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Nuclear Disarmament, 2007.
This paper explores the obstacles preventing total nuclear disarmament.
2,768 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, £ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper reveals that the amount of known nuclear weapons that exist today is enough to destroy the planet several times over! The paper discusses the United States' and other nations' commitment to continue developing nuclear weapons. The paper looks at the ethical and moral issues associated with disarmament. The paper explains that solutions to the problem are complicated and multifaceted, but maintains that educating the public about expenditures and effects of this powerful and antiquated weaponry is clearly the best possible way to help solve the growing nuclear arms problem.
From the Paper
"Using the tools of social analysis to look at this immense social problem gleans information that demonstrates both the nature of the problem and the immense level of resources and negotiations that would have to take place in order to even begin to reach levels of total disarmament, a goal that many seek, while others thwart it, that is seemingly insurmountable in its complexities. (Nuclear Weapons Proliferation website MSNEncarta) Many cultural issues need to be addressed as well as strategic policies and demands that are as diverse as the types of weapons that exist and the personalities of the nations and individuals involved. The nature of the problem has it seeds in the complicated manner in which nuclear weapons have become so prolific (a fact that you will see in the following passages.)"
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The War in Iraq, 2007.
This paper examines the dollar cost of the war in Iraq.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the National Priorities Project (NPP) estimates that, as of March 2007, based on congressional appropriations, the cost of the war in Iraq is over 410 billion dollars. The author points out that there has been a waste of billions on "reconstruction" because of a lack of strategy and unclear lines of authority between the Defense and State Departments, which has led to confusion and disarray. The paper reports that Nobel Prize winner Joseph E. Stiglitz indicates that the total costs of the Iraq war could top the $2 trillion mark assuming that the troops will remain in Iraq until 2010 and including the health care costs of injured returning soldiers.
From the Paper
"The NPP indicates that with the money spent so far on the war in Iraq, the United States could have paid for 54,369,196 children to attend Head Start for one years. With those $410 billion, Americans could have built 3,696,054 affordable housing units. With that money the U.S. could have hired 7,113,800 teachers to work in public schools for one year. And the NPP data shows that the money spend so far on the Iraq war could have provided major medical health coverage for 245,801,075 children for a year."
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Norway and the European Union, 2007.
This paper discusses the history of Norway's failure to seek membership into the European Union.
4,670 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, £ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that arguments in favor of Norway's full integration into the E.U. arose in 1972, 1994 and 2005; however, each time these initiatives failed. The author points out that the Norwegian lingering sense of isolationism, the craving to remain independent and autonomous in its political rule and decision-making process and perhaps even Norway's historical recollection of 400 years of foreign domination has prevented it from voting to seek full member into the European Union. The paper hypothesizes that, although it is impossible to predict the mood of the Norwegian voters, the author states with certainty that the world, not just Europe, appears to be moving towards a united world community with the E.U. playing a significant role.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
First Attempts to Join the EC
Norway's Economy
Norway and the EFTA
The 1980's: Conservative Governments Rule Norway
A Second Try to Join the EC, Now Called EU
Reasons for the "No"-Decision
Norway's Future: Is it Likely to Join?
From the Paper
"The Norwegians have a strong history of protectionism when it comes to their fishing industry and waters. Throughout different periods in its history, Norway and Russia have had to resolve differences and develop relationships that would facilitate the use of Norwegian waters and territories in the most northern part of that country that had historically been shared between the two countries. While the issues were, by 1991, seemingly resolved in an amicable and workable solution satisfying both countries, it serves to demonstrate Norway's tenacious protectionism of its coast and ..."
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The European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy and European Security and Defense Policy, since the Maastricht Treaty.
3,578 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, £ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of the European Union's (EU)Common Foreign and Security Policy and the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) since the Maastricht Treaty. It aims to determine how successful these institutional developments have been in addressing current security challenges. The paper also identifies how these processes are affecting the respective members of the EU and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Recent Trends and Events
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The research showed that most observers did not expect the process to be seamless or trouble-free, but it would seem that the trends clearly indicate that the Europeanization process continues to move forward in inexorable ways, with the need for establishing a viable mechanism to provide for mutual defense representing one of the more compelling reasons in support of the process. While the nations of Europe have historically sought out such alliances for their mutual defense, the process has expanded in recent years to include many former adversaries that appeared to represent a step in the right direction for ensuring a prosperous future for all members of the EU. Alas, the war on terrorism is not going to be finished anytime soon and defense will likely remain at the forefront of the move toward a United States of Europe that reflects the mutual but diverse interests of its members."
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Arms Sales, 2007.
This paper looks at how arms sales throughout the world have increased dramatically since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses worldwide arms sales during and after the Cold War. The writer explores events leading to the increase in arms sales and provides an argument that the dismantling of the Soviet Union launched an arms sales increase. The paper explains how selling arms to developing nations provides stronger countries with power because the stronger country can threaten to stop the sales or to sell to the enemy if the developing nation does not do as it is told. The paper argues that it is time to stop the cycle before the US and other nations become "bully" nations.
