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The Physics of Pushing a Pencil, 2009.
This paper looks at the physics aspect of pushing a pencil and at the energy involved in the act.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that many people write all day and never consider the physics behind the act of placing words on paper. However, there is a whole world of how and why these sticks of wood and lead leave various types of marks on a formerly clean white page. The writer discusses that the structure, force, friction and angle of each pencil constructs the reasons why it writes the way it does. The writer maintains that the main component of why the pencil leaves marks is the energy behind it and energy which comes directly from the writer using that pencil. People also have their ways of holding their pencils, changing the angles and creating different styles of friction between the pencil and the paper. This leads to the conclusion that the individual carries much more responsibility in the act of writing than one would think.
From the Paper
"The pencil represents the concept of a stationary mass until it is picked up and used by the writer. A normal pencil varies in length and diameter, but is mainly constructed using wood casings to hold a lead core which leaves marks on the paper being written on. Most lengths begin at around six inches, but can vary based on where and why the pencil was made. This length also shortens as the writer continuously sharpens the pencil and eats away at the wood casing in order to extract a sharper piece of lead core to write with. The diameter of the pencil varies, the general bulk of the wood casing is much larger and wider than the fine pencil tip. Most pencil's diameters are measured in millimeters and average to around 0.05 mm to 0.07 mm. However, the standard yellow pencil is 0.05mm."
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The U.S. and the Atomic Bomb, 2009.
An in-depth exploration of the development of the atomic bomb by the United States in what was known as the Manhattan Project.
5,265 words (approx. 21.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, £ 82.95
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Abstract
The paper provides a qualitative review of literature relating to the Manhattan Project and how the atomic bomb was developed by the United States and used in World War II against Japan. The paper presents the thesis that the atomic bomb saved lives by ending a brutal war where the opponent, Japan, was unreasonable in its demands. The paper further posits that the success of the Manhattan Project is not only in ending World War II but also in acquiring many technological advances.
Outline:
Introduction
Background
Statement of Thesis
Purpose of Study
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The driving force behind use of the atomic weapon was a force that was similar to nuclear fission itself due to the complexity of the diverse commitment, energies, and effort focused into these endeavor. Universities were deeply involved in this endeavor and created an entire segmented program in which none of the program sectors were aware of the research of other program sectors. German scientists were well aware of this information and agreed to come to the United States and join research with the United States. As well, research was an effort characterized by cooperation and collaboration among universities and various research sectors among the Manhattan Project's efforts. The entire cognitive citizenry of the United States was aware that a new age of military warfare was soon to come and the United States was collectively in the majority willing to affirm that since it was to happen the United States must be the first to accomplish the atomic bomb."
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The Responsibility of Nuclear Energy, 2009.
A brief discussion on the pros and cons of using nuclear power.
866 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and at the Three-Mile Island plant to explain why people are so concerned about the impact of a nuclear disaster. The paper then reveals that the responsible and safe use of nuclear power can have tremendous benefits as well; it is relatively inexpensive and low on pollutants. The paper asserts that the use of nuclear energy should therefore be classified according to its use, rather than for any of its inherent characteristics.
From the Paper
"When one hears the word "nuclear," the image that springs to mind is one of destruction. After all, the world was first introduced to nuclear energy in the form of the atomic bomb, two of which were used to devastate Japan, ushering in the conclusion of the Pacific part of World War II. Hiroshima and Nagasaki experienced such tremendous devastation that it was probably impossible, at that time, for people to envision any responsible use of nuclear energy. These feelings grew during the Cold War; the United States and the Soviet Union both increased their nuclear arsenals, hoping to prevent the other Super Power from using nuclear weapons against them. Other major nations developed their nuclear capabilities as well. This proliferation of weapons helped ensure that humanity would never again know a world without the threat of nuclear war. However, the proliferation of nuclear weapons may also have been substantially responsible for preventing another war on the scale of World War I or World War II. "
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Hazard Factors of Bright Blue Light, 2009.
Examines the risk and hazard factors of bright blue light in the workplace and compares the use of green light in the work place and examines the safety issues relating to green light use.
