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Chinese Growth and Democracy, 2008.
An in-depth evaluation of the social and political price of current economic policies in China.
2,307 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper examines evidence of repression in China, even in face of its capitalist growth. The paper disproves the belief that capitalist development will automatically create the circumstances that are conducive to democracy. The paper discusses the ideas of Maurice Meisner who equates the People's Republic of China's actions with Stalinism and asserts that the government, using industrial and finance capitalism as the goals, employs Stalinist ruthlessness to groups that it opposes or excludes.
Outline:
Introduction
Signs of Discontent
Indications of Repression
What is Presented, Officially
Stalinism Revisited
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Maurice Meisner's late 1990s assessment of Chinese economic planning and its social effects convey how one should not be distracted by modest political reforms as promising any great liberalization within a People's Republic of China (PRC) regime that remains fundamentally Stalinist. (1999 538) Elsewhere, Meisner referred to a "fearful social price" that is being paid, and will be paid into the future, for high-growth rate capitalist development from which perhaps two-thirds of an immense and deprived population gain, millions of others left behind. (p.532) If one enjoys studying the longer history of China, political liberalization does not seem a likely result of what the PRC is facing now, or in the coming years."
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Government Regulation of Business, 2008.
This paper argues positions for and against government regulation of business.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that government regulation of commerce in the United States traces back to the first draft of the Constitution, which gives the federal government power to regulate interstate commerce. The author points out that the power of regulations of businesses allows the federal government to act on behalf of the public and provide protections for individuals who cannot manage on their own without collective support. The paper stresses that, far from being evil and ineffective, appropriate government regulations can have many positive effects such as reducing corporate excess and increasing accountability in the business world. The author underscores that, unfortunately, the presence of a regulatory agency or legislation is no guarantee of the successful achievement of that goal. The paper also argues that any regulation leveled at the business community is ultimately borne by the consumers who patronize those businesses and negatively impact innovation in products by raising costs for businesses.
Table of Contents:
Consumers and Businesses Benefit from Government Regulation
Government Regulation Harms Businesses
From the Paper
"The reality is that the government is, by and large, an obstacle to increased prosperity and economic growth in industrialized nations. The traditional view of regulations is that it is the primary weapon or tool that the government has in its efforts to rein in the excesses of the business community. This attitude posits that business and commerce is somehow opposed to the interests of the public and that the government can act as a kind of "white knight" to protect the public and champion their interests in the face of corporations and businesses intent only on improving their bottom line and increasing profits."
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The Economic Growth of India, 2008.
This paper analyzes the economic growth of India since 1990.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 16.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, beginning in the early 1990s, India began to redirect its political and economic apparatus towards a more free-market orientation, which has resulted in a cycle of remarkable growth and expansion. The author points out that, beginning in 1991, political leaders ended the traditional License Raj economic model, which resulted in monopolistic behavior and stifled foreign direct investment. The paper relates that some of India's economic expansion has been attributed to its insistence on expanding public expenditures within the market. The author points out that India deems all public expenditure to be development related and views this type of investment as a requirement rather than a socially driven discretionary investment. The paper reports that a value added tax (VAT), other tax code adjustments and a fully convertible currency were introduced.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Initial Reforms
Market Liberalization
Current Economic Status
From the Paper
"The country's revenue expenditures have increased across some spending segments by as much as 400% between 1990 and 2004 and this spending has continued to fuel economic growth. These large spending and investment packages are achievable because of the market reforms made during 1991. While much of India's population that exceeds 1b individuals is classified as impoverished, it still represents one of the largest tax bases in the world after China. Such a large potential tax base was going relatively untouched until 1991 when the tax codes and collection apparatus procedures were also reformed."
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Foreign Aid, 2008.
This paper discusses economic development and foreign direct investment.
1,663 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
In this document the writer discusses globalization and looks at its impact on poverty and economic development across emerging markets. The role of the World Trade Organization (WTO) within this dynamic is also examined as well as how the WTO and the global economy interact to encourage or develop greater levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to spur economic development.
Outline:
Abstract
Overview
The World Trade Organization's Role in FDI
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, it can be seen that the discussion of poverty and its alleviation, especially reference to Mexico, or indeed any other emerging market, is really a discussion of how these economic structures are re-characterized in respect to the global economy. The intent is to assist these markets with their internal economic structures, without compromising national integrity, so as to result in a more universal elevation of quality of life standards across the spectrum of their societies.
