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Technology and Healthy Eating, 2007.
This paper offers a critique of the article: 'Using technology to promote self-efficacy for healthy eating in adolescents' by J.D. Long & K.R. Stevens.
2,910 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the ability to critically assess a journal article is central to the skills required for advanced nursing. This paper presents a detailed critique of the nursing article "Using Technology to Promote Self-Efficacy for Healthy Eating in Adolescents", by nursing professors JoAnne D. Long and Kathleen R. Stevens. Critique details are broken down into the following sections: introduction, methodology and results.
Outline:
Problem statement
Literature review and theoretical framework
Hypothesis/Variables
Methodology
Design
Threats to internal and external validity
Subjects
Data collection methods/instrumentation
Results
Findings
Interpretation/Conclusions
From the Paper
"Threats to internal validity normally are perceived as selection, history, maturation, testing, and instrumentation. Selection threats suggest that those who participated in the control or intervention group have characteristics that differ from those who were not included in the study. There is a possible selection bias given that student were from a school in an undisclosed area of the country, it is unknown whether these were rural or urban youth, from a public or private school or what other variables might affect their level of nutritional, health or independence awareness. History, or the events that happen to students during the course of the study which might affect results, could not be accounted for as all intervention took place in the school setting. Researchers acknowledged they were unable to control for social or family interventions that might run counter to their study goals. Instrumentation, maturation, dropout, and order effects were controlled by researchers directly or through statistical analysis for variance."
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Vegetarians Eating, 2007.
An explanation of the argument in favor of vegetarian diets to improve health.
1,049 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 21.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an argument in favor of vegetarian eating versus more conventional red-meat diets and highlights the various health benefits to be gained from a vegetarian diest. The paper emphasizes, not simply why vegetarians are healthier than meat eaters, but also explains why some groups in society are healthier than other groups.
From the Paper
"In an interesting online article, Julia Dombrowski and Jennifer Starkey report that people who consume salads in large quantities tend to have "above-average intakes" of vital nutrients such as vitamin C, E, lycopene, carotenoids and folic acid. The aforementioned twosome, summarizing the findings of a study published in the September 2006 edition of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, also notes that each serving of salad consumed represents among women a "165 percent higher likelihood of (meeting) the recommended daily allowance for vitamin C" and a 119 percent greater likelihood among male subjects (Dombrowski & Starkey 2006, para.). While the evidence is not compelling that high dosages of vitamin C can actually cure cancer, most medical experts are agreed that a healthy diet containing large sums of fruits and vegetables - fruits and vegetables containing vitamin C as well as the other valuable nutrients highlighted above - is an excellent means of preventing the onset of cancer in the first place ("Vitamin C 'helps to fight Cancer'", 2005)."
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Why Do We Eat?, 2007.
This paper identifies the biological, learned and cognitive factors that affect our motivation to eat.
3,101 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the biological, learned and cognitive motivations for why we eat. The paper examines disorders related to obesity and explains how biology, learned responses and cognitive factors can be powerful motivators that trigger a hunger response where none actually exists. The paper discusses the difficulties in treating a person who is eating to satisfy an emotional need rather than a physiological one.
Outline:
Biological Motivations for Eating
Learned Motivations for Eating
Cognitive Factors in Eating
Hunger and Obesity
Eating Disorders and Hunger
Biological factors
Learned Factors
Cognitive Factor Affecting Hunger
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When we use the term "hunger", it usually implies the biological need for food. We know that when we are actually hungry, we get a certain sensation that tells us we need to eat something. However, the actual mechanism that leads to this feeling is not well understood. There are theories that explain the sensation in relation to low blood glucose levels (Kalat, 1995). Insulin production has also been associated with a hungry feeling. Other theories have to do with an "empty" stomach and muscle contractions (Kalat, 1995)."
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The Perfect Steak, 2007.
This paper compares two New York City steakhouses; Harry's Steakhouse and Peter Luger's.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, £ 19.95
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Abstract
This paper compares Harry's Steakhouse in the financial district of Manhattan versus the older Peter Luger's in Brooklyn. The paper describes how Harry's caters to a traditional New York City clientele where the dishes are creatively prepared with unique flavourings. The paper contrasts this to Peter Luger's who caters to those who do not care very much about cholesterol, healthy eating and waistlines, but simply want to eat a juicy, fatty piece of beef.