3,214 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, £ 58.95
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Abstract
This research paper examines the hazards and risks associated with the use of blue light in the work place. In addition, the paper examines the use of green light in the workplace and the safety issues relating to the use of green light. Also examined is the fact that blue light marketers inform the public that lamps with 'enhanced' UV will ensure better health.
Outline:
Introduction
Aim
Objectives
Hypothesis
Rationale
Methodology
Literature Review
Summary
Recommendation
From the Paper
"Photometric quantities such as luminance (brightness in cd/cm2 as perceived by a human "standard observer") and illuminance in lux (the "light" falling on a surface) indicate light levels spectrally weighted by the standard photometric visibility curve which peaks at 550 nm for the human eye. To quantify a photochemical effect it is not sufficient to specify the number of photons-per-square-centimeter (photon flux) or the irradiance (W/cm2) since the efficiency of the effect will be highly dependent on wavelength."
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Nuclear Energy, 2009.
An analysis of the risks and benefits of nuclear power.
2,121 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how nuclear power offers tremendous potential for human development. The paper focuses on the benefits and dangers of nuclear energy and considers the long-term consequences of exclusive reliance on fossil fuels as well as the dangers regarding operational safety, disposal of nuclear waste and protection from terrorists. The paper concludes that the value of nuclear power outweighs the risks that are manageable through appropriate regulation.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction - Nuclear Energy
The Benefits of Nuclear Energy:
Nuclear Power Plant Safety Concerns
Nuclear Power Plant Safety in the Age of Global Terrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Nuclear power is a relatively cheap and abundant sources of usable energy that currently provides approximately one-fifth of all the electric power used in the United States and as much as four-fifths of that used in other countries. The nature of highly radioactive materials has always posed significant safety concerns, but even more so since the onset of global terrorism. While operational safety, responsible disposal of nuclear waste, and protection from terrorists are crucial matters, a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis suggests that the eventual widespread shift to nuclear power is necessary and not associated with greater overall risk of harm than conventional energy sources or production cycles."
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Apollo 11 Space Mission, 2009.
This paper discusses the significance to mankind of the Apollo 11 space mission to the moon.
1,295 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper presents the thesis that there is nothing man is incapable of doing, not even exploring far beyond the Earth's boundaries, as long as he puts his mind, heart and body into it. The paper overviews the period of time in American history preceding the launch of Apollo 11, describes the design of the Apollo 11 lunar module and the Apollo mission itself and discusses the discoveries made. The paper concludes with the firm belief that this mission proved that humanity is destined for things far beyond their realms.
Outline:
Humanity and the Moon
The Era of Turmoil
The Apollo 11 Space Mission
The Discoveries from the Apollo 11 Space Mission
The Contribution of the Apollo 11 Space Mission to Mankind
From the Paper
"It has been nearly 40 years since man placed his footprints on the Moon. For millions of years, people had looked up into the vastness of space, wondering what lay beyond the earth's atmosphere. Space exploration was simply a fragment of one's imagination - a creation of science fiction. On Earth grounds, many a human being had looked up at the Moon, observing its detail and absorbing its essence: how the light played on its surface, its craters, and shadows. How man imagined being on it, exploring if there were signs of life, and sought to discover if the Moon was a picture of the earth's future. Man had wondered: is it ever possible to uncover the vastness of the universe by first visiting the closest neighbour Earth has?"
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Nuclear Power, 2009.
A persuasive essay arguing for the reintroduction of nuclear energy as a power resource.
1,988 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the pros and cons of nuclear energy as a source of power. The paper argues that, despite the fears of nuclear weapons proliferation, possible accidents and the management of nuclear waste, nuclear energy will reduce the fear of environmental pollution and will produce power relatively cheaply and in great abundance. The paper concludes that the safety standards will ensure that nuclear technology can benefit mankind.
