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Great Powers, 2008.
The writer examines the concept of a great power and discusses states in terms of major powers.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how, in order to ascertain the degree to which states exercise their power, it is first necessary to properly analyze the components which define great powers - that is the political, military, and, most importantly, economic components. The writer then discusses several theories that quantify power in terms of these components, noting that there have been numerous examples of great powers that have exercised their political, military, and economic influence throughout the centuries. Next, the writer examines the current international scene and asserts that, at this time, the international scene is not dominated by a great power, nor should it be. The paper concludes that, while there have been numerous examples of great powers that have exercised their political, military, and economic influence throughout the centuries, at this time, and taking into account the current evolutions in international affairs in terms of security, financial supremacy and political diversity, it is hard to find a state that would fit the traditional definition of a great power.
From the Paper
"However, the range of their power cannot be compared to any subsequent definitions of the term great power due to the fact that at the time, the Hellenistic world was considered to be the only one available for states to claim. In this sense, one cannot look at the magnitude of their influence but from a military perspective. Nonetheless, in all confrontations that took place at the time victory resulted in the political domination of the adversary. The Macedonian empire under the rule of Alexander exercised complete political control over the territories it conquered. Even so, neither example can be certified as being but regional powers because of the limited amount of time they manifested their dominance."
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The Oil Industry, 2008.
An analysis of the history of oil production and the impact of the oil industry on the international economy.
3,837 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, £ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the oil industry and how it affects international relations and the international economy. It also discusses the history and background of oil use and production. In addition, the paper discusses the impact of oil production, as well as other economic factors relating to the industry. The paper then discusses current and future challenges to the oil industry.
Table of Contents:
The Oil Industry: Background And History
Key Issues That Are Related To International Economy
The Oil Industry's Impact On The International Economy
Future Challenges For The Industry
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A significant aspect is the way that oil impacts on the economic relationship between countries. An increase in the price of oil can alter the balance of trade between counties and also affects exchange rates. This refers to the scenario in which the oil-importing countries experience a decline in their balance of payments. This exerts a negative pressure on exchange rates and results in the increase in the price of imports and a reduction in the value of exports. This in turn leads to a decline in the national income of that country. All of these facets have a long-term impact on the economy of countries. "The economic and energy policy response to a combination of higher inflation, higher unemployment, lower exchange rates and lower real output also affects the overall impact on the economy over the longer term" (Analysis of the Impact of High Oil Prices on the Global Economy)"
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The English System - Order out of Chaos, 2008.
An analysis of the theories of the English School of International Relations with regards to order versus chaos.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the English School of International Relations' stress upon cooperation and order, rather than upon chaos, within the international system. It discusses their theories and their arguments and then specifically looks at why according to the English School of International Relations, there is such a high degree of order in the international system.
From the Paper
"Within these spheres of overlap there is also a possibility to cement as well as destabilize a nation and a world. An American of Jewish origin may support the existence of Israel, for example, and draw attention to the plight of the Middle East, stimulating interest in this region of the world within his or her own nation. An economic alliance between two corporations generates a community, and a mutual interest in regional stability, as well as an opportunity of human beings working in a foreign land to better understand another culture. The potential for community ties thus is just as great as the potential of non-state communities to strain the borders of nations and to influence national politics--and thus, the 'center' does 'hold.'"
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The Rise of China, 2008.
Explores the possibility of peace, stability and prosperity of Southeast Asia, given the rise of China.
2,175 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper states that China has recovered its larger economic, political and military stature in East Asia and is becoming a major power in the world. This ominous development is of supreme concern and interest to the United States. The author discusses China's complex relationship with Taiwan and its apprehension about Japan's agreement with the United States on a theater missile defense (TMD) system and on launching spy satellites. The paper explains the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the concern of China about the nuclearization of India, Pakistan and North Korea.
From the Paper
"Although almost all states in the world signed the NPT, the world remained insecure and at the brink of nuclear proliferation and disaster. Observers and critics believe that preventing this would require States with nuclear capabilities to reconsider their stand on a higher moral standpoint and discard their nuclear modernization programs. Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea, for example, needed to terminate their respective programs and agendas, using nuclear weapons."
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The Soviet Bloc vs the West, 2008.