From the Paper
"For a group of people with diverse appetites seeking a comfortable steakhouse atmosphere, Harry's might be more appropriate. The dishes are creatively prepared, with whimsy, even irony. The idea of serving, for example, an entire jar of applesauce with fancy pepper seems almost to be making fun of traditional American cuisine, as it combines unusual seasoning with a staple like pork. Harry's is making fun of the 'real thing.' The real thing, the true and traditional steakhouse, is Peter Luger's. Peter Luger's offers few options for diners seeking lighter fare and a variety of flavorings, but for people wanting to relax in an unpretentious environment and throw any cares about eating in the nutritionally correct fashion, dining there is like taking a trip back in time, before celebrity chefs and cholesterol dominated the culinary headlines."
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Exercise in Pregnancy, 2007.
This paper discusses the benefits of exercise during pregnancy.
1,942 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer studies various research concerning the value of exercise to a pregnant woman and her unborn baby. The writer notes that the benefits of physical fitness and enhanced body image have been enough motivation for women to continue exercise during pregnancy. The writer points out however, that exercise has not been recommended to those of diverse cultural background who have a high prevalence of obesity and overweight. To those who find exercising to be culturally acceptable, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) suggests proper screening in order to avoid extreme environmental conditions and activities, which can lead to abdominal trauma. The writer concludes that experience, opinion and increasing measurable evidence combine to point to the advantages and benefits of exercise before, during, and after pregnancy and as an overall boon to the health to every individual.
From the Paper
"On the other hand, there have been separate and new researches, which reported multiple benefits of exercise during pregnancy for both woman and baby. These include improved cardiovascular function, less weight gain, improved attitude and mood and less difficult or complicated labor, faster recovery and greater fitness. The pregnant woman only needs to be cautious about the type of exercise, its intensity, duration and frequency. The unborn baby also benefits from the improved stress tolerance and advanced neurobehavioral maturity, which exercise can bring. The unborn child of a woman who exercises during pregnancy tends to become leaner and smaller but also has better early neurodevelopment. There have been no studies, which showed that moderate exercise created problems on the developing embryo. Doctors have just probably been playing safe and were apprehensive over the increase in body temperature during exercise as having adverse effects on the fetus."
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Vegetable Consumption and Cognitive Performance, 2007.
This paper studies the association between past vegetable consumption and cognitive performance.
2,931 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, £ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cognitive impairments and decline are often considered commonplace characteristics of aging. The writer points out that the aged population is increasing in America, and it is important that attention and research be directed at how certain age-associated phenomena, such as cognitive decline, could be reduced. The writer examines research that have determined that dietary intake of certain foods and nutrients have a significant impact on cognitive performance. The writer concludes that high dietary intake of vegetables was determined to be associated with higher cognitive performance scores among the aged population under investigation. Further, the writer maintains that the overall health benefits offered by diets high in vegetable intake need to be factored into interventions aimed at the prevention of all age-related illnesses, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Outline:
Method
Participants
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the process of aging is inevitable, what can individuals do to prevent cognitive decline and possible Alzheimer's disease as a result of aging? It is important to focus on prevention and primary care as the most optimal approaches to healthcare for an aging population. Preventative approaches to healthcare result in reduced costs for individuals as well as the healthcare system, as well as increased responsibility and self-reliance on behalf of aging individuals."
"One factor which has the potential to greatly affect overall health, including cognitive performance, is diet. How do the foods consumed by individuals affect cognitive performance? Since mild cognitive impairment has been demonstrated as a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is it possible to alleviate this risk through dietary intake? Several research studies have determined that dietary intake of certain foods and nutrients have a significant impact on cognitive performance."
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Research Article Critique, 2007.
A critique of the research presented by C. Daborn, L. Dibsall and
N. Lambert in their 2005 article entitled 'Understanding the Food Related Experiences and Beliefs of a Specific Group of Low-Income Men in the U.K.' from "Health Education".