From the Paper
"This essay will explore the notion that the world needs to seriously take a look at the reintroduction of nuclear energy as a source of power generation. Historically, the fears of nuclear power arise from the devastation that the misuse of nuclear energy and the errors in the design and maintenance of nuclear reactors can wreak, have prompted people to take a pause. Nuclear non-proliferation is a worthy goal, and some countries have signed on to it; others haven't. Even countries which have committed to nuclear non-proliferation do so in varying amounts. In this essay, will be discussed the pros and cons of reintroduction of nuclear energy as a power resource."
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Hovercrafts, 2008.
A brief overview of hovercrafts, also known as air-cushioned vehicles (ACVs).
769 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 17.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the history of the hovercraft, its design and recent developments such as the heavy load air-cushioned vehicles (ACVs) and personal hovercrafts. The paper looks at potential developments with this technology and concludes that the technology will likely continue to contribute to new applications such as space exploration.
Outline:
Introduction
Hovercraft Developments
Conclusions
From the Paper
"The concept of a vehicle which would be able to travel on cushions of air was first proposed back in 1877 by the English engineer John Thornycroft, although Christopher Cockerell is credited with the actual invention. Cockerell developed and built the first hovercraft in 1955 (Johnson 550). It was constructed of balsa wood and powered by a small fan, reaching speeds of up to 12 mph over both land and water. It was not until 1959 that the first practical model was built by Saunders-Roe Ltd. who were predominantly an aircraft manufacturing firm. The hovercraft then entered public use in 1962, where the first passenger hovercraft began operation across the Dee Estuary in Scotland (Sebastian 179)."
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Isaac Newton, 2008.
A discussion of Sir Isaac Newton's inventions and discoveries.
1,589 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all times with achievements in other domains such as alchemy, chemistry and even religion or philosophy. The paper looks at Newton's work "Optiks," a study which best emphasizes his work on light and color, and his work "The Principia" that explains Newton's three laws and his definition of gravity.
From the Paper
"Sir Isaac Newton is one of the greatest mathematicians and physicists of all times; usually presented by the historical documents of science as the academician who discovered the Law of Gravity, Newton also had great achievements in domains such as optics, mathematics, mechanics, alchemy, chemistry and even religion or philosophy. He was born in 1642 at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, where he started his education. In 1661 he became a student of the Cambridge University and in 1667 a Fellow of the Trinity College, when he discovered his passion for mathematics. He later on became a professor of the university, this period of his life being mainly dedicated to studying mathematics, physics and alchemy. Moreover, he made his first public scientific achievement, the invention, design and construction of a reflecting telescope and he also wrote "Principia", a study of mathematical principles applied on natural philosophy, which was only published in 1687 ."
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Political Science, 2008.
A review of Iran's nuclear development program and the opposition to the program.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of Iran and its nuclear development program and the tension that it is creating within Western nations. The paper notes that the Iranian government has been involved in nuclear enrichment and development for years, and has hidden the program for eighteen years. The United Nations Security Council has ordered Iran to stop nuclear enrichment, which Iran has refused, saying it needs nuclear power, and needs to control its use inside its borders. The paper comments that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been involved in monitoring the situation in Iran and safeguarding nuclear sites in compliance with an international agreement, but Iran has refused to honor the UN and IAEA requests that it stop nuclear enrichment programs and stop building on a heavy water nuclear plant. The paper describes the debate and disagreement about how to deal with Iran and their nuclear program.
From the Paper
"While the IAEA is satisfied with some of Iran's policies, including Iran's experimenting with plutonium and the incidence of high-enriched uranium particles in the country. However, there are other issues that have not been resolved, including, "Iran's acquisition of centrifuge technology, contamination by highly-enriched uranium of samples taken at a university in Tehran, [and] Iran's possession of a document describing procedures for using uranium metal in hemispheres for a nuclear device and Iran's activities concerning polonium." While Iran has answered some of these lingering questions, they have not answered all of them, which makes many wonder about the exact intentions of the Iranian government, and leads them not to trust the government and to question its true intentions."
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Yucca Mountain, 2008.
An overview of the issues associated with the development of the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada.
1,892 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 38.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of nuclear waste. The paper specifically discusses the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste project in Nevada and the opposition to the development of this project.