"While many authors tend to immediately jump to the issue of poverty when discussing globalization and its impact, others are quick to note that globalization can be effective at alleviating poverty. Fenstra and Hanson pointed out that the outsourcing explosion brought about by NAFTA between the U.S., Mexico and Canada, resulted in positive economic growth in Mexico's border areas where foreign factories invested in factories to handle their inputs in the production of goods almost completely destined for export."
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Helping the People in the Darfur Region of Sudan, 2008.
An examination of the assistance and hope that the Christian Mission can give to the people in the Darfur region of Sudan.
2,398 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the need to take the news to the people of the Darfur Region in Sudan that they will be saved. The paper is written from the point of view of the Christian Mission and what it believes God means for the people in that region. It looks at the history of the conflict in the area and how the Christian Mission can help to bring aid and peace to the area.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: Background to the Crisis in the Darfur Region of the Sudan, in Africa
Historical Background to the Conflict in Darfur
Lack of International Response Creates Gap for Christian Response and Mission Work
U.N. and Other Actions to Date:
Aid to the Area
Helping to Bring Peace - the Role of the Christian Mission over the Next Five Years
Developing Partnerships to Ensure the Upliftment of the Oppressed People Groups in the Darfur Region
The People who will be Saved - "Make known among the nations what He has done" (Isaiah 12:4)
Long term Vision: What Would it be Like if Everything God Desires for the People of Darfur were to Blossom in the Next Twenty-Five Years?
From the Paper
"The Christian Mission should develop many partnerships, to ensure that it can be truly effective in the long term in this area. Suggested partners would be the UN World Food Program, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Doctors Without Borders, the U.S. Agency for International Development, Amnesty International, the International Crisis Group, and the World Health Organization. The Christian Mission can in fact learn from these partners, as many of them are already well aware of the extreme health and other problems in the area that need to be addressed. In addition, the Christian Mission should be aware of a rapidly growing movement advocating for humanitarian intervention in several countries. People and organizations that are part of this movement can be approached as sources of funding to help the Christian Mission achieve its goals in this region."
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Maoist-Leninism and Capitalism in China, 2008.
An analysis of the fundamental threat that is posed to the continuing stable development of China from the convergence of Maoist-Leninism and capitalism in contemporary China.
1,853 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the convergence of Maoist-Leninism and capitalism in contemporary China. It focuses on "ideology" as an element of change in China today in order to highlight the nature of the challenge facing a country. The paper looks at China's surging economy and geriatric political structure that is supported by a decayed ideology and suggests that there is a fundamental threat that is posed to the continuing stable development of China from these contradictory ideologies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Problem Facing China
What is "Ideology"?
The Connection Between Capitalism and Democracy
An Unstable Marriage: Capitalism and Communism
An Uncertain Future
From the Paper
"From this perspective, we can understand the fundamental threat that is posed to the continuing stable development of China from these contradictory ideologies. Capitalism seems to necessarily stimulate independent political thinking, which is highly repellant to the Communist Party which sought independent thinking only in terms of market management and technological innovation. The Communist Party thus bases its continuing monopoly on political power upon an ideology that no one in China truly believe in anymore. This co-existence of contradictory ideologies may continue for years to come, but obviously cannot be sustained in the long term. It is this fact that gives rise to the pessimism of many observers regarding the future of China."
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Disabled Women and Employment, 2008.
This paper looks at the difficulties for disabled women to find employment, focusing on Canada.
1,107 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that people with disabilities face limited admission to health care, education, social activities and employment. Specifically, the writer points out that women with disabilities face the same criteria in higher regards and are disappointingly underrepresented in research, training and health policies. The writer maintains that although few advances have been made in terms of the Americans with Disabilities Act and medical/assistive technology, opportunities have opened doors for females with disabilities to participate in and gain access to services but there is still work to be done. This research paper examines women with disabilities facing challenges of finding employment specifically in Ontario, Canada.
From the Paper
"Disabled women who could not take the struggle received social assistance or began some kind of training that would benefit their disability and work at the same time. In one situation, a woman who suffers from arthritis had to go to a chiropractor almost three times a week and was too tired to go to work, which became a barrier. Since employers expect their employees to work eight or more hours a day.