A discussion of the bipolar concept that represented the perceived structure of world politics during the Cold War.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 24.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the bipolar idea that depicts the world as divided into two camps, both militarily and ideologically, with the West representing democratic ideals and with the Soviet bloc representing Communism in opposition to democracy. The paper describes the era of the Cold War when the two sides engaged in an escalating arms race that lasted until the Soviet Union dissolved. The paper relates that today the process of globalization replaced the economic aspects of the bipolar world and terrorism and the globalization of the conflict in the Middle East has taken the place of the Soviet Union as the major threat to the West.
From the Paper
"The bipolar world that developed after World War II represented the basic perceived structure of world politics during the Cold War. The bipolar idea depicts the world as essentially divided into two camps, both militarily and ideologically, with the West representing democratic ideals, and with the Soviet bloc representing Communism in opposition to democracy. Much of the world divided between the two camps, with the two sides creating mutual defense pacts among member nations, and with much of the rhetoric of the age based on the clash of ideologies as well as images of a military threat from the other side."
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Max Boot, 2008.
A review of the book, "The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power" by Max Boot.
4,530 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 74.95
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Abstract
The paper states that Max Boot's book, "The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power," adopts the topic of recent works focusing upon the oftentimes overlooked conflicts in American history. The paper comments that Boot attempts to chronicle a history of the United States' more minor conflicts, yet he does so from a neoconservative and neo-imperial perspective. The paper notes that Boot claims that small conflicts, which are typically those over colonies are necessary to the overall creation and survival of an empire. Boot, by documenting the success and failures of the United States' military machine over the past several centuries, attempts to generate a picture of how American power has expanded and been sustained. To Boot, these conflicts are central toward the creation of empire, and they become increasingly inevitable as the United States assumes the role of a global police force, as well as a massive economic entity, possessing vast corporate interests abroad.
From the Paper
"Other authors, most notably Sam Sarkesian, have termed the wars Boot focuses upon "forgotten" wars. Essentially, the overlooked wars of America's past have landed in an obscure place in history specifically because they were unsuccessful and unconventional: they were not the grand, strategic battles of the First or Second World Wars. This, it would seem, is one of Boot's major motivations for focusing upon these conflicts: they are little-known and little understood. Yet, according to Boot, they provide valuable lessons militaristically and diplomatically for the present and the future; after all, Boot believes that such wars are, on the whole, unavoidable."
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Canada and the Vietnam War, 2008.
Looks at the history surrounding Canada's involvement in the Vietnam War, including its direct and indirect commitments, and its influence of present day global involvement.
3,795 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, £ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while Ottawa did not send soldiers to Vietnam, Canada, a member of NATO, provided defense products to the United States, including aircraft parts, bombs, ammunition and defoliant. The author points out that, as Canadian popular sentiment against the war grew, politicians realized that simply distancing themselves from the problem would no longer suffice thus leading to Canada's public condemnation of American actions and Canada's allowing asylum seekers into the country. The paper stresses that, although it does participate in peacekeeping missions, Canada has forfeited extensive military capability in favor of social services; thus, Canada does not have the ability or popular support to intervene in global conflicts on the scale of the United States.
Table of Contents:
Historical Perspective
Canada in the Milieu
At Home and Abroad
Canada and Agent Orange
Canadian Asylum Seekers
A Canadian Change of Heart
Parallels between Vietnam and Current World Issues
From the Paper
"Canada was a member of the United Nations element responsible for oversight of the Geneva Accords. This position necessitated Canada's neutrality. When the United States reported on infiltration of spies and terrorists from the North into the South, the Canadian delegation to the United Nations wrote a report to the Co-Chairman of the Geneva Convention Conference on the Indo-China (ICC) meant to support the U.S. allegations of aggressive tactics by North Vietnam. This support is viewed with a jaundiced eye by historians."
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The USSR and US in Afghanistan, 2008.
This paper presents a policy analysis of the Soviet Union and the US in Afghanistan.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, £ 34.95
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Abstract
The paper describes the geopolitical significance of Afghanistan to the Americans and Soviets before and during the Cold War. The paper analyzes Russian and Soviet policy in Afghanistan and relates that policy decisions in the United States relating to Afghanistan have been historically affected by the Soviet presence in the country. Finally, the paper explores the nature and limits of the United States' role in the Afghan war and the present US involvement in Afghanistan.