From the Paper
"Nuclear waste has been a growing problem since the spread of nuclear power plants in the 1950s and 1960s. The power plants rely on radioactive rods to generate nuclear power, and when the rods are spent, they are still highly radioactive, and must be stored somewhere. Currently, the spent rods are stored around the country in many different storage facilities, but for safety, the government wants to consolidate the storage in a remote facility built especially to handle large amounts of nuclear waste. While the idea sounds plausible, there have been numerous problems with the site chosen for the storage facility since its inception. "
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Chernobyl and Literature, 2008.
This paper looks at literature discussing the impact of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 22.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Chernobyl nuclear disaster and looks at writers who have made a profound impact on the response to the disaster. The writer notes that the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl, Soviet Union in 1986 was one of the worst disasters of the 20th century, and it has had horrible effects on the people who lived anywhere near the nuclear plant. The writer points out that many writers and artists have had a profound impact on the response to Chernobyl. The writer discusses that some writers are still contributing to that impact with continuing coverage of the aftermath of Chernobyl and how it has affected the citizens of Russia and worst of all, how it has affected their children, and continues to affect the area, more than 20 years after the disaster.
From the Paper
"Most of the families are extremely poor, and have little hope for the future. Authors De Jong and Knoth corroborate this poverty and hopelessness in their photo-essay that chronicles children and adults throughout the Belarus region. Some have committed suicide, others have abandoned their newborn children at hospitals because of their health conditions, and few have moved away, because they do not have the resources to do so. These authors graphically illustrate how horrible the disaster was, the magnitude of the radiation, and how radiation lingers throughout the region, but the people go on living their lives just as they did before. They bathe, fish, and hunt in contaminated rivers, eat contaminated food grown in contaminated soil, and live in towns and villages too contaminated to support life, yet the government does nothing."
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Galileo and Conflicts with the Church, 2008.
An examination of Galileo's work in the realm of astronomy, physics and mathematics and how the Catholic Church reacted to his views.
1,486 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the life and discoveries of Galileo. It specifically discusses the conflict of Galileo's discoveries with the Catholic Church. It looks at his work in the sciences of astronomy, physics and mathematics and his adoption of the Copernican astronomical theory. The paper also looks at the Catholic Church's reactions to his views.
From the Paper
"In the end, Galileo forever changed the the sciences of astronomy, physics and mathematics. Despite the attempts by the Church to silence his revolutionary work, Galileo continued. His work, was evaluated and validated by observers across Europe, in England, German and France. And, it would be Galileo's work that would encourage experimentation in physics, to test mathematical and physical laws. Sadly, it wouldn't be until more than 300 years later that the Church would recant their views, with Cardinal Paul Poupard, the head of an investigation by the church into Galileo's theory, statement in 1992 that said, "We today know that Galileo was right in adopting the Copernican astronomical theory" (qtd. Brauchli )."
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Iranian Nuclear Ambitions and American Options, 2008.
An examination of the threat posed by a nuclear Iran and the options for the rest of the world.
1,118 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the development of nuclear technology in Iran. It discusses the reasons that Iran gives for the developments and the views of the rest of the world regarding the issue. The paper focuses on the potential threat posed by Iran if it has nuclear power capabilities. The paper then looks at the options for addressing the threat that is posed by Iran.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Military Threat of a Nuclear Iran
Non-Military Threats of a Nuclear Iran
Options for Addressing the Threat of a Nuclear Iran
From the Paper
"However, unlike the Iraqi nuclear reactor destroyed by Israel in Natanz, the Iranian nuclear network comprise hundreds of individual facilities located underground in hardened bunkers and spread out throughout much of the country. It is, therefore, possible that without U.S. tactical assistance, Israel might eventually have only one option for preventing Iran from developing nuclear weapons: namely, a pre-emptive nuclear strike of its own. Given the inevitable blame that the U.S. will share throughout the rest of the Muslim world for such an attack, even without direct U.S. involvement, it might behoove this country to provide assistance to enable Israel to destroy the threat using the latest U.S. conventional (i.e. non-nuclear) technology capable of achieving the objective without the unavoidable death of millions in Iran."
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