From the Paper
"The collapse of the Soviet Union rocked the world. The entire industrialized society tuned in to watch the dismantling of what it believed to be the stronghold on communism and many of the world's problems. Little did society realize that the dismantling of the USSR would also trigger issues that would create concerns. One of the biggest surprises that came out of the cold war and the collapse of the Soviet Union was the increase in worldwide arms sales. While most of the world viewed the dismantling and rebuilding process of the Soviet Union to be in keeping with steps towards world peace evidence has shown that since the collapse of the Soviet Union arms sale throughout the world have increased dramatically."
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Vietnam and Foreign Policy, 2007.
This paper examines the major shifts that have taken place in American foreign policy since the end of the Vietnam War.
1,404 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the Vietnam War offered the conditions for the US to realize the change in the international political environment and the need for diplomatic cooperation more than military confrontation. The paper looks at Henry Kissinger's new diplomacy that offered the detente period, which advocated for the first time the existence of more than two centers of power. The paper shows how from this point on, subsequent administrations worked, more or less, to reaching a peaceful outcome to the Cold War.
From the Paper
"The Vietnam War can be rightfully seen as a pivotal moment in the history of the 20th century. The human loss could only be estimated, as there were too many unknown events that influenced the final outcome of the victim count, as "over 57, 000 Americans- and hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese- died. Total American expenses have been calculated at over a trillion dollars." (Rothney and Findley, 1986, 300) However important is the human factor, aside from the tragedies of the Vietnamese and American peoples who engaged their troops on the battlefield, there is the aspect of the dramatic political shift that the war and its outcome provoked."
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The US Involvement in Desert Storm, 2007.
An analysis of the factors contributing to the US involvement in the military Operation Desert Storm.
2,172 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the factors that influenced the United States to become involved in Operation Desert Storm. The paper describes issues of international law, the US' dependency on oil, regional alliances and the need to satisfy an issue of prestige. It then discusses how all of these reasons contributed to the US involvement in the military operations involving Kuwait.
From the Paper
"Aside from the geostrategic, political or economic reasons that would have completely justified the intervention of the American forces against Saddam, there was also a matter of prestige for the newly crowned leader of the free world. The US had now become the only super power, thus defeating its fifty-year foe, the USSR. Even if the actual confirmation would come late in 1992, the Cold War had ended with the victory of capitalism over communism, democracy over authoritarianism, the US over the USSR. Still, this state of fact had to be visible to the international community as well. Thus, a strong military deployment of forces in the name of a just cause, that of defending another state, was the ultimate proof of the power the US enjoyed following demise of the Soviet Union."
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The Central Intelligence Agency, 2007.
This paper discusses the role of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the Cold War.
1,377 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper examines various perspectives on CIA operations during the Cold War. The paper looks at their successes and failures but maintains that the CIA has remained an essential tool in the fight against communism and the maintenance of the intelligence system. The paper concludes that despite the criticism of this organization, it represented a crucial segment of the conduct of American foreign policy during the Cold War.
From the Paper
"The CIA was established in 1947 through the National Security Act, as part of the wider informational system "which grew out of World War II era Office of Strategic Services and small post-war intelligence organizations. The CIA served as the primary civilian intelligence-gathering organization in the government." (US Dept. of State, n.d.) According to the establishing act, it was designed for gathering of intelligence in respect to the potential threats facing the US borders. (US Intelligence Community, 2004) This evolution came as a result of the considered failure of intelligence that determined the lack of anticipation of the Pearl Harbor attacks. Thus, it is quite obvious the way in which a historical event can determine the creation of an essential tool for countering any subsequent repeats."
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The United Nations, 2007.
This paper looks at the United Nations as one of the most important bodies governing international politics.
1,730 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, £ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper examines why the United nations has become such a dominant and important factor within global affairs. The paper focuses on how the leadership of the United Nations has helped to make the organization the premier leader within international relations. The paper looks at the term of Secretary General Kofi Annan, considered the United Nation's strongest leader. The paper also discusses how he represents the multi-cultural focus of the UN that is the basis for the UN's success.
From the Paper
"Due to America's disobedience in the war on Iraq as well as numerous other international calamities, the United Nations has appeared to lose its allure as the avenue of world conflict resolution. Despite these claims however, the effectiveness of the United Nations cannot be ignored. There has not been a major global conflict since the Second World War, and the United Nations has changed the face of humanitarian, economic, and political efforts throughout the world."
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Space Race, 2007.
This paper explores how the Soviet Union and the United States became engaged in a space race as both attempted to conquer the space beyond the Earth.
4,161 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 35 sources, MLA, £ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that at the end of World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States were locked into a bitter battle of military positioning and propaganda known as the Cold War. Stemming from this, as technology advancements showed the world the military capabilities of space exploration, the two nations began a fierce competition to rule space. The writer notes that while the competition was closely aligned with the arms race between the two countries during the Cold War, space technology also became an important part of the technological, cultural, ideological, and military rivalry between the two countries. The writer points out that while the space race developed from a vicious Cold War, the race ended in cooperation between two powerful nations. The writer then concludes that while the space race certainly advanced technology far beyond what would have occurred without such competition, the race also fostered and developed the technological, cultural, ideological, and military mindsets of both countries forever.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper
"Space exploration clearly offered numerous solutions to these issues for both superpowers. Space exploration and satellites could, scientists and military annalists believed, be used to spy on other countries, gathering photographic and location specific information regarding any technologies, military movements, or weapon storage. Additionally, the leaders of these countries believed that to beat the other to space would promote a concept of superiority, prowess, and military superiority. As the development of rocket technology increased, and as that technology advanced, space exploration became a feasible goal.