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper asserts that, because of the widespread problem of obesity, the research by Daborn, Dibsall and Lambert, which for the first time explores the eating habits among low income men, is a worthy one. The author points out that the selection of a qualitative approach for this study instead of a quantitative approach is justified because the aim of the study was to explore issues surrounding healthy eating. The paper suggests that the consistency of data collection could have been improved if all the interviews were conducted by the same interviewer with strict adherence to the interviewing order, thus controlling for the researchers' biases and preconceptions.
From the Paper
"The interviews were tape-recorded by the interviewers and then put into transcripts in preparation for analysis. An interpretative phenomenological method was used for the analysis of the interview transcripts, and the analysis was led by one of the researchers that had no knowledge of the previous female study. The analytical process involved five steps. First, the three researchers independently studied the ten hours of tape and 281 pages of interview transcripts, and notes were made regarding potential themes for each interview.".
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Health Benefits of DHA, 2007.
A review of the health benefits of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
1,716 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the health benefits of eating foods containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The paper reports that research has proven DHA to not only be essential for the functional development and growth of an infant's brain, but that it is also vital for the preservation of an adult's normal brain functioning. According to the paper, sources of DHA include fatty fish such as tuna, salmon and mackerel.
Table of Contents:
I.Introduction
Propositions Presented
II. Literature Review
Other Studies
III. Reviews Relate
Benefits Confirmed
From the Paper
"Associated risks for eating fish include potential effects of extremely high methylmercury intake, however, chronic exposure to low levels are not solidly grounded regarding health effects. Women of childbearing age, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, need to avoid eating shark, swordfish, King mackerel and golden bass and only eat up to 12 ounces per week of other fish and shellfish. It is recommended that women of childbearing age do not eat more than 6 ounces of Albacore tuna each week."
"In practice, fish consumption, particular oily fish and shellfish, reduces CHD mortality and is noted to likely improved neurological functioning. Potential risks from dioxin, mercury and PCB contamination are outweighed by DHA's probable benefits."
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Mandatory Food Labeling, 2007.
This paper discusses food and drug regulation in America.
1,271 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the history of food and drug regulation in America. The paper discusses how nutritionists and consumer advocates who support such legislation have their personal agendas involved. The paper examines the struggle over food labeling and shows how even something seemingly objective, like caloric content or freedom from artificial pesticides, can be subject to political influences.
From the Paper
"Concerns about food content and purity have a long history, not simply in America, but in the history of the world. To protect the health of the consumer, governments have long attempted to regulate what can or can not be added to food products. Food producers have often attempted to alter foods in an effort to obtain the same price for diluted and even dangerous goods. "For instance, water has often been added to wine, the cream skimmed from milk, and chalk added to bread" (Law, 2004). Mandatory, accurate food labeling attempts to solve the problem of asymmetric information, as producers often know more about product quality than consumers."
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Childhood Obesity and Nutrition, 2007.
This paper explores contemporary treatment programs for childhood obesity.
3,896 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 37 sources, MLA, £ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper clarifies the pros and cons of the most prevalent treatments being used by today's medical professionals. The paper reviews screening procedures as well as the treatment models being used for individuals, groups, in communities and schools. This includes medical assessments, education, individual behavioral therapy and family inclusive intervention and education programs as the types of programs effective in addressing the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The work of Rebecca Moran, M.D. states that the prevalence of childhood obesity "in the United States has risen dramatically in the past several decades." (1999) While 35 to 30 percent of children are affected by childhood obesity, "this condition is underdiagnosed and undertreated." (Moran, 1999) Generally, factors such as hormonal or genetic factors are very rarely, what causes childhood obesity. It is extremely important that obesity in childhood be evaluated including prevention in order that children are able to avoid the long-term implications relating to their success and overall happiness. (Moran, 1999)."
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Food around the World, 2007.
This paper discusses food and eating behavior in different places around the world.
2,360 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that every country on planet earth has its unique culture and traditions. The writer points out that people living in different countries have different lifestyles and so their food and eating behavior differs and sets it apart from others. Some countries have become popular because of their food and eating traditions like India, Italy, Thailand or even Turkey. The writer discusses that food traditions in each country are influenced by its religions as well as its past history. The paper describes the traditional foods and mealtimes of the countries mentioned. The writer then concludes that it is these differences that make people relish the uniqueness of food and culture all over the world.