"In another situation, a woman with cerebral palsy became an occupational therapist. During a summer program as a ninth grader, she assisted students with severe disabilities along with a speech therapist and an occupational therapist. She was advised not to enter the field of occupational therapy because of lifting and feeding the disabled children. However due to this incredible challenge to fight and help children, she became a pediatric occupational therapist after finishing college."
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Urban Homelessness in Canada, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of homelessness in urban areas of Canada.
1,572 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, £ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer briefly reviews the homelessness crisis afflicting many urban centers in Canada. Specifically, the paper looks at the causes of the problem, the attitudes of politicians and what they have done to combat the scourge. In addition, the writer discusses what can be done to rescue the situation. The writer maintains that social housing and rent supplements will save lives and will also allow Canadian cities to save money by sparing them the burden of having to care for ill and at-risk individuals who lack a roof over their heads.
From the Paper
"When one takes the time to probe into the matter, it is fairly clear - and lamentably so - that politicians have done a poor job of creating an official mandate for bureaucrats that makes them accountable, responsive and congenial to the needs of the most vulnerable members of Canadian society. For instance, homeless women contacted by the Toronto Star in a survey conducted within the last year report that government welfare offices who should be offering assistance to the homeless often view them with borderline disdain. Not to be overlooked, women in Toronto who have used that city's shelters in the past detail the troubling absence of security for women leaving the shelters after using their services. Indeed, a woman named Kathy Kunsman reports that sexual predators would literally line up in close proximity to the shelters so that they could accost women as they left."
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Mill, de Toqueville and Schmitt: Problems of Democracy, 2008.
A comparison of John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty", Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America", and Carl Schmitt's "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy".
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of democracy as cited in three major works on the subject: John Stuart Mill's "On Liberty", Alexis de Tocqueville's "Democracy in America", and Carl Schmitt's "The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy". The paper elaborates upon the views of Mill and de Tocqueville, who both believed that the tyranny of the majority was particularly worrisome in democracies, compared to other political systems. The paper also outlines the major features of Carl Schmitt's critiques of parliamentary democracy, in which he contrasts between how parliamentary government is designed to function and how it actually functions. The paper further discusses Schmitt's argument that democratic institutions function through corrupt political deal-making and that rational political debate and election results have little impact on government decision-making. The paper concludes that Mill and de Tocqueville realized that the solutions for these problems actually lay within the democratic system.
From the Paper
"Schmitt was also critical of parliamentary systems because he believed that the nature of democracy itself is based upon meaningless abstractions such as equality and liberty. To him, these high-sounding concepts were little more than a sham, for most people care very little about equal rights and liberty and most political leaders care even less. Leaders deliver grand speeches in parliaments and legislatures about democracy, but behind the scenes, they act in their own self-interest. And in society, the average citizen is just as hypocritical, for they resent any action by the government or other citizens that is detrimental to their self-interest, while paying lip service to democracy and equal rights for all."
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Stephen Douglas and Popular Sovereignty, 2008.
A discussion of 1850s politician, Stephen Douglas, and the doctrine of popular sovereignty.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 18.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political history and views of Stephen Douglas, among the leading politicians in the nation in the 1850s. The paper points out that, aspiring to the presidency, Douglas had to confront the question of the legality of slavery in the territories. Responding to this issue, Douglas advocated popular sovereignty, letting the voters in each territory decide the question. The paper states that, while the concept seemed simple, the doctrine collapsed in the face of myriad complications, and as it collapsed, Douglas and his presidential hopes faded. The paper concludes that popular sovereignty was theoretically a sound means of allowing territorial populations to organize themselves as either slave or free, but it failed as a political idea because it could not satisfy the demands of the various factions in the dire years leading to the Civil War.
From the Paper
"The second blow to Douglas came with the submission of the first state constitution ostensibly reflecting popular sovereignty. A constitutional convention at Lecompton, Kansas, wrote a constitution that was put before Kansas voters. The voters were given an alternative: to vote for a constitution which permitted current residents of Kansas to keep slaves they had brought into the territory, or to vote for a provision which opened the state to unlimited importation to slaves. Voters could not for a state constitution which prohibited slavery. Anti-slavery voters boycotted this referendum, so that the constitution sent to Washington allowed the free importation of slaves into Kansas."
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Political Parties in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of the political system of Canada and its political parties.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the political make-up in Canada, focusing on the political parties that make up the government. The paper examines the role within government of the non-Canadian un-elected monarch, who is currently the Queen of England. The paper looks at the ongoing discussion in Canada about ways to make the country more a democracy and to protect the democratic institutions that have been created.