Outline:
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Geopolitical Significance of Afghanistan
Soviet Policy in Afghanistan
Nature and Limits of the Role of the US in Afghanistan
Present US Involvement in Afghanistan
From the Paper
"Afghanistan is a region characterized by mountains and desert terrain that are practically impassable and is a country that has been dominated by the culture of Islam since 882 A.D. The Soviet war that occurred in Afghanistan lasted approximately nine years and was a conflict that centered upon the Soviet military support of the Marxist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), the government of Afghanistan and the Mujahideen insurgents that were trying to overthrow the government in Afghanistan. The work of Singleton (1981) relates "Soviet-Afghan contacts began when Amir Amanullah Khan expelled British control during the Third Afghan War.""
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A Program to Relieve Food Insecurity, 2008.
An analysis of the theory of a proposed program to reduce food insecurity and relieve hunger.
2,156 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the very prominent problem of hunger that exists particularly in the third world, today. The paper proposes a solution to the problem of hunger that relates to decentralizing and localizing the production of food as much as possible. The paper then discusses the theory and logistics of the proposed program and looks at its potential benefits.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Problem
Demographics
Proposal
Analysis
Eligibility
Service Delivery
Theory and Specification
Projected Costs and Funding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As mentioned, $7300 to feed one person for a year may appear rather expensive. However, the potential benefits of the program should not be overlooked when comparing it with existing initiatives (none of which are sustainable). The figure represents an initial investment. This means an investment that will not have to be repeated year by year, like those for other food programs. After the first year, the operation should become self-sustaining, and no further investment should be required. Indeed, an added potential advantage is that there may be an excess of production, resulting in a further revenue stream. Whereas programs such as the food stamp initiative often entail the hidden costs of transport and delivery, this problem is eliminated by the proposed program."
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The Hamas Organization, 2008.
An overview of the history, origins, and goals of the Hamas organization, the most influential Islamic movement in the Palestinian territories.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history and goals of Hamas, an acronym for Harakat al-Mugawima al-Islamiyya, also known as the Islamic Resistance Movement. The paper relates that the organization's goals are anti-Israeli, as it fights for destroying the state of Israel and creating a Palestinian Islamic state by using very violent terrorist aggression against Israeli civilians. The paper also relates that one of the most dangerous threats for regional security resides in the violent fights between Hamas and Fatah, which led to the separation of Palestine with Hamas controlling Gaza and Fatah, the West Bank.
From the Paper
'Despite the organization's social and religious activities, Hamas is primarily a military organization, well equipped, financed and organized. Its military wing is responsible for the acts of violence attributed to the organization. In achieving their goal of re-establishing Palestine on the territories that were known as hers before 1947, Hamas has used the term "jihad" (religious war), with the meaning that it will carry a war against any enemy of Islam, referring to Israel. Comparing to PLO, which has carried negotiations in the past with Israel and which seems more eager to find a solution for the dispute, Hamas remains radical in claiming all the territories they believe are rightfully Palestinian and accept no negotiation with Israel.'
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The Soviet-Afghanistan War, 2008.
A review of the role played by the Afghan resistance in the Soviet-Afghanistan war.
1,823 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, £ 36.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses and analyzes the topic of the Soviet-Afghanistan War. Specifically it analyzes the Afghan resistance in the Soviet-Afghanistan War, including the factions, leaders, and external connections. The paper states that throughout the war, the mujahidin rebel forces repeatedly outfoxed the Soviet troops, leading to a war that dragged on for ten years, which many call "Russia's Vietnam." More than 25,000 Soviet troops were killed during the war, and the loss to guerilla fighters undermined the Soviet military and public opinion.
Outline:
Origins of the War
The War Itself
The Players
The Aftermath of the War
From the Paper
"In the 1970s, Afghanistan was still a monarchy, and many of its leaders, who followed Marxism and Maoism instead, did not support Islam. However, of the approximately 12 million people living in the country, 90 percent claimed alliance to the Sunni Muslim sect. In addition, the country relied heavily on the Soviet Union for survival. However, all that would begin to change in 1973, when the monarchy toppled and a new leader took power. One historian writes, "In July 1973 Prince Muhammad Daud, a former prime minister and cousin of the Afghan King Zahir Shah, overthrew the government, abolished the monarchy, and proclaimed himself president of Afghanistan." Daud ruled for five years, until he was overthrown by a coup operated by the very small People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Many people felt the coup was at least partly supported by the Soviet Union. Ultimately, the group created so many reforms that chipped away at long-held Afghan social and cultural traditions that anarchy spread throughout the country."
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Chapter 13 Summary: "Night Draws Near", 2008.
A review and discussion of chapter 13 of Anthony Shadid's "Night Draws Near."
