Biomedical and Biopsychosocial Models, 2007.
A comparative analysis of the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of illness.
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the biomedical model is defined as a conceptual model of illness based exclusively upon biologic factors. When diagnosing and treating a person's medical illness or disorder in accordance with the biomedical model, psychological and social factors are unfortunately excluded from consideration. The paper then discusses, how in contrast to the biomedical model, the biopsychosocial model is more all-encompassing because it is based upon a holistic view of health and attaches priority to the psychosocial context of an illness when interpreting and diagnosing mental conditions.
From the Paper
" These two models can be compared and contrasted in a number of ways, but one of the most illustrative ways is to demonstrate how each model would be applied to a case in which a patient is complaining of chest pain. In a biomedical model approach, the physician would focus on physical causes of disease, examine the patient's recent diet, pain history, family and history of heart disease, and look for empirical signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction. In addition, objective lab tests would be done and vital signs such as temperature, pulse, and blood pressure would be checked. Based upon these procedures and results, the physician would prescribe treatment based solely on biological etiology and pathogenesis."
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Dissociative Identity Disorder, 2007.
This paper studies the validity of dissociative identity disorder (DID).
1,797 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the studies done on early childhood trauma, amnesia and the multiple ego theories that prove the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID) empirically exists. The paper shows how DID is a valid disorder that needs more evaluation and clinical trials, but notes that there is a great deal of evidence already present that is significant for a diagnostic procedure for psychologists.
From the Paper
"The first criterion for relating a diagnosis for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is to define how the ego--not the personality--is the new phenomenon in psychological discourse on the subject. In recent years psychologists and researchers have moved away from defining DID as a personality related split within the psyche of the patient. This trend in research and definitive phenomenon for Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) has been negated by the introduction of the "ego states" as the foundation for new diagnostics perspectives in DID."
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Phobic Disorders, 2007.
This paper discusses HIV/AIDS within the context of specific phobic disorders.
1,218 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that phobic disorders are psychiatric disorders that involve intense, unreasonable fear of a particular stimulus and its avoidance. The paper examines HIV-specific phobias and their clinical evaluation as well as their treatment and prognosis.
Outline:
Etiology
Clinical Evaluation
Treatment and Prognosis
Summary
From the Paper
"Most lay people interchange fear of specific objects or situations with phobias. From a psychiatric perspective, a phobia, irrespective of cause or type, is centered on a specific object or situation that triggers an irrational, intense fear and feeling of anxiety. Phobias depart from the experience of fear in that they severely handicap the individual by causing severe distress and inability to function in a number of domains such as the workplace, school or at home either because of the emotions felt or irrational actions taken to avoid the object or situation. Fear reactions, no matter how intense or distressful, are transitory compared to the longer duration of phobias and often do not involve frequent disruption of daily living activities through avoidance behaviors. Phobias, in addition, can worsen if the individual develops a "phobia of the phobia," where he dreads the experience of anxiety and distress brought about by the original phobia."
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Police Case Study: The Easy-Money Department, 2007.
This paper discuses problems of leadership, communication and motivation in the police case study of the Easy-Money Department.
2,305 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the lack of effective leadership, the absence of horizontal communication and the critical component of expectancy
motivation were the critical factors in the deviant organizational behavior that resulted in the degree of employee de-motivation depicted in the case of the Easy-Money department. The author points out that the failure of the division commander, who was the sole administrator of police services for that section, is evident in his inability to restructure his force and his unwillingness to accept the blame for what happened. The paper relates that expectancy theory of motivation holds that the consequential relationship between effort, performance, reward, expectancy, instrumentality and the value of a reward are all essential components of motivation, which are conspicuously absent in this case.
From the Paper
"The blunt fact is, however, that for whatever reasons, the Chief did
not demonstrate the two crucial behaviors of leadership: "consideration", ("concern for others") and "initiating structure" or in
this case, restructure. The result was that the personnel who comprised his force found themselves on a rudderless ship without anywhere to turn because the officer task force he formed to present "some"(!) of their concerns to the Divisional management was a pathetic effort and not really taken seriously by management, who did not allow them to remain throughout the Divisional meetings."
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The Halo Effect, 2007.
An analysis of the halo effect and its significance in organizational behavior.
1,008 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the halo effect has several meanings within the study of organizational behavior. It looks at how individuals can be assessed according to a cognitive bias so that a person good at function X is assumed to be able to carry out function Y, and attractive people can seem far more competent than many are, given the human tendency to assess others in terms of attributes.
From the Paper
"Long ago, when E.L. Thorndike asked military officers to rate their men he found that there was high cross-correlation between those individuals said to be intelligent, able, of good character and capable of leading others. (1920) In human resources recruitment, unless a professional is alert to the Halo Effect, he or she may be so impressed by one or a few traits of a candidate that perhaps very significant defects are minimized or ignored. One sees that the Halo Effect has to do with success breeding success in some people. An area of research taken up almost 100 years ago has again become popular. The study of organizational behaviour still needs to keep in mind the human tendency towards cognitive dissonance in wishing to discard opinion or information that does not match with a positive impression. "
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The Psychology of Sigmund Freud, 2007.