From the Paper
"The system for both domestic and foreign policy issues tends to be a pluralist democracy even as leaders promote the idea of a representative democracy. The system is unjust because it ignores or devalues millions of people, perhaps the majority of the citizenry, while responding to the loudest groups either in terms of those spending more money or those making their views heard most clearly. At the same time, it is difficult to see how it could be otherwise at the federal level, the sheer size of which reduces the link between elected representatives and the people they serve. Leaders will always respond more readily to the constituents they hear than to those who do not make their views known, and this necessarily means public interest groups and elites that make their views known will have more power."
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The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, 2008.
A review of how well the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (HIPC) is working in the developing world.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative (HIPC) and discusses whether or not the program is really working or, like so many other initiatives, is letting the developing world down. The paper concludes that, while far from perfect, the HIPC has worked exceptionally well in some nations and has given those countries at least a partial lease on their own futures.
From the Paper
"Lastly, a few brief passages need to be devoted to a review of how HIPC, far from debilitating the nation of Senegal, may actually have saved it from further government sloth and irresponsibility. For example, the IMF announced in early 2005 that Senegal was finally employing macro-economic policies that offered better prospects for the future. To wit, the regional central bank's monetary polices were finally achieving price stability and "prudent" fiscal programs put in place by the government were belatedly resulting in greater efficiency (courtesy privatization) and in appreciable GDP growth. Before drawing this section of the paper to a close, it must also be pointed out that HIPC - and particularly the closely-watching eye of international organizations such as the IMF - seem to have encouraged a new age in political stability within Senegal, the sort of political stability that has sparked foreign investors to take a renewed interest in that land (Ford, 52-53). Much-maligned though it is, HIPC is certainly a means by which wayward states can be compelled to introduce much-needed reforms that better the lives of their citizens."
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The Canadian State as a Racist Political Culture, 2008.
This paper discusses the development of the Canadian state as a racist political culture.
1,318 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in Canada in the early 21st century there is the widespread belief that racism is largely a concern of other countries given such state policies as multiculturalism. This being said, this essay argues, through the critical examination of scholarly texts on the subject, that, in fact, the development of Canada as a racist political culture defines the fundamental institutions of the Canadian state to the present day. The writer maintains that when Canada is considered in terms of its historical development, in terms of its policy making - as in the case of multiculturalism - or in terms of its political culture manifested in the mass media and the economy, there exists overwhelmingly evidence in support of the contention that Canada is a fundamentally racist political culture.
From the Paper
"Consider, for example, the unrest that has often erupted in Canada between Aboriginals and the government/land developers who are seeking to build on sacred Aboriginal lands. Even if we set aside the issue that all of the North American continent itself originally belonged to the ancestors of these Aboriginals, the fact that it has been so difficult for these First Nations to enforce their treaty rights through the courts that they must resort to peaceful civil disobedience is evidence of the radical inequality in the Canadian social, political and economic systems. Indeed, as the conflicts years ago at Akwasasne and Oka, dissent and civil disruption appear to be the only way that marginalized populations can make their case in the public arena given that they are effectively dispossessed."
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Rent Control Economics: Supply and Demand, 2008.
An analysis of the pros and cons of rental control policies and how they affect the supply and demand of rental properties.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economics behind rent control enforcement. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of rent control and the effect that this has on the rental market. It describes basic supply and demand issues as they relate to rental prices and availability. The paper concludes that exercising rent control policies more often than not results in an actual shortage of housing due to the innate removal of the economic stimulus for private developers to build new rental properties.
From the Paper
"Exercising rent control policies more often than not results in an actual shortage of housing due to the innate removal of the economic stimulus for private developers to build new rental properties. Additionally, rental units not controlled by rental control laws are forced to compensate for the lost revenue of controlled units by having their rent levels unduly increased. Other research indicates that some of the sacred cows of rental control proponents, such as improved integration in the community and elevated living standards for the low-income and the elderly, simply do not occur (Freeman & Braconi). Housing markets, just as any other market, should be left to the forces of the free market itself to find and locate its own equilibrium relative to supply and demand. If the market demands additional housing and the economic profile of the community supports its construction, additional housing will be built. If the economic profile of the community does not support it and there is not a local demand, supply will not increase."
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