Outline:
Turkey
Thailand
Italy
India
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Soups, eggs, olives, fish and bread can be considered staple items in Turkish food. Vegetables are also used extensively in the diet and most of the foods is preferably cooked and served in olive oil as the country has been well known for olive oil production. Meat is grilled, skewered and roasted while breads are baked upon an overturned griddle known as sac. Other than these 'Yogurt' is typically a Turkish item which became a staple item world wide as it reached outside the country during the Ottoman occupation."
"In breakfast Turkish people use different types of cheese, sausages, jam, eggs and olives while the main beverage is tea. Lunches in the most of Turkey are not elaborate and consist of stews, soup, salads and meat. Meat is generally lamb or fish. The meat is usually grilled and eaten with different sausages. The dinner in Turkish traditions is more detailed starting with appetizers followed by main course and deserts. Special preparations are made for dinner as the families get the chance to eat dinner together. In Turkey, Appetizer is also known as mezeler. Mezeler is purely Turkish delight and different items and different variations are available. Different restaurants also offer different special items as appetizers."
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Advertising to Children, 2007.
A study of four articles that highlight the relationship between advertising to children and their subsequent eating habits.
2,675 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses an article about how the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) wishes to ban or limit advertisements in schools for "junk food" and about how the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is exploring how the media affects childhood obesity. The paper then looks at two articles that attempt to scientifically say that the "junk food" consumption of children is derived from how influenced children are by advertising. These studies also show how children are able to influence their parents to purchase food that they have seen advertised, known as 'pester power'. The paper concludes that there is an undeniable link between the advertising to which children are exposed and their eating habits.
Outline:
"Pediatricians Call for Less Advertising to Children"
"FTC Not Sweet on Junk-Food Ads Targeting Children"
"Children's Recall of Television Ad Elements"
"International Food Advertising, Pester Power and its Effects"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"USA Today's article "Pediatricians call for less advertising to children" from last December reports that the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) wishes to lobby to ban or limit advertisements in schools for "junk food". Furthermore, the organization wants Congress to enact laws that would stop commercials for "junk food" during shows watched mostly by small children."
"The AAP is concerned about the increase in childhood obesity and its members believe that much of this is due to the prolific quantity of advertisements that target kids through their exposure to the internet, cell phones, video games, and schools. The article points to an alarming increase in advertising targeted at kids."
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Hamburgers and Americanism, 2007.
This paper discusses the hamburger as indicative of American growth and prosperity.
1,295 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, £ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that there are few other icons that are more connected to the growth of the American dream, its culture and the iconography of this nation, than the hamburger sandwich, known today simply as the burger. The paper explores the hamburger's true origin. The paper discusses how the hamburger and the fast food industry have transformed marketing and even the architecture of the US.
From the Paper
"Studying the hamburger's true origin has proven difficult, as its popularity growth has been so expansive that the idea's origin likely got thrown out with the paper first used to wrap it for "take out." As the Hamburger today website points out, there are three prevailing claims to the invention of the hamburger, and as it was not a coveted offering and only today are people seeking to ground it in tradition, even in the age of exponential patent growth, it does not have a documented history."
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The California School Nutrition Policy, 2007.
This paper investigates the California school nutrition policy for K-12 grades and recommends changes to that policy.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 33 sources, APA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that foods and beverages consumed on school campuses are becoming increasingly unhealthy, which leads to increased blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes and obesity in students across the nation. The author points out that school nutrition programs, which frequently are accountable to district management to sustain their operations financially, are often at the mercy of fast food sales to generate these revenues. The paper suggests various programs by which California schools can help students understand the importance of making good food choices.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
School Changes
From the Paper
"For many years, school nutritional concerns consisted of making sure the students bought their lunch tickets each week and were sent through a lunch line where they were given a tray of something resembling food. One day might offer a scoop of mashed potatoes, heaped with gravy while the next day may provide macaroni lathered in cheese product. During those years parents, teachers and students accepted what was referred to as "cafeteria food" without complaint. In recent decades however, the focus has shifted to eating healthy nutritious foods for one's entire life ..."
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