This paper explores Sigmund Freud's theory of psychoanalysis.
1,306 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the works of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. The paper looks at his ideas about the mind's structure, the eros and thanatos instincts of the mind and his focus on childhood. The paper discusses how each of these factors associated with Freud's psychotherapy worked to influence his construction of personality. The paper shows how Freud has had a significant impact on the psychological field with his development of psychoanalysis.
From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis. Within psychoanalysis the core belief was that each individual behaved in ways that were specifically grounded in unconscious thought. Unconscious thought was considered by Freud to be the cause of many behavioral issues because it controlled the cognitive processing of the individual without the individual's knowledge. Freud believed that the unconscious mind was where each individual held secrets to his or her life that had to be explored. This exploration became psychoanalysis."
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Pre-adolescent Academic Development, 2007.
An analysis of the influence of parental educational attainment on pre-adolescent academic performance and development.
1,369 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of parents' educational attainment on pre-adolescent academic performance and development. It analyzes how a parent can be the primary factor that determines whether their child develops certain behaviors which are often a mix of both expected and desirable, and unexpected and undesirable. The paper also discusses the effects of parental demographic factors, occupation and financial status on a child's academic performance.
Table of Contents:
Review of Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Pre-adolescents are at a crossroads of biological and psychosocial change. One of the specific "barometers" of this change is academic performance as determined by parental educational attainment. Parental educational attainment, as a component of socioeconomic status, although independently demonstrated to have profound effects on a child's cognitive development and academic performance can be difficult to isolate from the effects of other components such as parental demographic factors, occupation and financial status. In spite of this, not only does a higher educational attainment of parents influence academic performance both directly and indirectly regardless of income, but is also directly influenced by learning opportunities available to the child from birth."
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Adler Personality Theory, 2007.
A case study that examines Adlerian psychology and counseling.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Alfred Adler's theory of personality which is based on the need to strive for power and superiority and addresses lifestyles. The paper presents a case study and shows the relevance and application of Adler's theories. The paper describes the antisocial behavior and suppressed aggression in the case and discusses Adlerian treatment, which seeks to return the client to normative behavior in the community. The paper relates that Adlerian behavioral and marriage therapy would be recommended for this client.
Outline:
Alfred Adler's Theory: A Summary
Presenting Problem
Case Formulation
Treatment Recommendations
From the Paper
"Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian. He was also a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, along with Freud and others. Like Freud, Adler had a theory of personality. Unlike Freud, however, who based his theory on sexual needs and development, Adler based his theory of "individual psychology" on the need to strive for power and superiority. Adler's theory focused largely on the social interest and social interactions."
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Christian Theology and Psychology, 2007.
This paper is a personal critique of the integrated and the un-Christian models of psychology and Christian counseling.
2,415 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the author's experience as a pastoral counselor, the integrated model is the closest to his personal view; whereas, the un-Christian model is the farthest from his perspective. The author points out that the un-Christian model contends that, while biblical concepts may be of some use in therapeutic practice, they should not be allowed to interfere in the basic course of this practice; while, the integrated model sees the role of the pastoral counselor as being one of integrating psychology and the Bible in a harmonious fashion. The paper relates that the strength and effectiveness of the integrated position lies in its recognition of how psychology and theology are not antithetical but, in fact, represent elements of a unified truth. The paper includes quotations.
From the Paper
"In practical terms in regard to my work as a Christian counselor, I would liken my pastoral role - under this integrated approach - as being akin to that of a "general practitioner" in medicine. While general practitioners are qualified to diagnose many medical conditions, there are often situations in which there is something that they may feel goes beyond their own knowledge base or skill set. In these cases, they refer their patient to a specialist. It is worth noting that in making this referral, the general practitioner is not indicating that her or his own knowledge is flawed or that there is some radical epistemological difference between the knowledge base of the specialist and her or his own."
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Vipassana Meditation in Canadian Prisons, 2007.
This paper explores providing a Vipassana meditation course to a provincial prison in Canada.
2,362 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 13 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Vipassana technique pioneered in Indian prisons and penitentiaries that is a low-cost method of contending with addictions, mental illness and the characteristic apathy of timeservers. The paper examines Vipassana projects in the United States, New Zealand and elsewhere involving different kinds of Western prisoners. The paper determines that it would be easier to sell, rather than donate, services to a Canadian provincial prison.
Outline:
Introduction
Selecting an Institution
Learning a Skill
Vipassana Specialists in Addictions
Variables
Closing Gaps in Practice and Planning
More Points to 'Sell' a Win-Win Project
Western Experiments in Vipassana
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper
"A provincial prison to decide in favour of Vipassana program could offer a very good venue for an experiment especially if a facility not always noted for ideal management or inmate contentedness. With Ministry approval, and having brought onside the Meditation Society as is now active in three Canadian provinces, a likely logistical step is to contact the local prison chaplaincy service as a non-governmental area perhaps more familiar with how to stage a short-course in-reach program for a number of inmates to be advised by the Ministry and prison superintendent. Vipassana meditation was first attempted with great success in a Delhi prison once said to typify the worst of Indian prison cultures. (See Mazumdar: 1981)"
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