1,319 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses chapter 13 of Anthony Shadid's chronicle of the American military's recent experience in Baghdad, "Night Draws Near." The paper discusses the title of the chapter, "A Bad Muslim" and then looks specifically at American incomprehension of the Middle East and how it is a reoccurring pattern in American history. The paper looks at how Shadid's chapter 13 reflects this incomprehension.
From the Paper
"American incomprehension of the Middle East is a reoccurring pattern in American history. It lies partially misunderstanding of how America's close ties with Israel make it seem partisan in Arab eyes, not a neutral force as it regards itself, in its own democratic vision. It lies partially in the American ideal of secularism that is so anathema to the Middle East. Americans thought that ancient rivalries in Iraq could be swept away with new a new form of governance, with democratic ideals that America regards as universal ideals, and with superior but just military force. America thought that the terrors of the Saddam Hussein regime were enough to eradicate the hatred of America and the ideology of militant Islam. Instead, the chaos of civil war made religion and the identity afforded by nationalism even more comforting to Iraqis. Of course, it is not only in the Middle East that America has made this mistake: "Their destiny will be the same as in Vietnam," says one Iraqi (285). Hearing unfortunate American involvement in a foreign land analogized with Vietnam is nothing new for Americans, but it sounds especially chilling in the voice of an Iraqi, not just in the voice of an American critiquing the Iraqi war."
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The Uniform Code of Military Justice, 2008.
A reflection on the uniform code of military justice and its implications on army personnel.
2,045 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the uniform code of military justice or UCMJ as a system that balances the need of the commander to ensure proper order and discipline in the armed forces, and the principles of process and fairness. The paper states that servicemen who go beyond US jurisdiction need to understand both UCMJ and the laws of the foreign countries and the international community. The paper also mentions that that the UCMJ replaced command authority in criminal justice with one which balances individual rights under the American concept of fairness, with the need to ensure proper order and discipline.
From the Paper
" The Uniform Code of Military Justice or UCMJ is viewed as a system that balances the need of the commander to ensure proper order and discipline in the armed forces and the principles of due process and fairness (Turner 2000). Servicemen who go beyond US jurisdiction need to understand both UCMJ and the laws of the foreign countries as well as the international community. In cases like this, the foreign country would have the right to prosecute offenders from the US armed forces who break their criminal laws. This is the concept of foreign criminal jurisdiction. International law also affects the legality of the actions of a service member. In some cases, the international community would have the right to prosecute alleged war crimes. The UCMJ replaced command authority in criminal justice with one, which would balance individual rights under the American concept of fairness and due process with the need to ensure proper order and discipline. Before 1951, the laws governing the Army and Navy were commander-centered. They grew out of ancient military codes, which drew upon the right and necessity of the commander to impose strong disciplinary measures as he found fit. Courts were his tools and the rights of the accused were little considered. The more than 16 million men and women serving the US armed forces during World War separated from the service with a poor view of the Articles of War enforced (Ohman 2005). The need for reforms was the outcry of the American Bar Association, American Legion, and other private organizations and the public. This led to the creation and enactment of the UCMJ. Each amendment of the Code increased protections for the members of the armed forces."
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Cross-Cultural Comparison, 2008.
A comparison of the effects of the modern world on Mexicans living in Ciudad Juarez and the Indians who live in Ecuador.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a cross-cultural comparison between the Mexicans living in Ciudad Juarez and the Indians who live in Ecuador. It describes how both of these groups of people have been affected by the modern world in terms of industrialization and globalization. It also discusses the effects that this modern world has had on the culture and behavior of the people in these areas.
Table of Contents:
Mexican Border Culture
Ecuadorian Indians' Culture
From the Paper
"Meanwhile, in the Jivaro Indians' culture, far from being murdered and disrespected, the woman is greatly prized and protected, partly because of the plants she helps grow. To give an idea of how important some plants are to the lives and beliefs of the Jivaro people, the author of the book, The Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls, Michael J. Harner, an anthropologist and an ethnographer, explains on page 70 that the "Nunui" (a spirit, or fairy), provides supernatural help for the woman of the family, which it vital to the success of important plants."
"The Nunui's help in the garden is important for the natives, not just in the process of growing food items like sweet potatoes, carrots, tomatoes, squash, red peppers, onions, pineapple, banana, and other edibles. The Nunui also helps in the growing of medicinal plants and hallucinogenic plants (drugs) such as Banisteriopsis species, and Datura Arborea."
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