In 1947, the citizens of the United States had one of their first experiences with space, further fueling the flames for the Space Race. In July of that year, farmers in Roswell, NM discovered a crash site nearly three-fourths of a mile in width, consisting of metal, and other unfamiliar debris. A local sheriff called the military, who declared a few days later that a "flying disk" had crashed. Shortly thereafter, the statement was retracted, and replaced with stories of a downed weather balloon."
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Trade Barriers, 2007.
An analysis of the implications of removing the barriers to free trade.
1,365 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses both the visible and invisible barriers that exist to free trade. It suggests that the international mood is in favor, not simply of quota and tariff reductions, but also the elimination of less obvious barriers to free trade. The paper describes these barriers and their potential benefits and then discusses the implications of removing all barriers to trade.
From the Paper
"Of course, consumers knowing the country of origin of Toyota vehicles have done little to harm the dominance of that car over traditional American manufacturers like GM and Ford. But in some instances, if a particular nation has received bad press regarding its labor practices, mandatory labeling as an imported good might act as an additional invisible trade barrier. Also, if a nation is being subject to a particularly damaging round of international publicity regarding other aspects of its international policy, this may lead to a boycott of the nation's goods, and thus invisible tariffs can be constructed through simply the apparently innocuous policy of labeling nation's country of origin, in the supposed interest of consumer information."
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The United Nations, 2007.
A discussion as to whether or not the United Nations has been successful in furthering world peace.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, £ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the United Nations and the success of the organization in maintaining world peace. According to the paper, the United Nations has failed miserably. This paper traces the long and regrettable history of the United Nations' failure in furthering world peace, explains the reasons for its failure ,and makes suggestions for improvement.
From the Paper
"Moreover, the very structure of the United Nations was such that it almost guaranteed paralysis. UN Security Council was the organ that was entrusted with the task of maintaining peace and security among nations. Its five permanent members --the US, USSR, Britain, France, China--were given veto powers, which enabled them to void any Security Council resolution irrespective of the extent of general support on any issue . Such powers, especially in the Cold War environment, meant that the two major adversarial powers for the first forty years of the United Nation's existence would never let a UN resolution pass, which was perceived to be against their respective strategic interest."
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Building Strategy Partnership, 2007.
An analysis of the European Union in terms of the "five lenses class theory" - formality, power, risk, structure and time frame.
2,189 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most diverse coalitions to emerge in recent times - that of the European Union, or EU. The paper examines the EU in the scope of "five lenses class theory". That is, it looks at formality, power, risk, structure and time frame with regard to the EU. The paper then presents a set of recommendations for the coalition as it moves into the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Review of Relevant Literature
Analysis of the Coalition According to "Five Lenses Class Theory"
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Overall, the EU should institute more rigid guidelines in terms of how nations that are affiliated with the coalition receive, and use, power. In this instance, power refers to the trading privileges, military latitude, and human rights activities of the member nations involved. When there are safeguards in place to in essence police the members of the coalition, it will gain credibility and avoid entanglements abroad. By regulating the power that flows through the EU, the risks associated with the maintenance, and future growth of the coalition will be greatly reduced. Timeframes are also important, especially in terms of strategic planning and growth. It would be wise for the EU to establish, and adhere to, a timeline that keeps the achievement of established goals on track. Lastly, the structure of the EU is very important; while the temptation in the formation of coalitions is to make them as large and unwieldy as possible, this is an exception. Because of the innovative nature of the EU, it will undoubtedly have to evolve substantially to achieve goals and remain viable in future years as the global economy likewise matures. Therefore, the agility of the EU will be very important."
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America's "Crusading Zeal", 2007.
This paper explores the American objectives of war and peace in the mid-twentieth century.
747 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, £ 15.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the opinion of Professor Fairbank who commented on America's "crusading zeal". The paper maintains that this was a fair critical analysis of America's move toward conflict during the period of 1945-1965, with American anti-communist foreign policy a true example. The paper examines many examples of American efforts to take world enforced peace into its own hands. The paper contends that Fairbank's assessment was warranted and cautionary in a period that was unlikely to see peace with continuous American military interventions.
From the Paper
"Policies during and following World War II set the stage for conflict. Roosevelt's agreements with Churchill and Stalin following the war not only fell apart, but also led to the Cold War and extreme anti-communism in the United States (Kort, 31-32). Stalin fostered many communist nations, threatening the United States and England. British and American forces responded with the support of revolutionaries and governments that took power away from the communists. American foreign policy concerning communism became clear with the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan and was emphasized by American leaders throughout the period (Kort 36-43)."
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